Chromatiales

Chromatiales
Systematik
Klassifikation: Lebewesen
Domäne: Bakterien (Bacteria)
Abteilung: Pseudomonadota
Klasse: Gammaproteobacteria
Ordnung: Chromatiales
Wissenschaftlicher Name
Chromatiales
Imhoff 2005
Familien

Die Chromatiales bilden eine Ordnung innerhalb der Gammaproteo­bakterien. Wie alle Proteobakterien (Pseudomonadota) sind die Arten dieser Ordnung gramnegativ. Die beiden Familien Chromatiaceae und Ectothiorhodospiraceae gehören zur nicht-taxonomischen Gruppe der Schwefelpurpurbakterien: aus Schwefelwasserstoff bilden sie durch Oxidation Sulfat.

Merkmale

Viele Bakterien dieser Ordnung besitzen die Fähigkeit zur Photosynthese. Sie sind anaerob oder mikroaerophil und kommen in Schwefelquellen und sauerstoffarmem Wasser vor. Anders als Pflanzen oder Algen verwenden sie nicht Wasser als Reduktions-Mittel und produzieren daher keinen Sauerstoff. Stattdessen wird Schwefelwasserstoff zu elementarem Schwefel oxidiert. Somit zählen zu den phototrophen Schwefelpurpurbakterien. Arten der Familie Halothiobacillaceae sind nicht in der Lage Energie über die Photosynthese zu gewinnen.

Arten von Chromatiaceae und Ectothiorhodospiraceae lassen sich durch die aus der Oxidation gebildeten kleinen Körnchen (Globuli) aus elementaren Schwefel unterscheiden. Vertreter von Chromatiaceae lagern sie innerhalb, Arten von Ectothiorhodospiraceae außerhalb der Zelle ab. Bei den Ectothiorhodospiraceae, wie auch den Halothiobacillaceae findet man halophile (salzliebende) und alkaliphile Arten. Alkaliphile Bakterien leben in Umgebungen mit hohem pH-Wert. Die Art Ectothiorhodospira haloalkaliphila erreicht das optimale Wachstum bei pH-Werten zwischen 8,5 und 10,0.

Systematik

Eine Liste der 6 Familien mit einigen Gattungen (Stand Januar 2019):[1]

  • AquichromatiaceaeYang et al. 2017
    • AquichromatiumYang et al. 2017
  • Halorhodospiraceae Imhoff et al. 2023
    • HalochlorospiraImhoff et al. 2022
    • Halorhodospira Imhoff & Süling 1997
  • Thioprofundaceae Kojima et al. 2017
    • Sulfurivermis Kojima et al. 2017
    • Thioprofundum Takai et al. 2010

Möglicherweise stehen mehrere der Gattungen der Chromatiaceae in Wirklichkeit dieser Gruppe näher und könnten künftig hierher verschoben werden.[18] In silva ist die Familie Ectothiorhodospiraceae in eine eigene Ordnung Ectothiorhodospirales innerhalb der Gammaproteobacteria gestellt.[20]

Quellen

  1. J.P. Euzéby: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in NomenclatureChromatiales (Stand 28. Oktober 2023)
  2. silva: Sedimenticolacea (bitte in der linken Spalte auf den Hyperlink „Sedimenticolaceae“ gehen).
  3. Sedimenticola. In: LPSN.
  4. Sedimenticola. In: www.uniprot.org. (englisch, uniprot.org).
  5. Taxonomy of the genus Sedimenticola Narasingarao and Häggblom 2006 emend. Flood et al. 2015. In: NamesforLive. doi:10.1601/tx.10429 (englisch).
  6. a b Bertram Hausl: Genome diversity and free-living lifestyle of chemoautotrophic lucinid symbionts. Masterarbeit an der Universität Wien: Molekulare Mikrobiologie, Mikrobielle Ökologie und Immunbiologie, 2017 (englisch).
  7. Charles Thomas Parker, George M. Garrity: Taxonomy of the species Sedimenticola selenatireducens Narasingarao and Häggblom 2006 emend. Flood et al. 2015. In: NamesforLive. 2008, doi:10.1601/tx.11019 (englisch).
  8. Details: DSM-17993. In: dmsz. (dsmz.de).
  9. P. Narasingarao, M. M. Häggblom: Sedimenticola selenatireducens, gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic selenate-respiring bacterium isolated from estuarine sediment. In: Systematic and Applied Microbiology. 29. Jahrgang, Nr. 5, Juli 2006, S. 382–388, doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2005.12.011, PMID 16427757 (englisch).
  10. Charles Thomas Parker, George M. Garrity: Taxonomy of the species Sedimenticola thiotaurini Flood et al. 2015. In: NamesforLife. 2008, doi:10.1601/tx.27073 (englisch).
  11. Details: DSM-28581. In: dmsz. (dsmz.de).
  12. B. E. Flood, D. S. Jones, J. V. Bailey: Sedimenticola thiotaurini sp. nov., a sulfur-oxidizing bacterium isolated from salt marsh sediments, and emended descriptions of the genus Sedimenticola and Sedimenticola selenatireducens. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 65. Jahrgang, Nr. 8, August 2015, S. 2522​–2530, doi:10.1099/ijs.0.000295, PMID 25944805 (englisch).
  13. NCBI: Sedimenticola (genus).
  14. LPSN: Genus "Candidatus Thiodiazotropha".
  15. NCBI: Candidatus Thiodiazotropha (genus).
  16. Sten König, Olivier Gros, Stefan E. Heiden, Tjorven Hinzke, Andrea Thürmer, Anja Poehlein, Susann Meyer, Magalie Vatin, Didier Mbéguié-A-Mbéguié, Jennifer Tocny, Ruby Ponnudurai, Rolf Daniel, Dörte Becher, Thomas Schweder, Stephanie Markert: Nitrogen fixation in a chemoautotrophic lucinid symbiosis. In: Nature Microbiology, Band 2, Nr. 16193, 24. Oktober 2016; doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.193, PMID 27775698 (englisch).
  17. Jay T. Osvatic, Laetitia G. E. Wilkins, Lukas Leibrecht, Matthieu Leray, Sarah Zauner, Julia Polzin, Yolanda Camacho, Olivier Gros, Jan A. van Gils, Jonathan A. Eisen, Jillian M. Petersen, Benedict Yuen: Global biogeography of chemosynthetic symbionts reveals both localized and globally-distributed symbiont groups. In: PNAS, Band 118, Nr. 29, 16. Juli 2021, e2104378118; doi:10.1073/pnas.2104378118 (englisch). Dazu:
  18. a b Jillian M. Petersen, Anna Kemper, Harald Gruber-Vodicka, Ulisse Cardini, Matthijs van der Geest, Manuel Kleiner, Silvia Bulgheresi, Marc Mußmann, Craig Herbold, Brandon K. B. Seah, Chakkiath Paul Antony, Dan Liu, Alexandra Belitz, Miriam Weber: Chemosynthetic symbionts of marine invertebrate animals are capable of nitrogen fixation, in: Nature Microbiology, Band 2, Nr. 16195 (2017), 24. Oktober 2016; doi:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.195 (englisch).
  19. Jay Osvatic, Jennifer Windisch, Benedict Yuen, Benedict, Bertram Hausl, Julia Polzin, Jillian Petersen: Chemosymbiotic lucinid clams modify the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of marine sediments globally. In: EGU General Assembly, 4.–8. Mai 2020, EGU2020-19150; doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-19150. Abstract (englisch).
  20. silva: Proteobacteria ► Gammaproteobacteria ►Ectothiorhodospirales ► Ectothiorhodospiraceae.

Literatur

  • Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock – Mikrobiologie. 11. Auflage. Pearson Studium, München 2006, ISBN 3-8274-0566-1.
  • George M. Garrity: Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. 2. Auflage. Springer, New York 2005, Volume 2: The Proteobacteria, Part B: The Gammaproteobacteria (englisch).

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