Meksički zaliv

3D perspektiva Meksičkog zaliva.
Cantarell

Meksički zaliv je velika vodena površina između Sjeverne i Srednje Amerike. Smatra se zalivom iako je površinom od oko 1,6 milliona km2 veći od mnogih mora. Na sjevernoj obali su Sjedinjene Američke Države, zapadnoj i južnoj Meksiko (poluostrvo Yucatan), a na istoku je Kuba. Floridskim prolazom između Kube i Floride je povezan s Atlantskim okeanom a Yucatanskim kanalom između Meksika i Kube sa Karipskim morem. Kroz Meksički zaliv prolazi Golfska struja koja je po njemu dobila ime (šp. golfo - zaliv). U podmorju zaliva postoje značajna nalazišta nafte i zemnog plina. Sa sjevera se u zaliv ulijeva rijeka Mississippi. Preko zaliva često prolaze uragani koji nastaju u srednjem Atlantiku i udaraju u američku obalu.

Historija

Iako je zasluga za otkriće Amerike pripala Kristoforu Kolumbu, brodovi iz njegove 4 ekspedicije nikada nisu stigli u Meksički zaliv. Umjesto toga, Kolumbo je plovio vodama Kariba, oko Kube i Hispaniole. Prvi evropski istraživač Meksičkog zaliva bio je Amerigo Vespucci 1497. godine. On je tokom svoje plovidbe morem pratio priobalni pojas Srednje Amerike prije povratka u Atlantski okean preko Floridskog moreuza koji se nalazi između Floride i Kube.

Geologija

Među geolozima koji su proučavali geologiju Meksičkog zaliva postoji saglasnost da Meksički zaliv nije postojao prije kasnog perioda trijasa.[1][2][3] Prije tog perioda razvoja Zemlje, područje na kojem se danas nalazi zaliv se sastojao od kopna koji je sadržavao i dio kontinentalne kore koja sada leži u osnovi poluostrva Yucatan, u centralnom dijelu velikog superkontinenta Pangea.

Reference

  1. ^ Huerta, A.D., and D.L. Harry (2012) Wilson cycles, tectonic inheritance, and rifting of the North American Gulf of Mexico continental margin. Geosphere. 8(1):GES00725.1, first published on March 6, 2012, doi:10.1130/GES00725.1
  2. ^ Salvador, A. (1991) Origin and development of the Gulf of Mexico basin, in A. Salvador, ed., p. 389-444, The Gulf of Mexico Basin: The Geology of North America, v. J., Geological Society of America, Boulder, Colorado.
  3. ^ http://geosphere.geoscienceworld.org/content/6/6/739.abstract

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