Multi Media Extension

Multi Media Extension (zkratka MMX) je v informatice název rozšíření instrukční sady pro procesory Pentium MMX vytvořená firmou Intel, které byly uvedeny na trh 8. ledna 1997. Rozšíření bylo implementováno i do konkurenčních kompatibilních procesorů (AMD, Cyrix, VIA).

The New York Times popsal počáteční tlak, včetně reklam na Super Bowl, jako zaměřený na „novou generaci pompézních multimediálních produktů, včetně videotelefonů a 3D videoher“.

MMX bylo následně rozšířeno o několik programů od Intelu a dalších: 3DNow!, Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE) a probíhající revize Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX).

Charakteristika

Pod zkratkou MMX se skrývají dvě zásadní vylepšení architektury procesoru. První vylepšení je velmi jednoduché - došlo ke zvětšení vnitřní L1 cache na dvojnásobek (ze 16 na 32 KB).

Druhé vylepšení je výrazně složitější a důležitější. Technologie umožňuje využít osm 64bitových registrů (MM0 až MM7). Tyto registry využívají technologii SIMD (Single Instruction, Multiple Data) a plně podporují paralelní zpracování dat. Navíc byl standardní soubor 220 strojových instrukcí rozšířen o 57 nových multimediálních instrukcí.

Hlavním omezením technologie MMX je skutečnost, že pracuje pouze s celými čísly. Tento nedostatek prolomila multimediální technologie 3DNow! konkurenční firmy AMD, která byla uvedena na trh 28. května, 1998. Další omezení vyplývá ze skutečnosti, že registry MM0 až MM7 jsou vlastně registry pro zpracování instrukcí v pohyblivé řadové čárce (floating point FP) ST0 až ST7, proto není možné zároveň provádět MMX instrukce a floating point. Pokud programátor chce využít v kódu oba typy operací, musí hodnoty registrů nejprve uložit do paměti a po skončení práce MMX nebo FP je zase obnovit. K tomu slouží instrukce FSAVE a FRSTOR.

Výše uvedené nedostatky odstraňuje novější SIMD sady instrukcí SSE, SSE2 a další.

Některé nové instrukce

  • přesuny: MOVD, MOVQ
  • aritmetické: PADD, PADDS, PADDUS, PMADD, PMULH, PMULL, PSUB, PSUBS, PSUBUS
  • porovnání: PCMPEQ, PCMPGT
  • konverzní: PACKSSDW, PACKSSWB, PACKUSWB, PUNPCKH, PUNPCKL
  • logické: PAND, PANDN, POR, PXOR
  • bitové posuvy: PSLL, PSRA, PSRL
  • stavové: EMMS

Externí odkazy

Read other articles:

Hippolyte FizeauHippolyte Fizeau pada 1883 oleh Eugène PirouLahir23 September 1819ParisMeninggal18 September 1896 (umur 76)VenteuilKebangsaanPrancisDikenal atasEfek DopplerAparatus Fizeau-FoucaultKapasitorPenghargaanMedali Rumford (1866)Karier ilmiahBidangFisika Armand Hippolyte Louis Fizeau FRS FRSE MIF (23 September 1819 – 18 September 1896) adalah seorang fisikawan Prancis, dikenal karena mengukur laju cahaya dengan percobaan Fizeau. Biografi Fizeau lahir di Paris dari pasangan Louis d...

 

 

Hereditary landlords in Bengal This article contains too many or overly lengthy quotations. Please help summarize the quotations. Consider transferring direct quotations to Wikiquote or excerpts to Wikisource. (April 2022) Part of a series onZamindars of Bengal Central BengalPresent Divisions: Dhaka and Mymensingh Baliati Mohera Bhawal Dhaka Karatia Eastern BengalPresent Divisions: Chittagong and Sylhet Baniachong Barshala Bohmong Chakma Homnabad-Pashchimgaon Kanihati Mong Panchakhanda Prithi...

 

 

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Marsha VadhanapanichMarsha di Star Entertainment Awards 2007LahirMarion Ursula Marsha Vadhanapanich24 Agustus 1970 (umur 53)Iserlohn, JermanNama lainPim VadhanapanichSayomporn VadhanapanichThanattha VadhanapanichKhanasorn VadhanapanichTahun&...

David HarewoodMBEHarewood, 2015Lahir8 Desember 1965 (umur 58)Small Heath, Birmingham, InggrisPekerjaanAktor, presenterTahun aktif1990–sekarangSuami/istriKirsty Handy ​ ​(m. 2013)​Anak2 David Harewood MBE (lahir 8 Desember 1965)[1][2] adalah seorang aktor dan presenter asal Inggris. Ia terkenal karena perannya sebagai Direktur Kontraterorisme CIA David Estes di Homeland (2011–2012), dan sebagai J'onn J 'onzz/Martian Manhunter da...

 

 

Questa voce sull'argomento società calcistiche rumene è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Oțelul GalatiCalcio Oțelarii (Acciaieria) Segni distintivi Uniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Colori sociali Blu, rosso, bianco Dati societari Città Galați Nazione  Romania Confederazione UEFA Federazione FRF Campionato Liga I Fondazione 1964 Rifondazione2016 Presidente Robert George Florea Allenatore Dorinel Munteanu Stadio Stadio Oțelul(13&#...

 

 

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando l'omonimo vino, vedi Bagnoli di Sopra (vino). Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando la frazione di Montemurlo in provincia di Prato, vedi Bagnolo di Sopra. Bagnoli di Sopracomune Bagnoli di Sopra – VedutaMunicipio LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Veneto Provincia Padova AmministrazioneSindacoRoberto Milan (lista civica) dal 26-5-2014 (2º mandato dal 27-5-2019) TerritorioCoordinate45°11′N 11°53′E / ...

Regional jet airliner series CRJ700 series(CRJ550 / CRJ700 / CRJ705 / CRJ900 / CRJ1000) An Air Nostrum CRJ900 Role Regional jetType of aircraft National origin Canada Manufacturer Bombardier Aviation First flight 27 May 1999 Introduction 2001 Status In service Primary users SkyWest Airlines[1]PSA Airlines Endeavor Air Mesa Airlines Produced 1999–2020 Number built 924[a] Developed from Bombardier CRJ100/200 The Bombardier CRJ700 series is a family of regional jet airline...

 

 

4th Armoured Brigade may refer to: 4th Armoured Brigade (Australia) 4th Armoured Brigade (United Kingdom), 1939–1945 4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade 4th Canadian Armoured Brigade Topics referred to by the same termThis disambiguation page lists articles about military units and formations which are associated with the same title. If an internal link referred you to this page, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

 

 

This article is about the people from the republic of India. For other uses, see Indian. Demographics of IndiaIndia population pyramid in 2020Population 1,425,775,850[1] (April 2023 est.) 1,428,627,663[2] (Mid-year 2023 est.)Density473.42 people per.km2 (2021 est.)[3]Growth rate0.68% (2022 est.)[3]Birth rate16.1 births/1,000 population (2023 est.)[3]Death rate6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2023 est.)[3]Life expectancy 72.03 years (2023 est.)...

本文或本章節是關於未來的公共运输建設或計划。未有可靠来源的臆測內容可能會被移除,現時內容可能與竣工情況有所出入。 此条目讲述中国大陆處於施工或详细规划阶段的工程。设计阶段的資訊,或許与竣工后情況有所出入。无可靠来源供查证的猜测会被移除。 设想中的三条路线方案[1]。 臺灣海峽隧道或臺湾海峡橋隧(英語:Taiwan Strait Tunnel Project)是一项工程�...

 

 

County in Oklahoma, United States County in OklahomaGrant CountyCountyGrant County Courthouse in Medford (2017)Location within the U.S. state of OklahomaOklahoma's location within the U.S.Coordinates: 36°48′N 97°47′W / 36.8°N 97.79°W / 36.8; -97.79Country United StatesState OklahomaFounded1893Named forUlysses S. GrantSeatMedfordLargest cityMedfordArea • Total1,004 sq mi (2,600 km2) • Land1,001 sq mi (2,...

 

 

Suku Dayak KenyahKeluarga Kenyah dari foto tahun 1940-an.Daerah dengan populasi signifikanKalimantan Timur: 44.274 Jiwa Sarawak: 35,000 Jiwa(2017)BahasaBahasa Kenyah Kelinyau, Bahasa Kenyah Wahau, Indonesia, MelayuAgamaKristen, Katolik, IslamKelompok etnik terkaitDayak Kayan Arsitektur Kenyah. Suku Kenyah adalah suku Dayak[1] yang termasuk rumpun Apokayan yang berasal dari dataran tinggi Usun Apau, daerah Baram, Belaga, Sarawak. Dari wilayah tersebut suku Kenyah memasuki Kabupaten Ma...

Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada. Busca fuentes: «Basílica de Székesfehérvár» – noticias · libros · académico · imágenesEste aviso fue puesto el 18 de julio de 2016. 1601, la basílica de Székesfehérvár, ardiendo La Basílica de Székesfehérvár o de San Esteban de Székesfehérvár fue una de las grandes iglesias del estilo románico erigida en Székesfehérvár, Hungría, cerca de 1010 por el rey...

 

 

Award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences Academy Award for Best ActressThe 2023 recipient: Emma StoneAwarded forBest Performance by an Actress in a Leading RoleCountryUnited StatesPresented byAcademy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS)First awarded1929Most recent winnerEmma Stone, Poor Things (2024)Most awardsKatharine Hepburn (4)Most nominationsMeryl Streep (17)Websiteoscars.org The Academy Award for Best Actress is an award presented annually by th...

 

 

For related races, see 1997 United States gubernatorial elections. 1997 Virginia gubernatorial election ← 1993 November 4, 1997 2001 → Turnout49.5% (voting eligible)[1]   Nominee Jim Gilmore Don Beyer Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 969,062 738,971 Percentage 55.8% 42.6% County and independent city resultsGilmore:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%   &#...

American politician Rees Griffith Richardscirca 191216th Lieutenant Governor of OhioIn officeJanuary 9, 1882 – January 14, 1884GovernorCharles FosterPreceded byAndrew HickenlooperSucceeded byJohn G. WarwickMember of the Ohio Senatefrom the 22nd districtIn officeJanuary 7, 1878 – January 1, 1882Preceded byJ. K. RukenbrodSucceeded byJ. M. DickinsonMember of the Ohio House of Representativesfrom the Jefferson County districtIn officeJanuary 5, 1874 –&...

 

 

2018 New York Comptroller election ← 2014 November 6, 2018 2022 →   Nominee Thomas DiNapoli Jonathan Trichter Party Democratic Republican Alliance Parties Independence Reform Women's Equality Working Families Parties Conservative Popular vote 4,027,866 1,882,958 Percentage 67.0% 31.3% County results Precinct resultsDiNapoli:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%    &#...

 

 

Town in Tigray Region, Ethiopia Not to be confused with Humira. Town in Tigray, EthiopiaHumera ሑመራTownHumeraLocation within EthiopiaShow map of EthiopiaHumeraLocation within the Horn of AfricaShow map of Horn of AfricaHumeraLocation within AfricaShow map of AfricaCoordinates: 14°17′10″N 36°36′35″E / 14.28611°N 36.60972°E / 14.28611; 36.60972Country EthiopiaRegion TigrayZoneWesternWoredaKafta HumeraElevation585 m (1,919 ft)Populatio...

ζ Arietis Data pengamatan Epos J2000.0      Ekuinoks J2000.0 Rasi bintang Aries Asensio rekta 03h 14m 54.1s Deklinasi +21° 02' 40 Magnitudo tampak (V) +4.87Jarak340 ± 38 ly(104 ± 12 pc)Tipe SpektralA1V Penamaan lain 58 Arietis, HR 972,HD 20150, BD+20°527,FK5 1089, HIP 15110,SAO 75810, GC 3872 Referensi basis dataSIMBADdata Zeta Arietis (ζ Ari / ζ Arietis) adalah salah satu bintang yang berada di rasi ...

 

 

Genus of plants Not to be confused with Amaranthe. This article is about the plant genus Amaranthus. For other uses, see Amaranth (disambiguation). Amaranth Amaranthus tricolor Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Order: Caryophyllales Family: Amaranthaceae Subfamily: Amaranthoideae Genus: AmaranthusL. Species See text Amaranthus is a cosmopolitan group of more than 50 species which make up the genus of annual or short-lived perenn...