Mississippská kultura

Území mississippské kultury

Mississippská kultura, též Mississippská mohylová kultura byla indiánská kultura v jihovýchodní části severní Ameriky existující zhruba v letech 700–1700. Rozkládala se zejména na území dnešních amerických států Mississippi, Alabama, Georgie, Arkansas, Missouri, Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana a Ohio.[1] Byla již zemědělskou, pěstována byla kukuřice, fazole a tykve. Centrem kultury bylo patrně město Cahokia ležící v dnešním americkém státě Illinois, nedaleko St. Louis. Počet jeho obyvatel se odhaduje na třicet tisíc. Forma vlády byla v kultuře teokratická. Nejtypičtějším rysem kultury bylo budování mohyl, na jejichž vrcholu se nacházely kultické stavby. Mohyl se dochovalo na osmdesát, v Cahokii se nachází největší z nich, Monks Mound, třicet metrů vysoká, s rozlohou pět hektarů. Typickou pro kulturu byla též černá keramika s rytou výzdobou.[2] Mezi oblíbené motivy patřili opeření hadi, okřídlení válečníci, svastiky, pavouci, lidské tváře s plačícíma nebo sokolími očima a mnoho geometrických motivů. Kulturu zdecimovaly epidemie po kontaktu s okolním světem.[3] Za dědice mississippské kultury se považuje dnes kmen Načezů, jehož populace ve 21. století však čítá již jen 500 osob.

Odkazy

Reference

  1. ↑ Mississippian culture | ancient North American culture. Encyclopedia Britannica [online]. [cit. 2019-06-14]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  2. ↑ Mississippská mohylová kultura. leporelo.info [online]. [cit. 2019-06-14]. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném z originálu dne 2020-07-05. 
  3. ↑ Scienceworld | Předkolumbovská Severní Amerika – puebla a experimenty s civilizací. www.scienceworld.cz [online]. [cit. 2019-06-14]. Dostupné online. 

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