Fluorid fosforečný

Fluorid fosforečný
Struktura fluoridu fosforečného
Struktura fluoridu fosforečného
Kalotový model fluoridu fosforečného
Kalotový model fluoridu fosforečného
Obecné
Systematický názevFluorid fosforečný
Anglický názevPhosphorus pentafluoride
Německý názevPhosphorpentafluorid
Sumární vzorecPF5
Vzhledbezbarvý plyn
Identifikace
Registrační číslo CAS7647-19-0
PubChem24295
SMILESFP(F)(F)(F)F
InChIInChI=1S/F5P/c1-6(2,3,4)5
Vlastnosti
Molární hmotnost125,966 g/mol
Teplota tání−93,78 °C
Teplota varu−84,6 °C
Hustota5,527 kg·m−3
Bezpečnost
GHS04 – plyny pod tlakem
GHS04
GHS05 – korozivní a žíravé látky
GHS05
GHS06 – toxické látky
GHS06
[1]
Nebezpečí[1]
Není-li uvedeno jinak, jsou použity
jednotky SI a STP (25 °C, 100 kPa).
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.

Fluorid fosforečný je chemická sloučenina se vzorcem PF5. Je to bezbarvý, toxický plyn, který na vzduchu dýmá.[2]

Příprava

Fluorid fosforečný je možné připravit fluorací chloridu fosforečného pomocí AsF3 nebo CaF2, příp. rozkladem Na[PF6] nebo Ba[(PF6)2]:[2]

3 PCl5 + 5 AsF3 → 3 PF5 + 5 AsCl3

Struktura

Rentgenová strukturní analýza prokázala, že má fluorid fosforečný geometrii trigonální bipyramidy. Má tedy dva typy fluoridových atomů, axiální a ekvatoriální, jejich vazebné délky se mírně liší v pevné fázi, ale v plynné a kapalné jsou, díky Berryho pseudorotaci, stejné.[3]

19F NMR nedokáže rozlišit, ani při teplotě −100 °C, axiální a ekvatoriální fluoridy, důvodem je rychlost výměna těchto ligandů, která je vyšší než snímkovací frekvence NMR.

Lewisovská kyselost

Fluorid fosforečný je Lewisova kyselina, proto tvoří různé adukty s bázemi. Velmi studované jsou adukty s pyridinem. Adukty s primárními a sekundárními aminy samovolně přecházejí na dimerní struktury s můstkovými atomy dusíku, které lze popsat vzorcem [PF4(NR2)]2.[4]

Odkazy

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Phosphorus pentafluoride na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ a b Phosphorus pentafluoride. pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [online]. PubChem [cit. 2021-05-24]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  2. ↑ a b GREENWOOD, NORMAN NEILL. Chemie prvků. Sv. 1.. 1. vyd. vyd. Praha: Informatorium 793 s., 1 příl s. Dostupné online. ISBN 8085427389, ISBN 9788085427387. OCLC 320245801 S. 600–603. 
  3. ↑ GUTOWSKY, H. S.; MCCALL, D. W.; SLICHTER, C. P. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Multiplets in Liquids. The Journal of Chemical Physics. 1953-2, roč. 21, čís. 2, s. 279–292. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-11-20]. ISSN 0021-9606. DOI 10.1063/1.1698874. (anglicky) 
  4. ↑ WONG, Chih Y.; KENNEPOHL, Dietmar K.; CAVELL, Ronald G. Neutral Six-Coordinate Phosphorus. Chemical Reviews. 1996-1, roč. 96, čís. 6, s. 1917–1952. Dostupné online [cit. 2019-11-20]. ISSN 0009-2665. DOI 10.1021/cr9410880. (anglicky) 

Externí odkazy

Fluoridy s prvkem v oxidačním čísle V.
Fluorid arseničný (AsF5) • Fluorid zlatičný (Au2F10) • Fluorid bismutičný (BiF5) • Fluorid bromičný (BrF5) • Fluorid chlorečný (ClF5) • Fluorid chromičný (CrF5) • Fluorid jodičný (IF5) • Fluorid iridičný (IrF5) • Fluorid manganičný (MnF5) • Fluorid molybdeničný (MoF5) • Fluorid dusičný (NF5) • Fluorid niobičný (NbF5) • Fluorid neptuničný (NpF5) • Fluorid osmičný (OsF5) • Fluorid fosforečný (PF5) • Fluorid protaktiničný (PaF5) • Fluorid platiničný (PtF5) • Fluorid plutoničný (PuF5) • Fluorid rheničný (ReF5) • Fluorid rhodičný (RhF5) • Fluorid rutheničný (RuF5) • Dekafluorid disíry (S2F10) • Fluorid antimoničný (SbF5) • Fluorid tantaličný (TaF5) • Fluorid technecičný (TcF5) • Fluorid uraničný (U2F10) • Fluorid vanadičný (VF5) • Fluorid wolframičný (WF5)

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