Eugène-Melchior Péligot

Eugène-Melchior Péligot
Narození24. března 1811
Paříž, Francie
Úmrtí15. dubna 1890 (79 let)
Paříž, Francie
Místo pohřbeníHřbitov Père-Lachaise
Národnostfrancouzská
Alma materÉcole Centrale Paris
Povoláníchemik
Znám jakoobjevitel chlorochromanu draselného
OceněníŘád čestné legie
ChoťEugénie-Rosalie-Bernardine Péligot
DětiBerthe-Adèle Péligot
Maurice-Jules Péligot
Funkceprezident (Francouzská fotografická společnost; 1868–1876)
prezident (Francouzská akademie věd; 1877)
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Eugène-Melchior Péligot (* 24. března 1811 Paříž, Francie – † 15. dubna 1890 Paříž, Francie), známý také jako Eugène Péligot, byl francouzský chemik, který v roce 1841 izoloval první vzorek kovového uranu.[1]

Péligot dokázal, že černý prášek Martina Heinricha Klaprotha nebyl čistý kov (jednalo se o oxid uranu, konkrétně oxid uraničitý, který má vzorec UO2). Poté se mu podařilo připravit čistý kovový uran redukcí chloridu uraničitého (UCl4) kovovým draslíkem.[2] V současnosti se dá kovový uran připravit efektivněji.[3]

Chlorochroman draselný, často také nazýván Péligotova sůl

Péligot byl profesorem analytické chemie na Národním agronomickém institutu v Paříži. Spolupracoval s Jeanem-Baptistou Dumasem a společně objevili methylový radikál při pokusech s methanolem. Připravili také plynný dimethylether a mnoho esterů. V roce 1838 úspěšně přeměnili kafr na p-cymen pomocí oxidu fosforečného.

V roce 1844 syntetizoval octan chromnatý,[4] který byl v roce 1964 Frankem Albertem Cottonem uznán za první chemickou sloučeninu, která obsahuje čtvernou vazbu.[5]

Odkazy

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Eugène-Melchior Péligot na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ Uranium [online]. Agentura pro ochranu životního prostředí [cit. 2022-06-16]. Dostupné v archivu. 
  2. ↑ Celestial Bodies [online]. [cit. 2022-06-16]. Dostupné v archivu. 
  3. ↑ CRISHOLM, Hugh. Uranium [online]. 27. vyd. Encyclopædia Britannica [cit. 2022-06-16]. (11). S. 788. Dostupné online. 
  4. ↑ PÉLIGOT, E. M. Sur un nouvel oxide de chrome. Comptes rendus de l'Académie des Sciences. Roč. 19, s. 609–618. 
  5. ↑ COTTON, Frank Albert; WALTON, A. R. Multiple Bonds Between Metal Atoms. [s.l.]: [s.n.], 1993. Dostupné online. ISBN 0-19-855649-7. 

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