Bráhmanismus

Šrauta jadžňa v jižní Indii.

Bráhmanismus, jinak také védský bráhmanismus (od bráhman – védský kněz – neplést s brahmanismem – od brahma – metafyzická podstata veškerenstva), je náboženství starověké Indie, které se vyvinulo z Véd.[1] Je založeno na původním rozdělení společnosti na základě různotvárnosti do čtyř různých vrstev (varnášrama). Toto rozdělení se později stalo součástí životního stylu hinduismu a v různých podobách se projevuje až dodnes. Poprvé bylo zmíněno v Rgvédu (1500 až 1000 př. n. l. ) jako čtyři součásti těla věčného Puruši (ústa, paže, stehna a chodida) v Puruša súktě.[2] Přestože se toto původní védské náboženství v mnohém liší od současných hinduistických náboženských praktik, je možné ho považovat za předchůdce současného hinduismu.[3]

Odkazy

Reference

  1. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica (2005) "Brahmanism is religion of ancient India that evolved out of Vedism."
  2. ↑ Rgvéda 10.90.12 "Z jeho úst vznikli bráhmani, z jeho rukou rádžové, z jeho stehen vaišjové a z jeho nohou šúdrové".
  3. ↑ Stephanie W. Jamison and Michael Witzel, The Study of Hinduism., page 65: "... vedic religion is treatable as a predecessor of Hinduism."

Literatura

  • JAMISON, Stephanie W.; WITZEL, Michael. The Study of Hinduism. [s.l.]: University of South Carolina Press, 2003. (anglicky) 
  • FRIŠ, Oldřich; VAVROUŠEK, Petr. Védské hymny. Praha: DharmaGaaia, 2000. ISBN 80-85905-62-0. 
  • KNOTKOVÁ-ČAPKOVÁ A KOL., B. Základy asijských náboženství I. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, 2004. 
  • VAN NOOTEN, B.; HOLLAND, G. Rig Veda, a metrically restored text. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994. (anglicky) 
  • MÜLLER, Max. Rig-Veda-sanhita, the Sacred Hymns of the Brahmans. Londýn, UK: [s.n.], 1974. (anglicky) 
  • OLDENBERG, H. Prolegomena on Metre and Textual History of the Rigveda. Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 2005. ISBN 81-208-0986-6. (anglicky) 

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