Galloanserae

Klasse:	Vögel (Aves)
	Pygostylia
	Ornithurae
	Neornithes
Unterklasse:	Neukiefervögel (Neognathae)
	Galloanserae

Wissenschaftlicher Name

Galloanserae

Sibley, Ahlquist & Monroe, 1988^[1]

Ordnungen

Gänsevögel (Anseriformes)
Hühnervögel (Galliformes)

Die Galloanserae (Lat. Gallus = „Hahn“ und Anser = „Gans“) sind neben den Neoaves eine von zwei Großgruppen der Neukiefervögel und beinhalten die namensgebenden Ordnungen der Hühnervögel (Galliformes) und Gänsevögel (Anseriformes) sowie ausgestorbene Gruppen, die mit ihnen näher verwandt sind als mit den Neoaves, darunter möglicherweise die Pelagornithidae^[2] und die Gastornithidae.^[3] Die Jungen der Galloanserae sind Nestflüchter.

Gemeinsame abgeleitete osteologische Merkmale der Hühnervögel und Gänsevögel liegen im Schädel vor: Die Basipterygoid-Fortsätze sind eiförmig und festsitzend, das Quadratum weist nur zwei Mandibulargelenkknorren auf und der Unterkiefer zeigt lange klingenförmige Retroartikularfortsätze.^[4] Des Weiteren belegen beinahe alle Analysen molekularer Daten (z. B. mitochondrieller DNA; DNA des Zellkerns; DNA-DNA-Hybridisierung) die nahe Verwandtschaft beider Gruppen.^[1]^[5]^[6]

Erste Belege für galloanserine Vögel stellen wahrscheinlich Skelettfunde der späten Kreidezeit dar, die als Palintropus, Vegavis und Austinornis beschrieben wurden.^[4]^[7]

Im März 2020 beschrieben belgische Wissenschaftler einen taubengroßen 66,7 Millionen Jahre alten fossilen Vogel (Asteriornis maastrichtensis), der Merkmale von Gänsen und Hühnern zeigt.^[8]

Systematik

Die Galloanserae zeigen nach der Review-Arbeit von Mayr (2009) folgende Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse (ergänzt um Ichthyornis und die Carinatae nach Benton, 2005):^[4]^[9]

Carinatae

Neornithes

Neukiefervögel

Galloanserae

Anserimorphae

	? Gastornithidae

	? Dromornithidae

	Gänsevögel
Vorlage:Klade/Wartung/3

Belege

↑ ^a ^b C. G. Sibley, J.E. Ahlquist, B. L. Monroe: A classification of the living birds of the world based on DNA-DNA hybridization studies. Auk 105, 1988, S. 409–423.
↑ E. Bourdon: Osteological evidence for sister group relationship between pseudo-toothed birds (Aves: Odontopterygiformes) and waterfowls (Anseriformes). Naturwissenschaften 92, 2005, S. 586–591.
↑ A. Andors: Reappraisal of the Eocene groundbird Diatryma (Aves: Anserimorphae). In: K. E. Campbell (Hrsg.): Papers in avian paleontology honoring Pierce Brodkorb. National History Museum of Los Angeles City Science Series 36, S. 109–125, 1992.
↑ ^a ^b ^c G. Mayr: Paleogene fossil birds. Springer, Berlin / Heidelberg, 2009, 262 S., ISBN 3540896279
↑ C. G. Sibley, J.E. Ahlquist: Phylogeny and classification of birds: a study in molecular evolution. Yale University Press, New Haven, 1990.
↑ P. G. P. Ericson, C. L. Anderson, T. Britton, A. Elzanowski, U. S. Johansson, M. Kallersjo, J. I. Ohlson, T. J. Parsons, D. Zuccon, G. Mayr: Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils. Biological Letters 2 (4), 2006, S. 543–547. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523.
↑ S. Hope: The Mesozoic radiation of Neornithes. In: Chiappe, L. & Witmer, L. (eds.), Mesozoic Birds: Above the Heads of Dinosaurs, 2002, S. 339–388.
↑ Field, Daniel J.; Benito, Juan; Chen, Albert; Jagt, John W. M.; Ksepka, Daniel T. (18 March 2020). Late Cretaceous neornithine from Europe illuminates the origins of crown birds. Nature. 579 (7799): 397–401. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2096-0. ISSN 1476-4687.
↑ M. J. Benton: 'Vertebrate Palaeontology. 3rd edition, Blackwell, Oxford, 2005, 455 S. ISBN 0-632-05637-1

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