Methylamin

Methylamin
Strukturní vzorec
Strukturní vzorec
Obecné
Systematický názevmethanamin
Anglický názevMethylamine
Německý názevMethylamin
Funkční vzorecCH3NH2
Sumární vzorecCH5N
VzhledBezbarvý plyn
Identifikace
Registrační číslo CAS74-89-5
PubChem6329
SMILESNC
InChIInChI=1S/CH5N/c1-2/h2H2,1H3
Číslo RTECSPF6300000
Vlastnosti
Molární hmotnost31,06 g/mol
Teplota tání−94 °C (179 K)
Teplota varu−6 °C (267 K)
Hustota0,699 g/cm3 (−10,8 °C) / 0,902 g/cm3 (40% roztok ve vodě)
Viskozita0,23 cP (0 °C)
Disociační konstanta pKa10,62
Rozpustnost ve vodě108 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Struktura
Dipólový moment1,31 D (plyn)
Bezpečnost
GHS02 – hořlavé látky
GHS02
GHS04 – plyny pod tlakem
GHS04
GHS05 – korozivní a žíravé látky
GHS05
GHS07 – dráždivé látky
GHS07
[1]
Nebezpečí[1]
R-větyR11 R36/37 (40% vodný roztok)
NFPA 704
4
3
0
Není-li uvedeno jinak, jsou použity
jednotky SI a STP (25 °C, 100 kPa).
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.

Methylamin (mimo chemii dle PČP metylamin) (CH3NH2) je nejjednodušší amin. Vzniká společně s dimethylaminem při hnití ryb.

Model molekuly

Vlastnosti

Jeho bod vzplanutí je 8 °C, pKa je 10,62[2] (je to tedy slabá zásada). Také je to nukleofilní činidlo. Rybí zápach způsobený methylaminem lze zamaskovat citronovou šťávou, která reaguje acidobazicky.[3]

Bezpečnost

LD50 je (pro myši) 2 400 mg/kg. Methylamin je také prekurzorem metamfetaminu.

Výroba

Vyrábí se reakcí amoniaku s methanolem za přítomnosti katalyzátoru:

CH3OH + NH3 → CH3NH2 + H2O

Touto reakcí se ročně vyrobí více než 400 000 t methylaminu.

Příprava

V laboratoři se připravuje hydrochlorid methylaminu reakcí formaldehydu a chloridu amonného:

NH4Cl + HCHO → CH2=NH·HCl + H2O
CH2=NH·HCl + HCHO + H2O → CH3NH2·HCl + HCOOH

Související články

Externí odkazy

  • Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Methylamin na Wikimedia Commons

Reference

  1. ↑ a b Methylamine. pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [online]. PubChem [cit. 2021-05-23]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  2. ↑ PUBCHEM. METHYLAMINE | CH3NH2 - PubChem. pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [online]. [cit. 2016-07-11]. Dostupné online. 
  3. ↑ MCMURRY, John. Organická chemie. 6. vyd. [s.l.]: VŠCHT v Praze / VUT v Brně, 2007. ISBN 978-80-7080-637-1, ISBN 978-80-214-3291-8. 

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Methylamine na anglické Wikipedii.

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Alifatické aminy

Primární monoaminy: methylamin CH3NH2 • ethylamin C2H5NH2 • propylamin H3CCH2CH2NH2 • isopropylamin H3CCH(NH2)CH3 • n-butylamin H3C(CH2)2CH2NH2 • sek-butylamin H3CCH(NH2)C2H5 • terc-butylamin • isobutylamin • pentylamin C5H11NH2 • hexylamin C6H13NH2 • methylhexanamin

Sekundární a terciární monoaminy: dimethylamin (H3C)2NH • diethylamin (H5C2)2NH • dipropylamin (H7C3)2NH • diisopropylamin • trimethylamin (CH3)3N • dimethylethylamin (CH3)2C2H5N • N,N-dimethylethylamin (CH3)2C2H5N • 1,3-dimethylbutylamin (CH3)2C4H9N • triisopropylamin • N,N-diisopropylethylamin • tributylamin (C4H9)3N

Chladiva
CFC a další halogenderiváty

R-10 (tetrachlormethan) • R-11 (trichlorfluormethan) • R-12 (dichlordifluormethan) • R-12B1 (bromchlordifluormethan) • R-12B2 (dibromdifluormethan) • R-13 (chlortrifluormethan) • R-13B1 (bromtrifluormethan) • R-14 (tetrafluormethan) • R-20 (trichlormethan (chloroform)) • R-21 (dichlorfluormethan) • R-22 (chlordifluormethan) • R-22B1 (bromdifluormethan) • R-23 (trifluormethan (fluoroform)) • R-30 (dichlormethan) • R-31 (chlorfluormethan) • R-32 (difluormethan) • R-40 (chlormethan) • R-41 (fluormethan) • R-125 (pentafluorethan) • R-130 (1,1,2,2-tetrachlorethan) • R-130a (1,1,1,2-tetrachlorethan) • R-134a (1,1,1,2-tetrafluorethan) • R-150 (1,2-dichlorethan) • R-160 (chlorethan) • R-218 (oktafluorpropan) • R-1120 (trichlorethylen)

Uhlovodíky

R-50 (methan) • R-170 (ethan) • R-290 (propan) • R-600 (butan) • R-600a (isobutan) • R-601 (pentan) • R-601a (isopentan) • R-1150 (ethen) • R-1270 (propen)

Ostatní látky

R-610 (diethylether) • R-611 (methylformiát) • R-630 (methylamin) • R-631 (ethylamin) • R-702 (vodík) • R-704 (helium) • R-717 (amoniak) • R-718 (voda) • R-720 (neon) • R-728 (dusík) • R-732 (kyslík) • R-740 (argon) • R-744 (oxid uhličitý) • R-744a (oxid dusný) • R-7640 (oxid siřičitý) • R-784 (krypton)

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