Butyraldehyd

Butyraldehyd
Strukturní vzorec butyraldehydu
Strukturní vzorec butyraldehydu
Obecné
Systematický názevbutanal
Triviální názevButyraldehyd
Anglický názevButyraldehyde
Německý názevButyraldehyd
Funkční vzorecCH3(CH2)2CHO
Sumární vzorecC4H8O
Vzhledbezbarvá kapalina
Identifikace
Registrační číslo CAS123-72-8
PubChem261
SMILESO=CCCC
InChIInChI=1/C4H8O/c1-2-3-4-5/h4H,2-3H2,1H3
Vlastnosti
Molární hmotnost72,11 g/mol
Teplota tání−99 °C
Teplota varu74,8 °C
Hustota0,8 g/cm³
Rozpustnost ve vodě7,6 g/100 ml (20 °C)
Bezpečnost
GHS02 – hořlavé látky
GHS02
[1]
Nebezpečí[1]
R-větyR11
S-věty(S2,) S9, S29, S33
NFPA 704
3
3
0
Teplota vznícení230 °C
Meze výbušnosti2,5 – 12,5 %
Není-li uvedeno jinak, jsou použity
jednotky SI a STP (25 °C, 100 kPa).
Některá data mohou pocházet z datové položky.

Butyraldehyd (systematický název butanal) je organická sloučenina se vzorcem CH3(CH2)2CHO. Jedná se o aldehyd odvozený od butanu. Za běžných podmínek je to bezbarvá hořlavá kapalina s pachem zpocených nohou. Butyraldehyd je mísitelný s většinou organických rozpouštědel.

Výroba

Butyraldehyd se vyrábí téměř výhradně hydroformylací propylenu:

CH3CH=CH2 + H2 + CO → CH3CH2CH2CHO

Tradičně se hydroformylace katalyzovala karbonylem kobaltu, později rhodiovým komplexem trifenylfosfinu. Dominantní technologie zahrnuje použití rhodiových katalyzátorů odvozených z ve vodě rozpustných ligandů Tppts. Vodný roztok těchto katalyzátorů konvertuje propylen na aldehyd, který tvoří lehčí nemísitelnou fázi. Ročně se takto vyrobí cca 6 milionů tun butyraldehydu.

Butyraldehyd lze vyrábět také katalytickou dehydrogenací n-butanolu. V určité době se průmyslově vyráběl též katalytickou hydrogenací krotonaldehydu, který je odvozen od acetaldehydu.[2]

Je-li butyraldehyd déle vystaven vzduchu, oxiduje na kyselinu máselnou.

Reference

V tomto článku byl použit překlad textu z článku Butyraldehyde na anglické Wikipedii.

  1. ↑ a b Butyraldehyde. pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov [online]. PubChem [cit. 2021-05-23]. Dostupné online. (anglicky) 
  2. ↑ Boy Cornils, Richard W. Fischer, Christian Kohlpaintner "Butanals" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2000, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.

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