1998 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1998.

Flora

Lycophytes

Lycophyte research

Angiosperms

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Location Notes Images

Palaeocarpinus pacifica[3]

Sp nov

Valid

Manchester & Chen

Paleocene
Danian

Malo-Mikhailovka Formation

 Russia

A betulaceous fruit

Fungi

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Country Notes Images

Cryptodidymosphaerites[4]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Currah, Stockey, & LePage

Eocene
Ypresian

Allenby Formation
Princeton Chert

 Canada
 British Columbia

A hyperparasitic pleosporalean fungus of uncertain family affinity.
The type species is C. princetonensis
Its hosted by the phyllachoralean fungus Palaeoserenomyces allenbyensis

Palaeoserenomyces[4]

Gen et sp nov

valid

Currah, Stockey, & LePage

Eocene
Ypresian

Allenby Formation
Princeton Chert

 Canada
 British Columbia

A parasitic phyllachoralean fungus of uncertain family affinity.
The type species is P. allenbyensis
Its hosted by the fan palm Uhlia allenbyensis.
Its hyperparasitized by Cryptodidymosphaerites princetonensis

Fungal research

  • Currah, Stockey, & LePage (1998) describe the a phyllachoralean "tar spot" parasitizing Uhlia palm leaves, and host for a hyperparasitic pleosporalean fungus. They note them to be one of the first occurrences of hyperparasitic relationships in the fossil record.[4]

Arthropods

Newly named crustaceans

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Ursquilla[5]

Gen nov

Valid

Hof

Late Cretaceous (Campanian)

 Israel  Jordan

A mantis shrimp, type species is U. yehoachi (originally named as Eryon yehoachi in 1955).

Tyrannophontes acanthocercus[6]

Sp nov

Jr synonym

Jenner, Hof & Schram

Serpukhovian

Bear Gulch Limestone

 USA

A mantis shrimp, moved to the genus Daidal (2007)[7]

Newly named insects

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Acanthostichus hispaniolicus[8]

Sp. nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A Dorylinae ant

Acanthostichus hispaniolicus

Aquarius lunpolaensis[9]

Comb nov.

valid

(Lin) Andersen

Miocene

Lunpola Basin

 China

A water strider
Moved from Gerris lunpolaensis

Carabus neli[10]

Sp nov.

valid

Deuve

Turolian

Montagne d'Andance

 France

A ground beetle

Carabus neli

Cylindromyrmex antillanus[11]

Sp. nov

Valid

De Andrade

Burdigalian

Dominican amber

 Dominican Republic

A Dorylinae ant

Cylindromyrmex antillanus

Daniavelia[9]

Gen et sp nov.

valid

Andersen

Eocene
Ypresian

MØclay
Fur Formation

 Denmark

A macroveliid water strider
The type species is D. morsensis

Electrovelia[9]

Gen et sp nov.

valid

Andersen

Eocene
Lutetian

Baltic Amber

 Denmark

A riffle bug
The type species is P. baltica

Eocenometra longicomis[9]

Sp nov.

valid

Andersen

Eocene
Ypresian

MØclay
0lst/Fur Formations

 Denmark

A marsh treader

Ledouxnebria[10]

Gen et sp nov.

valid

Deuve

Turolian

Montagne d'Andance

 France

A ground beetle

Ledouxnebria brisaci

Limnoporus wilsoni[9]

Sp nov.

valid

Andersen

Eocene
Ypresian

Okanagan Highlands
Driftwood shales

 Canada
 British Columbia

A water strider

Palaeogerris[9]

Gen et 3 sp nov.

valid

Andersen

Eocene
Ypresian

MØ clay
0lst/Fur Formations

 Denmark

A water strider
The type species is P. furensis
Also includes P. grandis & P. mikkelseni

Palaeometra[9]

Gen et sp nov.

valid

Andersen

Eocene
Ypresian

Fur Formation

 Denmark

A limnobatodine water strider
The type species is P. madseni

Telmatrechus defunctus[9]

Comb nov.

valid

(Handlirsch) Andersen

Eocene
Ypresian

Okanagan Highlands
Quilchena site

 Canada
 British Columbia

A water strider
Moved from Gerris defuncta (1910)

Brachiopods

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Type locality Country Notes Images

Iridistrophia aliciae[12]

Sp nov

valid

Herrera, Salas & Giolitti

Early Devonian

Talacasto Formation

 Argentina

A species of Iridistrophia

Iridistrophia dominans[12]

Sp nov

valid

Herrera, Salas & Giolitti

Early Devonian

Talacasto Formation

 Argentina

A species of Iridistrophia

Iridistrophia magna[12]

Sp nov

valid

Herrera, Salas & Giolitti

Early Devonian

Talacasto Formation

 Argentina

A species of Iridistrophia

Iridistrophia prima[12]

Sp nov

valid

Herrera, Salas & Giolitti

Early Devonian

Talacasto Formation

 Argentina

A species of Iridistrophia

Eoschuchertella delicata[12]

Sp nov

valid

Herrera, Salas & Giolitti

Early Devonian

Talacasto Formation

 Argentina

A species of Eoschuchertella

Molluscs

Bivalves

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Pojetaia sarhroensis[13]

sp nov

Valid

Geyer & Streng

Early Cambrian

Anti-Atlas mountains

 Morocco

Early Cambrian Fordillidae bivalve

Echinoderms

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images
Alkaidia[14]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Blake & Reid

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

A starfish, type species is A. sumralli.

Altairia[14]

Gen et comb nov

Valid

Blake & Reid

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

Paw Paw Formation

A starfish, type species is A. wintoni, originally named as Comptonia wintoni in 1920.

Betelgeusia[14]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Blake & Reid

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

A starfish, type species is B. reidi.

Capellia[14]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Blake & Reid

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

Paw Paw Formation

A starfish, type species is C. mauricei.

Crateraster texensis[14]

Comb nov

Valid

Blake & Reid

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

A starfish, originally named as Pentagonaster texensis in 1920.

Denebia[14]

Gen et comb nov

Valid

Blake & Reid

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

A starfish, type species is D. americana, originally named as Pentaceros americanus in 1920.

Fomalhautia[14]

Gen et comb nov

Valid

Blake & Reid

Early Cretaceous (Albian)

Paw Paw Formation

A starfish, type species is F. hortensae, originally named as Metopaster hortensae in 1920.

Amphibians

newly named anurans

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Rhadinosteus[15]

Gen et sp nov

Valid

Henrici

Kimmeridgian

Morrison Formation

 USA

A possible Rhinophrynidae frog

Archosauromorpha

Dinosaurs

Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.[20]

Name Status Authors Location Notes Images
Altirhinus[21] Valid taxon
Caudipteryx
Cristatusaurus
Gargoyleosaurus
Gastonia
Lourinhanosaurus
Megaraptor
Rahonavis
Scipionyx
Shuvuuia
Suchomimus
Tianzhenosaurus
Variraptor
Zuniceratops
''Augustia''

Preoccupied

Camposaurus[22] Valid taxon
  • Sullivan, and
  • Lockley
Caseosaurus[22] Valid taxon
  • Sullivan, and
  • Lockley
Caudipteryx[23] Valid taxon
Cristatusaurus[24] Valid taxon
Eobrontosaurus[25] Valid taxon. Now Synonym of Brontosaurus
Eolambia[26] Valid taxon
Gargoyleosaurus[27] Valid taxon
  • Cloward
Gastonia[28] Valid taxon
Gongxianosaurus[29] Valid taxon
  • He,
  • Wang C.,
  • Liu S.,
  • Zhou F.,
  • Liu T.,
  • Cai and
  • Dai
Histriasaurus[30] Valid taxon
  • Dalla Vecchia
Lourinhanosaurus[31] Valid taxon
  • Mateus
Lourinhasaurus[32] Valid taxon
  • Dantas,
  • Sanz,
  • Da Silva,
  • Ortega,
  • Dos Santos and
  • Cachao
Megaraptor[33] Valid taxon
  • Novas
Nedcolbertia[34] Valid taxon
  • S. K. Madsen and
  • Burge
Notohypsilophodon[35] Valid taxon
  • Martínez
Ozraptor[36] Valid taxon
  • J. A. Long and
Protohadros[37] Valid taxon
  • Head
''Rahona''[38] Preoccupied
  • Forster
  • Sampson
Rahonavis[39] Valid taxon
  • Forster,
  • Sampson,
Scipionyx[40] Valid taxon
  • Dal Sasso and
  • Signore
Shanxia[41] Valid taxon
  • Barrett,
  • You,
  • Upchurch and
  • Burton
Shuvuuia[42] Valid taxon
  • Clark
Sonorasaurus[43] Valid taxon
  • Ratkevich,
  • Sidor,
  • Varricchio,
Suchomimus Valid taxon An African spinosaurs Sereno et al. 1998
Tianzhenosaurus[44] Valid taxon
  • Pang and
  • Cheng Z.
Variraptor[45] Valid taxon
  • Le Loeuff and
  • Buffetaut
Zuniceratops[46] Valid taxon
  • Wolfe and

Newly named birds

Name Novelty Status Authors Age Unit Location Notes Images

Abavornis bonapartei [47]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Andrei V. Panteleyev

Late Cretaceous

Coniacian,

Bissekty Formation

 Uzbekistan

An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.

Actitis balcanica [48]

Sp. nov.

Valid ?

Zlatozar N. Boev

Late Pliocene

MN 17

 Bulgaria

A Scolopacidae?, the holotypical tarsometatarsus looks more like a Charadriidae.

Aizenogyps toomeyae [49]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Late Pliocene

Late Blancan

 USA:

 Florida

A Cathartidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Anhinga beckeri [49]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Early Pliocene

Late-Early Irvingtonian

 USA:

 Florida

An Anhingidae.

Basityto rummeli [50]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Jiří Mlíkovský

Early Miocene

MN 2-3

 Germany:

 Bavaria

A Gruidae, transferred to the genus Balearica by Mourer-Chauviré in 2001,[51] this is the type species of the new genus.

Buteo sanya [52]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Hou Lianhai

Late Pleistocene

Cave Deposits

 China

An Accipitridae.

Buteo spassovi [53]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Zlatozar N. Boev

Late Miocene

MN 11-12

 Bulgaria

An Accipitridae.

Catenoleimus anachoretus [47]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Andrei V. Panteleyev

Late Cretaceous

Coniacian

 Uzbekistan

An Enantiornithes Walker, 1981, Euenantiornithes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.

Chloephaga robusta [54]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Claudia P. Tambussi

Middle-Late Pliocene

Irene Formation

 Argentina

An Anatidae.

Coccothraustes balcanicus [55]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Zlatozar N. Boev

Late Pliocene

MN 18

 Bulgaria

A Fringillidae.

Coccothraustes simeonovi [55]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Zlatozar N. Boev

Late Pliocene

MN 17

 Bulgaria

A Fringillidae.

Diamantornis spaggiarii [56]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Brigitte Senut

Yannicke Dauphin

Martin Pickford

Early Middle Miocene

Karingarab

 Namibia

A Struthionidae, eggshells.

Explorornis nessovi [47]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Andrei V. Panteleyev

Late Cretaceous

Coniacian,

Bissekty Formation

 Uzbekistan

An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.

Gargantuavis philoinos [57]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Eric Buffetaut

Jean Le Loeuff

Late Cretaceous

Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian,

Marnes de la Maurine Formation

 France

An Ornithothoraces, this is the type species of the new genus.

Gavia schultzi [58]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jiří Mlíkovský

Middle Miocene

MN 7

 Austria:

 Burgenland

A Gaviidae.

Geronticus balcanicus [59]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Zlatozar N. Boev

Late Pliocene,

MN 18

Slivnica

 Bulgaria

A Threskiornithidae.

Glaucidium explorator [49]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Late Pliocene

Florida

 USA:

 Florida

A Strigidae.

Gracilitarsus mirabilis [60]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Piciformes, Gracilitarsidae G. Mayr, 2001, this is the type species of the new genus.

Hassiavis laticauda [61]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

An Apodiformes, ?Archaeotrogonidae Mourer-Chauviré, 1980, this is the type species of the new genus.

Incolornis silvae [47]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Andrei V. Panteleyev

Late Cretaceous

Coniacian,

Bissekty Formation

 Uzbekistan

An Alexornithidae Brodkorb, 1976, this is the type species of the new genus.

Intulula tinnipara [62]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Jirí Mlíkovský

Early Miocene

MN 2a

 Czech Republic;

 Germany:

 Bavaria

A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Masillacolius brevidactylus [63]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Dieter S. Peters

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Coliidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Messelirrisor halcyrostris [60]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979.

Messelirrisor parvus [60]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

An Upupiformes, Laurillardiidae Harrison, 1979, this is the type species of the new genus.

Mioglaux debellatrix [62]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Jirí Mlíkovský

Early Miocene

MN 3

 Czech Republic

A Strigidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Miopico benimellalensis [60]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Miocene

Beni Mellal

 Morocco

A Miopiconidae G. Mayr, 1998, this is the type species of the new genus.

Palaelodus pledgei [64]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Robert F. Baird

Patricia Vickers Rich

Late Oligocene - Middle Miocene

Etadunna Formation

 Australia:

 South Australia

A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885.

Palaelodus wilsoni [64]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Robert F. Baird

Patricia Vickers Rich

Late Oligocene - Middle Miocene

Etadunna Formation

 Australia:

 South Australia

A Phoenicopteriformes, Palaelodidae Stejneger, 1885.

?Primozygodactylus ballmanni [60]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, not surely a Primozygodactylus.

Primozygodactylus danielsi [60]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971, this is the type species of the new genus.

Primozygodactylus major [60]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Zygodactylidae Brodkorb, 1971.

Pseudastur macrocephalus [65]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A Halcyornithidae Harrison et Walker, 1972. The genus Pseudastur is preoccupied and replaced by Pseudasturides Mayr, 2004, this is the type species of both genera.[66]

Psittacopes lepidus [67]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

ppMichael Daniels

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

A stem Psittaciformes, this is the type species of the new genus.

Quasisyndactylus longibrachis [68]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Gerald Mayr

Middle Eocene

Messel pit,

MP 11

 Germany:

 Hessen

An Alcediniformes Incertae Sedis, this is the type species of the new genus.

Rostratula pulia [69]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Jíří Mlíkovský

Early Miocene

MN 4b

 Czech Republic

A Rostratulidae.

Scolopax hutchensi [49]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Steven D. Emslie

Late Pliocene

Florida

 USA:

 Florida

A Scolopacidae.

Struthio karingarabensis [56]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Brigitte Senut

Yannicke Dauphin

Martin Pickford

Early Miocene

Karingarab

 Namibia

A Struthionidae, eggshells.

Tetrao rhodopensis [70]

Sp. nov.

Valid

Zlatozar N. Boev

Early Pliocene

MN 14

 Bulgaria

A Phasianidae.

Xenopsitta fejfari [71]

Gen. nov. et Sp. nov.

Valid

Jiří Mlíkovský

Early Miocene

MN 3

 Czech Republic

A Psittacidae, this is the type species of the new genus.

Pterosaurs

New taxa

Name Status Authors Notes

"Dendrorhynchus"

Valid

Ji S.-A. Ji Q.

Normannognathus

Valid

Buffetaut Lepage, J.-J. Lepage, G.

References

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  3. ^ Akhmet'ev, M.A.; Golovneva, L.B. (1998). "New data on composition and age of Malomikhailovka flora from the Upper Cretaceous of the Amur River lower courses". Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation. 6 (3): 249–261.
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