Laufspinnen

Laufspinnen

Philodromus cespitum

Systematik
Klasse: Spinnentiere (Arachnida)
Ordnung: Webspinnen (Araneae)
Unterordnung: Echte Webspinnen (Araneomorphae)
Teilordnung: Entelegynae
Überfamilie: Thomisoidea
Familie: Laufspinnen
Wissenschaftlicher Name
Philodromidae
Thorell, 1870

Die Laufspinnen (Philodromidae) sind eine Familie der Echten Webspinnen (Araneomorphae), die vorwiegend warme Klimate der Subtropen bewohnen. Verbreitungsschwerpunkt der meist flachen, schlanken und beweglichen Tiere ist Südamerika. Die Familie umfasst 29 Gattungen und 529 Arten.[1] (Stand: Juni 2024)

Beschreibung

Im Gegensatz zu den Krabbenspinnen, von denen sie durch Heinrich Homann 1975 unterschieden wurden, besitzen sie vier gleich lange Beinpaare. Das zweite Beinpaar kann etwas länger als die übrigen sein. Sie lauern ihrer Beute auch nicht wie die Krabbenspinnen auf, sondern fangen sie in einem raschen Lauf. Sie weben keine Fangnetze und einige noch nicht einmal Wohnröhren, Häutungsplätze oder Winterquartiere.

Die in Mitteleuropa heimischen Arten der Gattungen Philodromus, Thanatus und Tibellus sind an ihrer Körperform und Augenstellung zu unterscheiden. Tibellus ähnelt den Eigentlichen Streckerspinnen (Tetragnatha).

Systematik

Ebo pepinensis, Weibchen
Philodromus fuscomarginatus
Tibellus oblongus mit einer Frühen Adonislibelle (Pyrrhosoma nymphula) als Beute

Die artenreichsten der 29 Gattungen sind Philodromus mit 216 Arten, Thanatus mit etwa 98 Arten und Tibellus mit 53 Arten.[1] Bekannt und verbreitet ist in Mitteleuropa vor allem Tibellus oblongus.

Der World Spider Catalog listet für die Laufspinnen 29 Gattungen und 529 Arten.[1] (Stand: Juni 2024)

Literatur

  • Stefan Heimer, Wolfgang Nentwig: Spinnen Mitteleuropas. Paul Parey Verlag Berlin, 1991. ISBN 3-489-53534-0
  • Heinrich Homann: Die Stellung der Thomisidae und der Philodromidae im System der Aranea. Z. Morph. Tiere 80 (1975) 201.
  • Rainer F. Foelix: Biologie der Spinnen. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart, 1979. ISBN 3-13-575801-X

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ a b c Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern: World Spider Catalog Version 17.5 – Philodromidae. Abgerufen am 23. Dezember 2016.
Commons: Laufspinnen (Philodromidae) – Sammlung von Bildern und Videos

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