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Dieser Artikel führt alle ehemaligen Eisenbahngesellschaften im Vereinigten Königreich auf, die vor der Privatisierung des britischen Eisenbahnwesens im Jahr 1994 bestanden.

Für die heutigen Gesellschaften, siehe Liste von Eisenbahngesellschaften im Vereinigten Königreich. Für die ehemaligen Eisenbahngesellschaften in Irland und Nordirland, siehe Liste irischer Eisenbahngesellschaften.

Staatlich

British Rail entstand 1948 bei der Verstaatlichung der vier großen privaten Eisenbahngesellschaften des Landes, den so genannten „Big Four“ und wurde zwischen 1994 und 1997 schrittweise privatisiert und aufgelöst.

The Big Four

Mit dem Railways Act 1921 wurden die meisten Eisenbahngesellschaften in Großbritannien (und einige in Nordirland) zu vier Gesellschaften vereinigt, „The Big Four“ (die großen Vier) genannt. Diese Maßnahme trat am 1. Januar 1923 in Kraft. In Klammern sind die Streckenlängen der einzelnen Gesellschaften zu diesem Zeitpunkt angegeben.

Great Western Railway

Sieben Gesellschaften, zusätzlich 26 Tochtergesellschaften (fett) oder Betriebsgemeinschaften mit einer Gesamtstreckenlänge von 745 km

Great Western Railway (1835, 4832 km)
- Abbotsbury Railway (1877–1896)
- Abingdon Railway (1855–1904)
- Alcester Railway (1872–1883)
- Avon and Gloucestershire Railway (1828–1865)
- Bala and Dolgelly Railway (1862–1877)
- Bala and Festiniog Railway (1873–1910)
  - Festiniog and Blaenau Railway (1862–1883)
- Banbury and Cheltenham Direct Railway (1873–1897)
- Berkshire and Hampshire Railway (1845–1846) „Berks and Hants Railway“
- Berkshire and Hampshire Extension Railway (1859–1882)
- Birmingham and Henley-in-Arden Railway (1888–1900)
  - Henley-in-Arden and Great Western Junction Railway (1873–1888)
- Birmingham, North Warwickshire and Stratford-upon-Avon Railway (1894–1900)
- Birmingham and Oxford Junction Railway (1846–1848)
  - Birmingham, Wolverhampton and Dudley Railway (1846–1848)
- Bourton-on-the-Water Railway (1860–1874)
- Brecon and Merthyr Tydfil Junction Railway (1859–1922)
- Bridport Railway (1855–1901)
- Bristol and Exeter Railway (1836–1876)
  - Chard and Taunton Railway (1861–1863)
  - Cheddar Valley and Yatton Railway (1865–1876)
  - Exe Valley Railway (1874–1875)
- Bristol Harbour Railway (1866–1876)
- Bristol and Portishead Pier and Railway (1863–1884)
- Bristol and South Wales Union Railway (1857–1868)
- Briton Ferry Floating Dock and Railway (1851–1873)
- Burry Port and Gwendreath Valley Railway (1866–1922)
  - Kidwelly and Burry Port Railway (1865–1866)
- Calne Railway (1860–1892)
- Carmarthen and Cardigan Railway (1854–1881)
- Cheltenham and Great Western Union Railway (1836–1844)
- Cleobury Mortimer and Ditton Priors Light Railway (1901–1922)
- Coleford Railway (1872–1884)
- Coleford, Monmouth, Usk and Pontypool Railway (1853–1881)
  - Monmouth Railway (1810–1853)
- Cornwall Minerals Railway (1873–1896)
  - Lostwithiel and Fowey Railway (1862–1892)
  - Newquay and Cornwall Junction Railway (1864–1874)
  - Treffry Estates Tramway (Newquay Railway, Par Tramway)
- Cornwall Railway (1846–1889)
- Corris Railway (1864–1930)
  - Corris, Machynlleth and River Dovey Tramroad (1858–1864)
- Corwen and Bala Railway (1862–1896)
- Culm Valley Light Railway (1873–1880)
- Devon and Somerset Railway (1864–1901)
- Didcot, Newbury and Southampton Railway (1873–1922)
- East Gloucestershire Railway (1862–1890)
- East Somerset Railway (1856–1874)
- East Usk Railway (1885–1892)
- Ely and Clydach Valleys Railway (1873–1880)
- Ely Valley Railway (1857–1903)
- Exeter Railway (1898–1922)
  - Exeter, Teign Valley and Chagford Railway (1883–1898)
- Faringdon Railway (1860–1886)
- Forest of Dean Central Railway (1856–1922)
- Gloucester and Dean Forest Railway (1846–1874)
- Golden Valley Railway (1876–1899)
- Great Marlow Railway (1868–1897)
- Great Western and Brentford Railway (1855–1872)
- Great Western and Uxbridge Railway (1846–1847)
- Gwendraeth Valleys Railway (1866–1922)
- Hall’s Tramroad (1805–1877)
- Helston Railway (1880–1898)
- Hereford, Ross and Gloucester Railway (1851–1862)
- Kingsbridge and Salcombe Railway (1882–1888)
- Kington and Eardisley Railway (1862–1897)
  - Kington Tramway (1818–1862)
- Lambourn Valley Light Railway (1898–1905)
- Lampeter, Aberayron and New Quay Light Railway (1906–1922)
- Leominster and Bromyard Railway (1874–1888)
- Leominster and Kington Railway (1854–1898)
- Liskeard and Caradon Railway (1843–1909)
- Liskeard and Looe Railway (1858–1922)
- Llanelly Railway and Dock (1828–1889)
- Llanelly and Mynydd Mawr Railway (1875–1922)
  - Carmarthenshire Railway (1802–1844)
- Llangollen and Corwen Railway (1860–1896)
- Llynvi and Ogmore Railway (1866–1883)
  - Cardiff and Ogmore Railway (1873–1876)
  - Ogmore Valley Railways (1863–1866)
    - Ely Valley Extension Railway (1863–1865)
  - Llynvi Valley Railway (1846–1866)
    - Bridgend Railway (1828–1854)
    - Dyffryn Llynfi and Porthcawl Railway (1825–1847)
- Malmesbury Railway (1872–1880)
- Manchester and Milford Railway (1860–1911)
- Marlborough Railway (1861–1896)
- Midland and South Western Junction Railway (1884–1922)
  - Marlborough and Grafton Railway (1896–1899)
- Milford Railway (1856–1896)
- Minehead Railway (1871–1897)
- Mitcheldean Road and Forest of Dean Junction Railway (1871–1880)
- Monmouthshire Railway and Canal (1845–1880)
  - Blaenavon Tramroad (1792–1845)
- Much Wenlock and Severn Junction Railway (1862–1896)
- Nantwich and Market Drayton Railway (1861–1897)
- Neath and Brecon Railway (1864–1921)
  - Dulas Valley Mineral Railway (1862–1864)
- Newent Railway (1873–1892)
- North Pembrokeshire and Fishguard Railway (1884–1898)
  - Narberth Road and Maenclochog Railway (1872–1884)
  - Rosebush and Fishguard Railway (1881–1884)
- Oldbury Railway (1881–1894)
  - Dudley and Oldbury Junction Railway (1873–1881)
- Port Talbot Railway and Docks
  - Cefn and Pyle Railway (1798–1896)
  - South Wales Mineral Railway
- Princeton Railway
- Rhondda and Swansea Bay Railway
- Ross and Monmouth Railway
- Shrewsbury and Birmingham Railway
- Shrewsbury and Chester Railway
  - North Wales Mineral Railway (1844–1846)
- South Devon Railway
  - Buckfastleigh, Totnes and South Devon Railway (1864–1897)
  - Dartmouth and Torbay Railway (1857–1866)
  - Launceston and South Devon Railway (1862–1869)
  - Moretonhampstead and South Devon Railway (1862–1872)
  - South Devon and Tavistock Railway
- South Wales Railway
  - Forest of Dean Railway (1826–1847)
    - Bullo Pill Tramway (1806–1826)
- Teign Valley Railway
- Vale of Neath Railway
  - Aberdare Valley Railway (1855–1864)
- West Cornwall Railway
  - Hayle Railway (1834–1846)
- West Midland Railway, gebildet aus
  - Newport, Abergavenny and Hereford Railway (1846–1860)
    - Grosmont Railway (1812–1846)
    - Hereford Railway (1826–1846)
    - Llanvihangel Railway (1811–1846)
  - Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway
    - Chipping Norton Railway (1854–1859)
  - Worcester and Hereford Railway
- West Somerset Railway
- Wiltshire, Somerset and Weymouth Railway
- Wycombe Railway
Alexandra (Newport and South Wales) Docks and Railway (1882–1922)
- Alexandra (Newport) Docks Company (1865–1882; 17 km)
- Pontypridd, Caerphilly and Newport Railway (1878–1882)
Barry Railway (1891–1922, 109 km)
- Barry Dock and Railway (1865–1891)
- Vale of Glamorgan Railway
Cambrian Railways (1864–1922, 475 km)
- Aberystwith and Welsh Coast Railway (1861–1866)
- Llanidloes and Newtown Railway (1859–1864)
- Mawddwy Railway (1865–1923)
- Mid-Wales Railway (1859–1904)
- Newtown and Machynlleth Railway (1857–1864)
- Oswestry, Ellesmere and Whitchurch Railway
- Oswestry and Newtown Railway
- Tanat Valley Light Railway
- Vale of Rheidol Railway
- Van Railway
- Welshpool and Llanfair Light Railway
- Wrexham and Ellesmere Railway
Cardiff Railway (1897–1922)
- Bute Docks Company (1886–1897)
Rhymney Railway (1854, 82 km)
Taff Vale Railway (1836, 200 km)
- Aberdare Railway (1845–1902)
- Cowbridge Railway (1862–1889)
- Cowbridge and Aberthaw Railway (1889–1894)
- Dare Valley Railway (1863–1889)
- Llantrisant and Taff Vale Junction Railway (1861–1889)
- Penarth Extension Railway
- Penarth Harbour, Dock and Railway

London and North Eastern Railway

Sieben Hauptgesellschaften und drei kleinere Gesellschaften, zusätzlich 23 Tochtergesellschaften oder Betriebsgemeinschaften mit einer Gesamtstreckenlänge von 499 km

Colne Valley and Halstead Railway (31 km)
East and West Yorkshire Union Railway (15 km)
Great Central Railway (1371 km)
Mid-Suffolk Light Railway (31 km)
Great Eastern Railway (1862, 1916 km)
Great Northern Railway (1846, 1690 km)
Hull and Barnsley Railway (171 km)
- South Yorkshire Junction Railway
North Eastern Railway (1854, 2826 km)
Great North of Scotland Railway (1846, 538 km)
North British Railway (1844, 2216 km)

Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway (Gemeinsames Unternehmen von MR und GNR, zum 1. Oktober 1936 vollständig zur LNER)
Nottingham Joint Station Committee gemeinsamer Betrieb des Bahnhofes Nottingham Victoria durch GCR & GNR
West Riding Railway Committee gemeinsamer Betrieb der West Riding and Grimsby Joint Railway durch GCR & GNR

London, Midland and Scottish Railway

Zehn Hauptgesellschaften, sieben kleinere Gesellschaften und zusätzlich 19 Tochtergesellschaften oder Betriebsgemeinschaften mit einer Gesamtstreckenlänge von 915 km

London and North Western Railway (1846 gebildet aus 45 unabhängigen Gesellschaften, 4289 km)
- Charnwood Forest Railway (17 km)
- Chester and Holyhead Railway
- Cromford and High Peak Railway
- Dearne Valley Railway (34 km)
- Grand Junction Railway
  - Chester and Crewe Railway
  - Liverpool and Manchester Railway
- Kendal and Windermere Railway
- Lancaster and Carlisle Railway
- London and Birmingham Railway
- Harborne Railway (4 km)
- Manchester and Birmingham Railway
- Mold and Denbigh Junction Railway (24 km)
- Shropshire Union Railways and Canal Company (47 km, teilweise gemeinsam mit der Great Western Railway)
- Watford and Rickmansworth Railway
Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway (1847-Fusion bereits am 1. Januar 1922)
Furness Railway (1846, 254 km)
- Ulverston and Lancaster Railway
- Coniston Railway
Midland Railway (1844, 3490 km)
North Staffordshire Railway (355 km)
- Leek and Manifold Valley Light Railway (13 km, Schmalspur)
Caledonian Railway (1792 km)
- Arbroath and Forfar Railway (24 km)
- Brechin and Edzell District Railway (10 km)
- Callander and Oban Railway (161 km)
- Cathcart District Railway
- Dundee and Newtyle Railway (23 km)
- Glasgow, Garnkirk and Coatbridge Railway
- Killin Railway (8 km)
- Lanarkshire and Ayrshire Railway (58 km)
- Scottish Central Railway
- Scottish North Eastern Railway
- Solway Junction Railway (20 km)
- Wishaw and Coltness Railway
Glasgow and South Western Railway (1850, 793 km)
Highland Railway (1865, 814 km)
Cleator and Workington Junction Railway (49 km)
Cockermouth, Keswick and Penrith Railway (49 km)
Knott End Railway (19 km)
Maryport and Carlisle Railway (1845)
North London Railway (26 km)
Stratford-upon-Avon and Midland Junction Railway (109 km)
Wirral Railway (22 km)

Gesellschaften im gemeinsamen Besitz von Bahngesellschaften:

mehrere Teilhaber:
- North and South Western Junction Railway (8 km, gemeinsamer Besitz von L&NWR, NLR und MR)
- Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railway (132 km, gemeinsamer Besitz von L&NWR, MR, CR und G&SWR)
- Carlisle Citadel Station and Goods Traffic Joint Committees

LNWR und MR:
- Ashby and Nuneaton Railway (47 km)
- Enderby Railway (4 km)

LNWR und L&YR:
- Lancashire and Yorkshire and Lancashire Union Joint Railway (21 km)
- North Union Railway (10 km)
- Preston and Longridge Railway (13 km)
- Preston and Wyre Railway (74 km)

FR und MR:
- Furness and Midland Railway (16 km)

FR und LNWR:
- Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Joint Railway (56 km)

CalR und G&SWR:
- Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock Joint Railway (48 km)
- Glasgow and Paisley Joint Railway (23 km)

Southern Railway

Vier Hauptgesellschaften, vier weitere kleinere Gesellschaften und zehn Tochtergesellschaften oder Betriebsgemeinschaften mit einer Gesamtstreckenlänge von 577 km