Briselska konferencija (1890)

Briselska konferencija
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Kopija sporazuma
Potpisan2. juli 1890. (1890-07-02)
LokacijaBruxelles, Belgija
Aktivan od31. august 1891. (1891-08-31)
Potpisnici

Briselska konferencija iz 1890. također poznata i kao Konferencija o trgovini robljem i uvozu vatrenog oružja, municije i alkoholnih pića u Afriku)[2] bio je skup mjera protiv ropstva potpisanih u Briselu 2. jula 1890. (stupio na snagu 31. augusta 1891.) da bi, kako se u samom zakonu kaže, „ukinuo trgovinu crnačkim robljem kopnom i morem i poboljšao moralne i materijalne uslove postojanja domaćih rasa“.

Pregovori za ovaj akt proizašli su iz Briselske konferencije protiv ropstva 1889-90.[3] Sporazum je bio posebno primjenjiv na one zemlje "koje posjeduju ili protektorate u konvencionalnom basenu Konga", na Osmansko Carstvo i druge sile ili dijelove koji su bili uključeni u trgovinu robljem na istočnoafričkoj obali, Indijskom okeanu i drugim područjima.

Na primjer, član 21 opisuje zonu u kojoj treba poduzeti mjere, pozivajući se na "obale Indijskog okeana (uključujući Perzijski zaljev i Crveno more), Beloučistana do Tangalane (Quilimane)..." i Madagaskara. Zakon je predviđao osnivanje relevantnog Međunarodnog biroa u Zanzibaru.

U čl. 68:

"Vlasti priznaju visoku vrijednost Zakona o zabrani trgovine crnim robljem, koji je izdalo Njegovo Veličanstvo Osmanski car 4-16. decembra 1889, i uvjeravaju se da će osmanlijske vlasti preduzeti mjere nadzora, posebno u zapadnom dijelu Arabije i na putevima koji tu obalu održavaju u komunikaciji s drugim posjedima Njegovog Carskog Veličanstva u Aziji." Na slične radnje pozivali su se šah od Perzije i sultan Zanzibara (čl. 69, 70).[4] Učesnici su se također složili da zaustave prodaju oružja i drugog oružja Afrikancima.[5]

Posljedice

Briselski akt dopunjen je i revidiran Senžermenskim mirovnim sporazumom, koji su potpisale savezničke sile u Prvom svjetskom ratu 10. septembra 1919.[6]

Zbog svojih odredbi o alkoholu, Akt se smatra prvim ugovorom o kontroli psihoaktivnih supstanci (prethodi prvom sporazumu o opijumu iz 1909).[7][8]

Reference

  1. ^ "Slave trade and importation into Africa of firearms, ammunition and spiritous liquor" (PDF). Library of Congress. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 25. 4. 2021. Pristupljeno 15. 5. 2023.
  2. ^ Bassiouni, M. Cherif (1987). A Draft International Criminal Code and Draft Statute for an International Criminal Tribunal (2nd izd.). Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. str. 405. ISBN 978-0-89838-918-0. Arhivirano s originala, 17. 11. 2023. Pristupljeno 15. 5. 2023.
  3. ^ Brahm, Felix (2021). "Banning the sale of modern firearms in Africa: On the origins of the Brussels Conference Act of 1890". Journal of Modern European History (jezik: engleski). 19 (4): 436–447. doi:10.1177/16118944211051218. ISSN 1611-8944. S2CID 245007531 Provjerite vrijednost parametra |s2cid= (pomoć). Arhivirano s originala, 17. 11. 2023. Pristupljeno 15. 5. 2023.
  4. ^ George Young. Corps de Droit Ottoman. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1905, str. 192-206.
  5. ^ G. N. Uziogwe, ‘European Partition and Conquest of Africa: An Overview’, in A. A. Boahen (ed.), General History of Africa, vol. vii, (Oxford, 1990), str. 22
  6. ^ "United States of America - Convention revising the General Act of Berlin, February 26, 1885, and of the General Act and the Declaration of Brussels, July 2, 1890, signed at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, September 10, 1919 [1922] LNTSer 19; 8 LNTS 27". www.worldlii.org. Arhivirano s originala, 1. 7. 2017. Pristupljeno 15. 5. 2023.
  7. ^ Pan, Lynn (1975). Alcool in Colonial Africa (PDF). Forssa: Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies. Arhivirano (PDF) s originala, 26. 8. 2021. Pristupljeno 15. 5. 2023.
  8. ^ Seddon, Toby (2016). "Inventing Drugs: A Genealogy of a Regulatory Concept". Journal of Law and Society (jezik: engleski). 43 (3): 393–415. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6478.2016.00760.x. ISSN 1467-6478. S2CID 151655016.

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