Moderne kunst

Vincent van Gogh, Courtesan (after Eisen) (1887), Van Gogh-museet

Moderne kunst er et begreb, der dækker kunstværker fremstillet i perioden fra ca. 1860 til 1970, og en betegnelse for den stil og filosofi, der prægede kunst produceret i denne periode. [1] Selvom moderne skulptur og arkitektur er opstået i slutningen af 1800-tallet, henføres fødslen af moderne kunst ofte til 1863, i det år, hvor Édouard Manet udstillede Le a sur lherbe i Paris.[2] Udtrykket forbindes ofte med kunst, der har brudt med tidligere traditioner i en eksperimenterende kontekst.[3] Som udløber af de moderne kunstneriske produktioner opstod de retninger, der betegnes postmoderne kunst.

Moderne kunst begynder med kulturarven fra malere som Vincent van Gogh, Paul Cézanne og Paul Gauguin. I begyndelsen af det tyvende århundrede chokerede Henri Matisse, Maurice de Vlaminck og flere andre unge kunstnere kunstkendere, især i Paris med "vilde", flerfarvede, udtryksfulde landskaber og figurative malerier, den såkaldte fauvisme. Henri Matisses' begyndende fascination af primitiv kunst ses i hans maleriers intense varme, i farvevalget og i det følelsesmæssige præg af frigørelse og hedonisme.[4]

Oprindelig var Pablo Picasso under indflydelse af Gauguin og andre fornyere; han malede sine første kubistiske malerier baseret på Cézannes idé om, at alle skildringer af naturen kan føres tilbage til til tre former: kuben, kuglen og keglen. På denne baggrund udvikledes den analytiske kubisme af Picasso og Georges Braque. Moderne kunst nævnes som et begreb, der er tæt forbundet med modernisme, men med væsentlige forskydninger i tid, form og udtryk mellem disse retninger.

Efter 1. verdenskrig delte moderne kunst sig i en række forskellige stilarter, hvilket bidrager til vanskelighederne med nærmere at definere begrebet. I Danmark er Louisiana indehaver af mere end 3000 emner indenfor moderne kunst, blandt andet af de danske kunstnere Asger Jorn og Per Kirkeby.[5]

Eksempler på moderne skulptur- og malerkunst

Noter

  1. ^ Atkins 1990, s. 102.
  2. ^ Arnason 1998, s. 17.
  3. ^ Gombrich 1958, p. 419.
  4. ^ Russell T. Clement. Four French Symbolists. Greenwood Press, 1996, s. 114
  5. ^ Louisiana – museum for moderne kunst

Referencer

  • Arnason, H. Harvard. 1998. History of Modern Art: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Photography. Fourth Edition, rev. by Marla F. Prather, after the third edition, revised by Daniel Wheeler. New York: Harry N. Abrams, Inc. ISBN 0-8109-3439-6; Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-13-183313-8; London: Thames & Hudson. ISBN 0-500-23757-3 [Fifth edition, revised by Peter Kalb, Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall; London: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2004. ISBN 0-13-184069-X]
  • Atkins, Robert. 1990. Artspeak: A Guide to Contemporary Ideas, Movements, and Buzzwords. New York: Abbeville Press. ISBN 1-55859-127-3
  • Cahoone, Lawrence E. 1996. From Modernism to Postmodernism: An Anthology. Cambridge, Mass: Blackwell. ISBN 1-55786-603-1
  • Cogniat, Raymond. 1975. Pissarro. New York: Crown. ISBN 0-517-52477-5.
  • Corinth, Lovis, Peter-Klaus Schuster, Lothar Brauner, Christoph Vitali, and Barbara Butts. 1996. Lovis Corinth. Munich and New York: Prestel. ISBN 3-7913-1682-6
  • Frascina, Francis, and Charles Harrison (eds.) 1982. Modern Art and Modernism: A Critical Anthology. Published in association with The Open University. London: Harper and Row, Ltd. Reprinted, London: Paul Chapman Publishing, Ltd.
  • Frazier, Nancy. 2001. The Penguin Concise Dictionary of Art History. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-051420-1
  • Gombrich, E. H. 1958. The Story of Art. London: Phaidon. OCLC 220078463
  • Mullins, Charlotte. 2006. Painting People: Figure Painting Today. New York: D.A.P. ISBN 978-1-933045-38-2

Litteratur

  • Adams, Hugh. 1979. Modern Painting. [Oxford]: Phaidon Press. ISBN 0-7148-1984-0 (cloth) ISBN 0-7148-1920-4 (pbk)
  • Childs, Peter. 2000. Modernism. London and New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-19647-7 (cloth) ISBN 0-415-19648-5 (pbk)
  • Crouch, Christopher. 2000. Modernism in Art Design and Architecture. New York: St. Martins Press. ISBN 0-312-21830-3 (cloth) ISBN 0-312-21832-X (pbk)
  • Dempsey, Amy. 2002. Art in the Modern Era: A Guide to Schools and Movements. New York: Harry A. Abrams. ISBN 0-8109-4172-4
  • Hunter, Sam, John Jacobus, and Daniel Wheeler. 2004. Modern Art. Revised and Updated 3rd Edition. New York: The Vendome Press [Pearson/Prentice Hall]. ISBN 0-13-189565-6 (cloth) 0-13-150519-X (pbk)
  • Kolocotroni, Vassiliki, Jane Goldman, and Olga Taxidou (eds.). 1998. Modernism: An Anthology of Sources and Documents. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-45073-2 (cloth) ISBN 0-226-45074-0 (pbk)
  • Ozenfant, Amédée. 1952. Foundations of Modern Art. New York: Dover Publications. OCLC 536109
  • Read, Herbert and Benedict. 1975. A Concise History of Modern Painting. Thames and Hudson. ISBN 978-0-500-20141-1
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