Tân yn Llŷn

Tân yn Llŷn
Enghraifft o:llosgi bwriadol Edit this on Wikidata
Dyddiad8 Medi 1936 Edit this on Wikidata
Cysylltir gydaPenyberth Edit this on Wikidata
Map
RhanbarthGwynedd Edit this on Wikidata

Defnyddir yr ymadrodd Tân yn Llŷn am y weithred o losgi'r Ysgol Fomio ym Mhenyberth, ffermdy hynafol ger Penrhos, Pwllheli, ar 8 Medi 1936 gan D. J. Williams, Lewis Valentine, a Saunders Lewis. Ar ôl gweithredu, aeth y tri i orsaf yr heddlu i ddweud wrthyn nhw beth oeddan nhw wedi wneud.

Cefndir

Clawr y bamffled Coelcerth Rhyddid a gyhoeddwyd gan Blaid Genedlaethol Cymru yn 1937 i groesawu'r "Tri" nôl i Gymru ar 27 Awst yn y flwyddyn honno, wedi iddyn nhw gael eu rhyddhau o garchar Wormwood Scrubs

Roedd y llywodraeth Brydeinig eisiau adeiladu ysgol fomio, canolfan i hyfforddi peilotiaid i ollwng bomiau o'r awyr, ac eisoes wedi ceisio codi un yn Northumberland ac yn Dorset ond fe ildiodd i brotestiadau a dadleuon gan naturiaethwyr a hynafiaethwyr lleol a hefyd ledled Lloegr. Roedd gwrthwynebiad i adeiladu'r ysgol fomio yng Nghymru hefyd ar seiliau heddychaeth, diwylliannol ac amgylcheddol, ond fe roddodd Saunders Lewis y lle blaenaf i genedlaetholdeb. Gwrthododd y Prif Weinidog hyd yn oed dderbyn dirprwyaeth Gymreig, yn gwbl groes i'w agwedd tuag at y protestiadau yn Lloegr.

Ffermdy cyffredin oedd Penyberth i'r awdurdodau Prydeinig, ond i'r Cymry diwylliedig roedd ganddo le arbennig fel plasdy a fu'n gartref i lenyddiaeth a diwylliant Cymraeg yn Llŷn. Ganed y reciwsant o Gymro ac awdur Cymraeg Robert Gwyn (tua 1540/1550 - 1592/1604) ym Mhenyberth. Cred rhai ysgolheigion mai ef yn lle ei gymrodor Gruffydd Robert oedd awdur Y Drych Cristianogawl, y llyfr cyntaf i gael ei gyhoeddi yng Nghymru. Roedd yn fab i Siôn Wyn ap Thomas Gruffudd o Benyberth a'i wraig Catrin.

Yr achos llys

Methodd y rheithgor ddod i benderfyniad yn y prawf yng Nghaernarfon a bu rhaid cael achos arall yn Lloegr, yn yr Old Bailey yn Llundain, lle y cafwyd nhw yn euog ac fe ddedfrydwyd y tri i naw mis o garchar. Pan gawsant eu rhyddhau ar 27 Awst 1937 roedd torf o dros bymtheg mil ar y Maes yng Nghaernarfon yn ei croesawu yn ôl i Gymru.

Cyhoeddwyd pamffled enwog Paham y Llosgasom yr Ysgol Fomio (1937) gan y blaid i ddathlu rhyddhau "Y Tri"; ystyrir annerchiad gwleidyddol Saunders Lewis yn y llyfryn yn un o'i bwysicaf. Cyhoeddwyd pamffled arall, Coelcerth Rhyddid yn ogystal, i'w dosbarthu i'r cefnogwyr a'r cyhoedd ar 27 Awst, 1937, pan ddychwelasant i Gymru ar ôl cael eu rhyddhau o garchar Wormwood Scrubs.

Yn cynorthwyo'r tri ar y noson roedd pedwar gŵr; ni chyhoeddwyd eu henwau tan yr 1980au ac ni chawsant mo'u herlyn. Y pedwar oedd: O. M. Roberts, J. E. Jones, Victor Hampson Jones a Robin Richards.[1]

Llyfryddiaeth

  • D. Hywel Davies, The Welsh Nationalist Party 1925-1945 (1983)
  • Dafydd Jenkins, Tân yn Llŷn (1937; argraffiad newydd, Caerdydd, 1975)

Cyfeiriadau

  1. ↑ Hafina Clwyd, Rhywbeth Bob Dydd (Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, 2008), t.118

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