Фотоелектричен ефект

Схематична диаграма на фотоелектричния ефект

Фотоелектричен ефект (фотоелектронна емисия) е физично явление, което се състои в отделянето на електрони от повърхността на дадено вещество при облъчването му със светлина. Фотоефектът е открит от Хайнрих Херц през 1887 г.[1], а законът, с който се обяснява (на основата на хипотезата на Макс Планк), е изведен от Алберт Айнщайн през 1905 г., за което получава Нобелова награда за физика през 1921 г.

  1. Скоростта и кинетичната енергия на отделените електрони зависи от честотата на падащата светлина. За всяка повърхност съществува минимална честота на падащата светлина, наречена червена граница на фотоефекта, при която се наблюдава емисия на електрони.
  2. Скоростта и кинетичната енергия на фотоелектроните не зависят от интензивността на лъчението.
  3. Броят на фотоелектроните, фототокът, зависи право пропорционално от интензивността на падащата светлина.

Уравнението на Айнщайн се дава с:

където


Серия статии на тема
Квантова механика
  

Според квантовата теория светлината се излъчва, поглъща и разпространява на порции – кванти. Според тази теория светлината взаимодейства с веществото като частица, наречена фотон. Вероятността да бъдат погълнати едновременно два или повече фотона е много малка при обикновените светлинни интензивности, но с откриването на лазерите това става възможно.

Фотоефектът бива външен и вътрешен. При външния фотоефект избитите електрони напускат повърхността на облъченото вещество, докато при вътрешния фотоефект те остават в обема му и повишават неговата проводимост.

Източници

Вижте също

Read other articles:

Untuk utilitas di Microsoft Windows, lihat Dr. Watson (Windows). Untuk pembalap Formula Satu, lihat John Watson (pembalap mobil). Dr. Watson (kiri) dan Sherlock Holmes, gambar oleh Sidney Paget. Dr. John H. Watson adalah seorang tokoh fiktif, yang merupakan sahabat, orang kepercayaan, serta penulis biografi dari Sherlock Holmes, dalam cerita detektif Sherlock Holmes karangan Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Pada dua dekade terakhir abad ke-19, Watson tinggal di tempat yang sama dengan Holmes dan menja...

 

Haeinsa Janggyeong Panjeon, perpustakaan Tripitaka KoreanaSitus Warisan Dunia UNESCOKriteriaKultural: iv, viNomor identifikasi737Pengukuhan1995 (Ke-19) Korean nameHangul해인사 Hanja海印寺 Alih AksaraHaeinsaMcCune–ReischauerHaeinsa Haeinsa atau Kuil Haein adalah kuil Buddha utama dari sekte Jogye di Korea Selatan dan menyimpan Tripitaka Koreana, cetakan Tripitaka kayu yang berjumlah 81.258 pres kayu sejak tahun 1398.[1] Sebagai salah satu Tiga Kuil Mustika, Haeinsa melamba...

 

4015 Wilson-HarringtonPenemuanDitemukan olehE. F. HelinSitus penemuan675Tanggal penemuan1979/11/15Ciri-ciri orbitAphelion4.287Perihelion0.994Sumbu semimayor2.641Eksentrisitas0.624Anomali rata-rata338.6Inklinasi2.8Bujur node menaik270.4Argumen perihelion91.4Ciri-ciri fisikMagnitudo mutlak (H)15.99 4015 Wilson-Harrington (1979 VA) adalah sebuah asteroid. Asteroid ini merupakan bagian dari asteroid Apollo, yang terletak dekat dengan bumi. Eksentrisitas orbit asteroid ini...

Perwakilan Iwakura. Kepala perwakilannya adalah Iwakura Tomomi, tampil dalam gambar ini sedang mengenakan pakaian Jepang tradisional. Perwakilan Iwakura atau Perwakilan Diplomatik Iwakura (岩倉使節団, Iwakura Shisetsudan) adalah sebuah perjalanan diplomatik Jepang di seluruh dunia, yang dilakukan pada tahun 1871 oleh oligarki zaman Meiji. Perwakilan Iwakura mengikuti beberapa perwakilan sebelumnya yang dikirimkan oleh Keshogunan, seperti Perwakilan Diplomatik Jepang ke Amerika Serikat (1...

 

This article is about the Bill Evans album. For similar uses, see Alone Again. 1977 studio album by Bill EvansAlone (Again)Studio album by Bill EvansReleasedEarly December 1977[1]RecordedDecember 16–18, 1975StudioFantasy Studios, BerkeleyGenreJazzLength43:07LabelFantasyF 9542ProducerHelen KeaneBill Evans chronology Since We Met(1976) Alone (Again)(1977) Together Again(1977) Alone (Again) is a solo piano album by American jazz pianist Bill Evans, recorded in December 1975. It...

 

Nasi goreng TionghoaJenisNasi gorengTempat asalTiongkokDaerahTiongkok RayaBahan utamaNasiVariasiNasi goreng Hokkien, nasi goreng Yangzhou, nasi goreng yin yangSunting kotak info • L • BBantuan penggunaan templat ini  Media: Nasi goreng Tionghoa Nasi goreng tionghoa (Hanzi sederhana: 炒饭; Hanzi tradisional: 炒飯; Pinyin: chǎofàn; Jyutping: caau2 faan6; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhá-pn̄g) merujuk kepada hidangan nasi goreng bergaya Tionghoa, yang terlet...

العلاقات اليونانية الكمبودية اليونان كمبوديا   اليونان   كمبوديا تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات اليونانية الكمبودية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين اليونان وكمبوديا.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه ال...

 

.ir

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: .ir – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR .ir adalah top-level domain kode negara Internet untuk Iran.[1] Referensi ^ Terms and Conditions (.ir), Appendix 1: Domain Rules – ایر...

 

Prva makedonska fudbalska liga 2019-2020 Competizione Prva Liga Sport Calcio Edizione 28ª Organizzatore FFM Date dall'11 agosto 2019al 4 giugno 2020[1] Luogo  Macedonia del Nord Partecipanti 10 Risultati Vincitore Vardar(11º titolo) Retrocessioni nessuna Statistiche Miglior marcatore Daniel Avramovski (10) Incontri disputati 115 Gol segnati 252 (2,19 per incontro) Cronologia della competizione 2018-2019 2020-2021 Manuale La Prva makedonska fudbalska liga 2019-202...

Questa voce sull'argomento stagioni delle società calcistiche italiane è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Voce principale: Associazione Sportiva Dilettantistica Junior Biellese Libertas. Associazione Sportiva BielleseStagione 1950-1951Sport calcio Squadra Biellese Allenatore Federico Munerati Presidente Luigi Fila Serie C9º posto nel girone A. 1949-1950 1951-1952 Si invita a seguire...

 

1965 US law Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965Enacted bythe 89th United States CongressCitationsPublic lawPub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 89–10Statutes at Large79 Stat. 27CodificationActs amendedPub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 81–874, 64 Stat. 1100; Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 83–531, 68 Stat. 533Titles amended20 U.S.C.: EducationU.S.C. sections created20 U.S.C. ch. 70Legislative historyI...

 

City in Omsk Oblast, Russia For the steamships named Omsk, see SS Omsk. Not to be confused with Tomsk. City in Omsk Oblast, RussiaOmsk ОмскCity[1]Top: Omsk State Academic Drama Theater [ru], Fire Observation Tower, (left to right) Middle: Omsk Festiwal Complex Center area, Vrubel Fine Art Museum, (left to right) Bottom: 60 years Victory Bridge (Most 60 Letiya Pobedy) FlagCoat of armsLocation of Omsk OmskLocation of OmskShow map of RussiaOmskOmsk (Omsk Oblast)Show map ...

Cet article est une ébauche concernant Los Angeles. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Leimert ParkGéographiePays  États-UnisÉtat CalifornieComté comté de Los AngelesCharter city Los AngelesCoordonnées 34° 00′ 28″ N, 118° 19′ 38″ OIdentifiantsGNIS 244720modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Leimert Park est à la fois le nom d'un quartier...

 

Collier of the United States Navy For other ships with the same name, see USS Nereus. Nereus loads coal at Nagasaki, Japan in April 1916 History United States NameUSS Nereus NamesakeNereus BuilderNewport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company Laid down4 December 1911 Launched26 April 1913 Commissioned10 September 1913 Decommissioned30 June 1922 Stricken5 December 1940 Fate Sold, 27 February 1941 Lost at sea, December 1941 General characteristics Class and typeProteus-class collier Displacemen...

 

American football player (born 1994) American football player DeMarcus WalkerWalker in 2022No. 95 – Chicago BearsPosition:Defensive endPersonal informationBorn: (1994-09-30) September 30, 1994 (age 29)Jacksonville, Florida, U.S.Height:6 ft 4 in (1.93 m)Weight:280 lb (127 kg)Career informationHigh school:Sandalwood(Jacksonville, Florida)College:Florida StateNFL draft:2017 / Round: 2 / Pick: 51Career history Denver Broncos (2017–2020) Housto...

Chinese-Australian cellist (born 1976) The native form of this personal name is Qin Liwei. This article uses Western name order when mentioning individuals. In this Chinese name, the family name is Qin. Li-Wei Qin秦立巍Qin in 2008Background informationBorn (1976-02-16) 16 February 1976 (age 48)Shanghai, ChinaGenresClassicalOccupation(s)MusicianteacherInstrument(s)CelloYears active1993–presentLabelsDecca ClassicsNaxosChannel ClassicsABC ClassicsWebsiteliweiqin.comChinese nameTrad...

 

Cuti bersama adalah hari cuti khusus untuk para pegawai lembaga pemerintah seperti instansi pemerintah dan badan usaha milik negara (BUMN) atau daerah (BUMD). Hari cuti bersama ditetapkan oleh pemerintah pusat bersamaan dengan hari libur nasional dan umumnya berada sebelum dan/atau sesudah hari libur nasional tertentu. Cuti bersama menjadi semacam perpanjangan liburan untuk ASN dan karyawan BUMN/BUMD, sehingga bersifat wajib dan tidak memotong jatah cuti tahunan.[1] Cuti bersama umumn...

 

City in Halton Region, Ontario, Canada This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article. (August 2023) City in Ontario, CanadaBurlingtonCity (lower-tier)City of BurlingtonBrant Street in Downtown Burlington LogoMotto: Stand ByBurlingtonCoordinates: 43°22′12″N 79°48′51″W / 43.37000°N 79.81417°W / 43.37000; -79....

منتخب فنلندا لكرة السلة فنلندا التصنيف 34 ▼ 13 (16 سبتمبر 2019)[1] انضم للاتحاد الدولي 1939 منطفة فيبا الاتحاد الأوروبي لكرة السلة اللقب Susijengi(The Wolf Pack) البلد فنلندا تأسس عام 1939  الألعاب الأولمبية المشاركة 2 الميداليات لا يوجد كأس العالم لكرة السلة المشاركة 1 الميداليات لا يوج...

 

Great Ormond Street HospitalGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustPemandangan dari Great Ormond StreetLokasi di London RayaGeografiLokasiGreat Ormond Street, London, InggrisKoordinat51°31′21″N 0°07′14″W / 51.5225°N 0.1205°W / 51.5225; -0.1205OrganisasiAsuransi kesehatanNational Health ServiceJenisPendidikanAfiliasi dengan universitasUniversity College LondonPelayananUnit Gawat DaruratTidakRanjang pasien389SejarahDibuka14 Februari 185...