Teheranska konferencija

Na slici, sa lijeva na desno: Staljin, Roosevelt, Churchill

Teheranska konferencija je konferencija najviših predstavnika Saveznika u Drugom svjetskom ratu, održana u Teheranu, 28. novembra – 1. decembra 1943. Učestvovali su britanski premijer Winston Churchill, američki predsjednik Franklin Delano Roosevelt i generalni sekretar Komunističke partije Sovjetskog saveza Josif Staljin, te njihovi najviši vojni i politički saradnici.

U vrijeme održavanja konferencije bilo je jasno da Sile Osovine gube rat: Italija je već kapitulirala, a Njemačka i Japan bili su u defanzivi. Međutim, njihov otpor bio je još vrlo jak i pred Saveznicima su stajali teški zadaci. Težište diskusije bilo je na Evropi: otvaranje "drugog fronta" od strane zapadnih saveznika (uz onaj u Italiji), operacije na Istočnom frontu, pomoć Narodnooslobodilačkoj borbi u Jugoslaviji, uvlačenje Turske u rat, poslijeratno uređenje Njemačke, buduće granice Poljske, sovjetski teritorijalni zahtjevi.

Nasuprot razlikama u ocjenama i pogledima na neke političke i vojne probleme, saveznički predstavnici usaglasili su se u obimu i koordinaciji predstojećih operacija na istoku, zapadu i jugu Evrope radi uništenja njemačke vojske. Postigli su i načelnu saglasnost i o glavnim političkim pitanjima. Donesene su odluke:

  • Saveznici će pomagati partizane u Jugoslaviji;
  • uvući Tursku u rat na strani Saveznika;
  • ako Turska zarati protiv Njemačke a Kraljevina Bugarska objavi rat Turskoj, SSSR će objaviti rat Bugarskoj;
  • iskrcavanje zapadnih Saveznika u Francuskoj započet će u maju 1944., a u isto vrijeme Crvena armija će otpočeti veliku ofanzivu.

Predviđena je saradnja komandi zapadnih Saveznika i SSSR-a u pripremama za predstojeće operacije u Evropi. Razgovaralo se također o stvaranju Organizacije ujedinjenih naroda nakon rata.

Literatura

  • Opća enciklopedija JLZ, sv. 8, 1982.


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