Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoriclife forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1999.
An Anseranatidae, Anatalavinae Olson, 1999. In 2002 Jíří Mlíkovský made this species the type species of his not widely accepted new genus Nettapterornis.[49]
Ornithothoraces Chiappe et Calvo, 1994, this is the type species of the new genus. Vescornis hebeiensis Zhang, Ericson et Zhou, 2004. is a junior synonym.[65]
A Jacanidae. Mourer-Chauviré, 1999 transferred this species to the genus Geranopterus Milne-Edwards, 1892 and later it was placed in the Geranopteridae Mayr & Mourer-Chauviré, 2000.[73]
^Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN9780070887398. OCLC46769716.
^Stockey, R. A.; Nishida, H.; Rothwell, G. W. (1999). "Permineralized ferns from the middle Eocene Princeton chert. I. Makotopteris princetonensis gen. et sp. nov.(Athyriaceae)". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 160 (5): 1047–1055. doi:10.1086/314191. PMID10506480. S2CID33465214.
^Kvaček, Z.; Manchester, S.R. (1999-05-01). "Eostangeria Barthel (Extinct Cycadales) from the Paleogene of Western North America and Europe". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 160 (3): 621–629. doi:10.1086/314152. ISSN1058-5893. JSTOR10.1086/314152. S2CID83978433.
^ abcdede Andrade, M. L.; Baroni Urbani, C. (1999). "Diversity and adaptation in the ant genus Cephalotes, past and present". Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie B (Geologie und Paläontologie). 271: 537–538.
^Riou, B. (1999). "Descriptions de quelques insectes fossiles du Miocène supérieur de la Montagne d'Andance (Ardèche, France)". Travaux de l'École Pratique des Hautes Études, Biologie et Évolution des Insectes. 11/12: 123–133.
^Sinitchenkova, N. D. (1999). "A new mayfly species of the extant genus Neoephemera from the Eocene of North America (Insecta: Ephemerida=Ephemeroptera)". Paleontological Journal. 33 (4): 403–405.
^Scudder, S. H. (1892). "Some Insects of special interest from Florissant, Colorado and other points in the Tertiaries of Colorado and Utah". Bulletin of the United States Geological Survey. 93: 1–25.
^Sorbini, C.; Sorbini, L. (1999). "The Cretaceous fishes of Nardo. 10: Nardovelifer altipinnis, gen. et sp. nov. (Teleostei, Lampridiformes, Veliferidae)". St Ric Giac Terz Bolca. 8: 11–27.
^Kobayashi et al. (1999). Sanders, Manley, and Carpenter (2001), "Table 12.1" page 167.
^Sullivan, R.M.; Lucas, S.G. (1999). "Eucoelophysis baldwini, a new theropod dinosaur from the Upper Triassic of New Mexico, and the status of the original types of Coelophysis". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (1): 81–90. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011124.
^ abPerle, A., M. Norell and J. Clark. (1999). A new maniraptoran theropod Achillobator giganticus (Dromaeosauridae) from the Upper Cretaceous of Burkhant, Mongolia. Contributions of the Department of Geology, National University Mongolia (35 pages).
^Carpenter, K., K. Kirkland, D. Burge, and J. Bird. (1999). "Ankylosaurs (Dinosauria; Ornithischia) of the Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, and the stratigraphic distributions". In: Vertebrate Paleontology in Utah (D. Gillete, ed.). Utah Geological Survey Miscellaneous Publication 99-1.
^Czerkas vide Sloan, C.P. (1999). "Feathers for T. rex?" National Geographic 196 (5 - November): pp. 98-107. vide Olson, 2000.
^Monbaron, M.; Russell, D.A.; Taquet, P. (1999). "Atlasaurus imelakeii n.g., n.sp., a brachiosaurid-like sauropod from the Middle Jurassic of Morocco". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA. 329 (7): 519–526. Bibcode:1999CRASE.329..519M. doi:10.1016/s1251-8050(00)80026-9.
^Burge, D.L., J.H. Bird, B.K. McClelland, and M.A. Cicconetti. (1999). "Comparison of four armored dinosaurs from the Cedar Mountain Formation of Eastern Utah". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, Abstracts of Papers, 59th Annual Meeting, Society of Vertebrate Paleontology, Denver, CO, Volume 19, Supplement to n. 3, p. 34A.
^Tidwell, V.; Carpenter, K.; Brooks, W. (1999). "New sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Utah, USA". Oryctos. 2: 21–37.
^Zhao, Xijin; Cheng, Zhengwu; Xu, Xing (1999). "The earliest ceratopsian from the Tuchengzi Formation of Liaoning, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (4): 681–691. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011181.
^Bonaparte, J.F.; Mateus, O. (1999). "A new diplodocid, Dinheirosaurus lourinhanensis gen. et sp. nov., from the Late Jurassic beds of Portugal". Revista del Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales. 5 (2): 13–29.
^ abKnoll, F. (1999). "The family Fabrosauridae". In: IV European Workshop on Vertebrate Palaeontology: p. 65;
^Sanz, J.L., J.E. Powell, J. Le Loueff, R. Martinez, and X. Pereda-Suberbiola. (1999). Sauropod remains from the Upper Cretaceous of Laño (Northcentral Spain). Titanosaur phylogenetic relationships. Est. Mus. Cienc. Nat. de Alava 14 (Num. Espec. 1): pp. 235-255 [1][2].
^Taquet, P. D.A. Russell (1999). "A massively constructed iguandont from Gadoufaouna, Lower Cretaceous of Niger". Annales de Paléontologie. 85 (1): 85–96. doi:10.1016/s0753-3969(99)80009-3.
^Pickering, S. (1995). A fractal scaling in dinosaurology project (2nd revised printing). Capitola, California: 478 pages; [nomen nudum].
^Sullivan, R.M. (1999). "Nodocephalosaurus kirtlandensis, gen. et sp. nov., a new ankylosaurid dinosaur (Ornithischia: Ankylosauria) from the Upper Cretaceous Kirtland Formation (upper Campanian), San Juan Basin, New Mexico". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (1): 126–139. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011128.
^Rich, T. H. and P. Vickers-Rich. (1999). The Hypsilophodontidae from southeastern Australia. In: Proceedings of the Second Gondwanan Dinosaur Symposium (Y. Tomida, T.H. Rich, and P. Vickers-Rich, eds.): pp. 167-180.
^Kellner, A.W.A. (1999). "Short note on a new dinosaur (Theropoda, Coelurosauria) from the Santana Formation (Romualdo Member, Albian), Northeastern Brazil". Boletim do Museu Nacional (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil), N.S. 9: 8 pages.
^Xu, X.; Wang, X.-L.; Wu, X.-C. (1999). "A dromaeosaurid dinosaur with a filamentous integument from the Yixian Formation of China". Nature. 401 (6750): 262–266. Bibcode:1999Natur.401..262X. doi:10.1038/45769. S2CID4430574.
^Allain, R.; Taquet, P.; Battail, B.; Dejax, J.; Richir, P.; Veran, M.; Vacant, R.; Mateus, O.; Sayarath, P.; Khenthavong, B.; Phouyavong, S. (1999). "Un nouveau genre de dinosaure sauropode de la formation des Gres superieurs (Aptien-Albien) du Laos". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA. 329 (8): 609–616. Bibcode:1999CRASE.329..609A. doi:10.1016/s1251-8050(00)87218-3.
^Rich, T.H., P. Vickers-Rich, O. Gimenez, R. Cúneo, P. Puerta, and P. Vacca. (1999). "A new sauropod dinosaur from Chubut Province, Argentina". In: Proceedings of the Second Gondwanan Dinosaur Symposium (Y. Tomida, T.H. Rich, and P. Vickers-Rich, eds.): pp. 61-84.
^Qiang, Ji; Chiappe, Luis M.; Shu’an, Ji (1999). "A New Late Mesozoic Confuciusornithid Bird from China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (1): 1–7. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011117.
^de Alvarenga, Herculano M. F. (1999). "A Fossil Screamer (Anseriformes: Anhimidae) from the Middle Tertiary of Southeastern Brazil"(PDF). In: Avian Paleontology at the Close of the 20th Century: Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, Washington, D.C., 4–7 June 1996, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 89: 223–230.
^Hou, Lianhai; Martin, Larry D.; Zhou, Zhonghe; Feduccia, Alan; Zhang, Fucheng (1999). "A Diapsid Skull in a New Species of the Primitive Bird Confuciusornis". Nature. 399 (6737): 679–682. Bibcode:1999Natur.399..679H. doi:10.1038/21411. S2CID4402195.
^Mourer-Chauviré, Cécile; Bour, Roger; Ribes, Sonia; Moutou, François (1999). "The Avifauna of Réunion Island (Mascarene Islands) at the Time of the Arrival of the First Europeans"(PDF). In: Avian Paleontology at the Close of the 20th Century: Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, Washington, D.C., 4–7 June 1996, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 89: 1–38.
^Chandler, Robert M. (1999). "Fossil Birds of Florissant, Colorado: With a Description of a New Genus and Species of Cuckoo". The National Park Service Paleontological Research. 4: 49–53.
^Boev, Zlatozar N. (1999). "Gallinula balcanica sp. n. - a Villafranchian Moorhen from Bulgaria". Acta Zoologica Bulgarica. 51: 43–47.
^Hope, Sylvia (1999). "A New Species of Graculavus from the Cretaceous of Wyoming (Aves: Neornithes)"(PDF). In: Avian Paleontology at the Close of the 20th Century: Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, Washington, D.C., 4–7 June 1996, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 89: 261–266.
^Kurochkin, Evgeny N. (1999). "A New Large Enantiornithid from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia (Aves, Enantiornithes)". Russian Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the Zoological Institute. 277: 130–141.
^Yan in Xu Gui-lin, Yang You-shi & Deng Shao-yeng (1999). "First Discovery of Mesozoic Bird Fossils in Hebei Province and Its Significance". Regional Geology of China. 18: 444–448.
^Steadman, David W.; Hilgartner, William B. (1999). "A New Species of Extinct Barn Owl (Aves: Tyto) from Barbuda, Lesser Antilles"(PDF). In: Avian Paleontology at the Close of the 20th Century: Proceedings of the 4th International Meeting of the Society of Avian Paleontology and Evolution, Washington, D.C., 4–7 June 1996, Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology. 89: 75–83.
^Unwin, David M.; Heinrich, Wolf-Dieter (1999). "On a pterosaur jaw from the Upper Jurassic of Tendaguru (Tanzania)". Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Geowissenschaftliche Reihe. 2: 121–134.
^Carpenter, K (1999). "Revision of North American elasmosaurs from the Cretaceous of the Western Interior". Paludicola. 2 (2): 148–173.
^Gao, K.; Cheng, Z. (1999). "A new lizard from the Lower Cretaceous of Shandong, China". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 19 (3): 456–465. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011158. JSTOR4524009.
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