Θεσπρωτοί

Η Ήπειρος στην αρχαιότητα

Οι Θεσπρωτοί ήταν σύμφωνα με τον Στράβωνα (Στράβων) ένα από τα 14 αρχαία ελληνικά φύλλα που υπήρχαν στην περιοχή της Ηπείρου και ένα από τα τρία που κυριάρχησαν σε όλη την περιοχή, τα άλλα δύο ήταν οι Χάονες και οι Μολοσσοί. Οι Χάονες στη σημερινή βόρεια ήπειρο ήταν οι πρώτοι που κυριάρχησαν στην περιοχή ακολούθησαν οι Μολοσσοί και οι Θεσπρωτοί. Στα βορειοδυτικά των Θεσπρωτών γειτνίαζαν με τους Χάονες και στα ανατολικά με τους Μολοσσούς. Ο Όμηρος αναφέρεται συχνά στη Θεσπρωτία (τη γη δηλαδή των Θεσπρωτών), οι οποία είχε φιλικές σχέσεις με την Ιθάκη και το Δουλίχι. Ο Πλούταρχος γράφει αντίστοιχα ότι οι Χάονες, οι Μολοσσοί και οι Θεσπρωτοί ήταν τα κύρια Ελληνικά φύλλα στην Ήπειρο, τα ισχυρότερα από όλα τα υπόλοιπα.[1] Ο Στράβων αναφέρει επιπλέον ότι οι Θεσπρωτοί, Μολοσσοί και οι Αρχαίοι Μακεδόνες έλεγαν τους ηλικιωμένους "Πελιοί" και τις ηλικιωμένες "Πελιαί", οι Γερουσιαστές τους είχαν τον τίτλο "Πελιγόνες" παρόμοιο με το Μακεδονικό "Πελιγάνες".[2] Μια επιγραφή από το Γουμανί που χρονολογείται το 2ο μισό του 4ου αιώνα π.χ. αποδεικνύει ότι η οργάνωση των Θεσπρωτών είναι όμοια με αυτήν που είχαν οι υπόλοιποι Ηπειρώτες.[3][4][5] Οι αξιωματούχοι τους είχαν τον τίτλο "Προστάτες" όπως όλα τα υπόλοιπα Ελληνικά φύλλα εκείνη την εποχή.[6] Οι Θεσπρωτοί ανήκαν στο Κοινό των Ηπειρωτών, μέχρι τη στιγμή που υποτάχθηκαν από τους Ρωμαίους μαζί με την υπόλοιπη Ήπειρο.

Μυθολογία

Σύμφωνα με την Τηλεγόνεια (που ανήκει στον Τρωικό Επικό Κύκλο), ο Οδυσσέας επισκέφτηκε τη Θεσπρωτία και παρέμεινε για λίγα χρόνια εκεί. Παντρεύτηκε τη βασίλισσα της Θεσπρωτίας Καλλιδίκη, και έκαναν έναν γιο, τον Πολυποίτη. Ο Οδυσσέας ηγήθηκε των Θεσπρωτών ενάντια των Βρυγών, αλλά έχασε τη μάχη καθώς ο Άρης ο θεός του πολέμου, ήταν με το μέρος των Βρυγών. Η Αθηνά επενέβη υπέρ του Οδυσσέα, προκαλώντας τον Άρη σε μια ακόμη σύγκρουση, τους οποίους σταμάτησε ο Απόλλωνας. Όταν η Καλλιδίκη πέθανε, ο Οδυσσέας επέστρεψε στην Ιθάκη, αφήνοντας τον γιο του Πολυποίτη να βασιλεύσει στη Θεσπρωτία.

Παραπομπές

Πηγές

  • Brock, Roger; Hodkinson, Stephen (2000). Alternatives to Athens: Varieties of Political Organization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Errington, Robert Malcolm (1990). A History of Macedonia. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • Habicht, Christian; Stevenson, Peregrine (2006). The Hellenistic Monarchies: Selected Papers. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
  • Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1994). "CHAPTER 9d. ILLYRIANS AND NORTH-WEST GREEKS". In Lewis, David Malcolm; Boardman, John; Hornblower, Simon; Ostwald, M. (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Fourth Century B.C. VI. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1982). "CHAPTER 40 ILLYRIS, EPIRUS AND MACEDONIA". In Boardman, John; Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (eds.). The Cambridge Ancient History: The Expansion of the Greek World, Eighth to Sixth Centuries B.C. III, Part 3 (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hammond, Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière (1986). A History of Greece to 322 B.C. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Hansen, Mogens Herman; Nielsen, Thomas Heine (2004). An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hornblower, Simon (2002). The Greek World, 479–323 BC. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Horsley, G. H. R. (1987). New Documents Illustrating Early Christianity: A Review of the Greek Inscriptions and Papyri Published in 1979. Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing.
  • Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert (1889). An Intermediate Greek-English Lexicon. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
  • Miller, Stephen Gaylord (2004). Arete: Greek Sports from Ancient Sources. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
  • Wilkes, John (1995) [1992]. The Illyrians. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Limited.

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