Narodnooslobodilački pokret Jugoslavije

Narodnooslobodilački pokret Jugoslavije (NOP) je bio pokret otpora u okupiranoj Jugoslaviji tokom Drugog svetskog rata, pod rukovodstvom Komunističke partije Jugoslavije.[1]

Oružane snage ovoga pokreta bili su narodnooslobodilački partizanski odredi, nastali tokom ljeta 1941, a 1942. su prerasli u Narodnooslobodilačku vojsku Jugoslavije. U urbanim centrima mrežu pokreta otpora i njihove veze sa partizanima, organizirali su istaknuti ilegalci.

Na slobodnim teritorijama odmah su formirani civilni organi narodnooslobodilačkog pokreta – Narodnooslobodilački odbori, koji su bili prvi organi „narodne vlasti“. Imali su zadatak da organiziraju pozadinsku logistiku i odatle pomažu oružanu narodnooslobodilačku borbu. Sa Narodnoosolobodilačkim odborima u okviru pokreta otpora umrežavane su i druge antifašističke organizacije, kao što su Antifašistički front žena (AFŽ), Ujedinjeni savez antifašističke omladine Jugoslavije (USAOJ) i Savez pionira Jugoslavije.

Za razliku od drugih pokreta otpora u okupiranoj Europi, Narodnooslobodilački pokret Jugoslavije je, u Drugom svetskom ratu uspio da masovno okupi pripadnike svih naroda: Srbe, Hrvate, Slovence, Muslimane, Crnogorce i Makedonce, kao i pripadnike svih nacionalnih manjina u Jugoslaviji: Mađare, Albance, Italijane, Slovake, pa čak i Nijemce.

Jedan od glavnih ciljeva ovog pokreta otpora bio je i stvaranje nove države: Nove Jugoslavije, koja bi počivala na nacionalnom i socijalnom jedinstvu i ravnopravnosti „svih naroda i narodnosti“. Tako se ostvariovao i pripadajući dio programa Komunističke partije Jugoslavije u socijalističkoj revoluciji. To se posebno odnosilo na oslobođene teritorije: „Partizanske republike", kao što su Užička republika, Drvarska republika, Bihaćka republika i dr., u kojima stanovništvu praktično demonstrirani djelotvosnost akticnosti Narodnooslobodilačkih odbora i principi socijalne pravde.

Narodnooslobodilački pokret se razvijao u cijeloj Jugoslaviji, iako su mu glavni protivnici bile moćne okupatorske i izdajničke snage: Nijemci, Italijani, Bugari i Mađari), Nezavisna Država Hrvatska (ustaše i domobrani), režim Milana Nedića u Srbiji (Srpska državna straža), četnici Draže Mihailovića, četnici Koste Pećanca, Balisti, Bela grada u Sloveniji, režim Sekule Drljevića u Crnoj Gori, Ljotićev „Zbor“ i ostali.

Shvativši njihov ogroman značaj, pokret je vodio energičnu i dosljednu borbu protiv pojava međunacionalne mržnje, masovnih progona i pokolja stanovništva, što mu je donijelo široku narodnu podršku i privuklo nove simpatizere.

Narodnooslobodilački pokret Jugoslavije je 1943. godine postigao priznanje Saveznika, koji su zatim prekinuli dotadašnju podršku četnicima. Potpisan je i Sporazum sa Jugoslavenskom vladom u izbeglištvu, na temelju kojih je, 7. marta 1945., priznata Demokratska Federativna Jugoslavija.

Reference

  1. ^ Čišić A. (1974): Vojna enciklopedija. Redakcija vojne enciklopedije, Beograd.

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