Шестоъгълник

Правилен шестоъгълник

Шестоъгълникът (също и хексагон, от старогръцки: ἕξ + γωνία – „шест“ + „ъгъл“) е многоъгълник с шест страни и ъгли.[1] Сборът на всички вътрешни ъгли е 720° (4π). Има 9 диагонала.

Правилен шестоъгълник

Правилният шестоъгълник е вид триамб. При правилния шестоъгълник всички страни и ъгли са равни. Вътрешният ъгъл на правилния шестоъгълник е 120°, а външният и централният – 60°, следователно правилният шестоъгълник е съставен от 6 равностранни триъгълника. Така страната на правилния шестоъгълник a е равна на радиуса R на описаната около него окръжност. Тригонометрично това се доказва, тъй като:

Периметър

Периметърът P на правилен шестоъгълник е:

Лице

Лицето S на правилен шестоъгълник може да бъде намерено по три начина:

  • По страната a:

Построение

Анимация, илюстрираща метода на Евклид

Тъй като 6 е произведение на 2 и 3, което е просто число на Ферма, правилен шестоъгълник може да се построи с линийка и пергел.[2] Такъв метод е предложен от Евклид в неговия трактат Елементи, книга IV, теорема 15.

Подобия

Пчелна пита
Графен – една от алотропните модификации на въглерода
Гигантският шестоъгълен облак на Сатурн
  • С еднакви правилни шестоъгълници може да се изпълни равнина без да остават празнини, по подобие на пчелна пита.
  • Гигантският шестоъгълен облак на Сатурн.
  • Контурът на континентална Франция напомня шестоъгълник, затова е символ на страната („L'hexagone“).
  • Някои отвертки имат сечение на хексагон (т.нар. „шестогран“) или на хексаграм (т.нар. „шестограм“).

Вижте също

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