Venstrepopulisme

Demonstration i Italien for det venstrepopulistiske parti Femstjernebevægelsen.

Venstrepopulisme er en politisk ideologi, der kombinerer venstreorienteret politik med populistisk retorik og populistiske emner. Venstrepopulistisk retorik består ofte af anti-elitære følelser, modstand mod systemet og et forsvar for "almindelige mennesker".[1] Vigtige temaer for venstrepopulister omfatter normalt antikapitalisme, social retfærdighed, pacifisme og anti-globalisering, hvorimod henvisning til klassesamfund eller socialistisk teori ikke er så vigtig som for de traditionelle venstrefløjspartier.[2] Kritikken af kapitalisme og globalisering er ofte knyttet til en anti-amerikanisme, som er blevet stærkere blandt venstrepopulister som følge af USA's militære operationer, især i Mellemøsten.[3] Venstrepopulismen hvilker typisk på egalitære idealer.[1] Nogle forskere har beskæftiget sig med nationalistiske venstreorienterede populistiske bevægelser, f.eks. Kemalismen i Tyrkiet.[4] For venstrepopulistiske partier, der støtter mindretalsrettigheder, har udtrykket "inklusiv populisme" været anvendt.[5]

Fremkomsten af det græske Syriza og det spanske parti Podemos under den europæiske gældskrise har medført øget debat om den nye venstrepopulisme i Europa.[6][7]

Demokratiforskeren lektor Mogens Herman Hansen har karakteriseret partierne Femstjernebevægelsen i Italien og Podemos i Spanien samt de tidligere latinamerikanske præsidenter Hugo Chávez i Venezuela og Evo Morales i Bolivia som venstrepopulistiske. Derimod opfatter han ikke det græske parti Syriza som egentlig populistisk, selvom det ofte betegnes som sådant.[8]


Se også

Kilder

  1. ^ a b Albertazzi og McDonnell, p. 123.
  2. ^ Zaslove, Andrej (juni 2008). "Here to Stay? Populism as a New Party Type". European Review. 16 (03): 319-336. doi:10.1017/S1062798708000288. {{cite journal}}: Mere end en |DOI= og |doi= angivet (hjælp)
  3. ^ Hartleb, Florian (2004). Rechts- und Linkspopulismus. Eine Fallstudie anhand von Schill-Partei und PDS [Right and left populism. A case study based on Schill Party and PDS] (tysk). Wiesbaden. s. 162.
  4. ^ Ozel, Soli (april 2003). "After the tsunami". Journal of Democracy. 14 (2): 80-94. doi:10.1353/jod.2003.0043. {{cite journal}}: Mere end en |DOI= og |doi= angivet (hjælp)
  5. ^ Mudde, C. Antonio; Rovira Kaltwasser, C. (2013). "Exclusionary vs. inclusionary populism: comparing contemporary Europe and Latin America". Government and Opposition. 48 (2): 147-174. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= kræver at |url= også er angivet (hjælp); Mere end en |accessdate= og |access-date= angivet (hjælp)
  6. ^ Mudde, Cas (17. februar 2015). "The problem with populism". The Guardian. Hentet 22. juni 2015.
  7. ^ Zabala, Santiago (2. december 2014). "In Europe, not all populist parties are the same". AlJazeera. Hentet 22. juni 2015.
  8. ^ Hansen, Mogens Herman: Hvordan forvrænger populismen demokratiet? 1. udgave 2017, Informations Forlag. ISBN 978-87-7514-577-5.

Litteratur

  • Albertazzi, Daniele; McDonnell, Duncan (2008). Twenty-First Century Populism. Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 9780230013490.

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