Superòxid dismutasa

Infotaula de proteïnaSuperòxid dismutasa 1
Superòxid dismutasa 1, dodekamer, Human
Substànciafamília d'enzims Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Nombre EC1.15.1.1
LocusCr. 21 q22.1
Identificadors
SímbolSOD1 ALS, ALS1
HUGO11179
Entrez6647
OMIM147450
RefSeqNM_000454
P00441
Infotaula de proteïnaSuperòxid dismutasa 2
Superòxid dismutasa 2, tetramer, Human
Substànciafamília d'enzims Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Nombre EC1.15.1.1
LocusCr. 6 q25
Identificadors
SímbolSOD2
HUGO11180
Entrez6648
OMIM147460
RefSeqNM_000636
P04179
Infotaula de proteïnaSuperòxid dismutasa 3
Substànciafamília d'enzims Modifica el valor a Wikidata
Nombre EC1.15.1.1
LocusCr. 4 pter-q21
Identificadors
SímbolSOD3
HUGO11181
Entrez6649
OMIM185490
RefSeqNM_003102
P08294

La superòxid dismutasa (SOD) és un enzim que catalitza la dismutació de superòxid en oxigen i peròxid d'hidrogen. A causa d'això és una important defensa antioxidant en la majoria de les cèl·lules exposades a l'oxigen. Una de les excepcions es dona en Lactobacillus plantarum i en lactobacilli atès que posseeixen un mecanisme diferent.

Reacció

La dismutació catalitzada per SOD del superòxid pot representar-se com les següents semireaccions:

  • M(n+1)+ − SOD + O₂ → Mn+ − SOD + O₂
  • Mn+ − SOD + O₂ + 2H+ → M(n+1)+ − SOD + H₂O₂.

on M = Cu (n=1); Mn (n=2); Fe (n=2); Ni (n=2).

En aquesta reacció l'estat d'oxidació del catió metàl·lic oscil·la entre n i n+1.

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