Татул

Вижте пояснителната страница за други значения на Татул.
Татул
Класификация
царство:Растения (Plantae)
отдел:Васкуларни растения (Tracheophytes)
(без ранг):Покритосеменни (Angiosperms)
(без ранг):Еудикоти (eudicots)
(без ранг):Астериди (asterids)
разред:Картофоцветни (Solanales)
семейство:Картофови (Solanaceae)
род:Татул (Datura)
Научно наименование
Linnaeus, 1753
Татул в Общомедия
[ редактиране ]

Татулът (Datura) е род цъфтящи растения от семейство Картофови (Solanaceae).[1]

Всички видове татул са отровни и психоактивни, особено техните семена и цветове, които могат да причинят респираторна депресия, аритмия, треска, делириум, халюцинации, антихолинергичен синдром, психоза и дори смърт, ако се приемат вътрешно. Поради техните ефекти и симптоми, те са били използвани не само като отрова, но и ритуално като халюциногени от различни индиански групи.[2][3] Алкалоидите, присъстващи в растението, се считат за традиционни лекарства както в Новия, така и в Стария свят, поради наличието на скополамин и атропин, които се произвеждат и от други растения, като Черна попадийка, Atropa belladonna и Mandragora officinarum.[2][4]

Описание

Плодът на Datura inoxia

Видовете от рода Татул могат да достигнат до 2 метра на височина. Листата са редуващи се, с дължина около 10 – 20 cm и широчина 5 – 18 cm. Цветовете са изправени или разперени, с форма на тръба, дълги 5 – 20 cm и широки 4 – 12 cm. Цветовете варират от бяло до жълто, розово и бледо лилаво. Плодът представлява бодлива капсула с дължина 4 – 10 cm и широчина 2 – 6 cm, която се отваря, когато узрее, за да освободи многобройните си семена.

Ларвите на някои видове пеперуди и молци, включително Hypercompe indecisa, се хранят с видове от рода Татул.

Видове

Родът включва 10 вида отровни растения:

Източници

  1. ↑ 1959 Avery, Amos Geer, Satina, Sophie and Rietsema, Jacob Blakeslee: the genus Datura, foreword and biographical sketch by Edmund W. Sinnott, pub. New York : Ronald Press Co.
  2. ↑ а б Fatur, Karsten. "Hexing Herbs" in Ethnobotanical Perspective: A Historical Review of the Uses of Anticholinergic Solanaceae Plants in Europe // Economic Botany 74 (2). June 2020. DOI:10.1007/s12231-020-09498-w. p. 140 – 158. (на английски)
  3. ↑ Cecilia Garcia; James D. Adams (2005). Healing with medicinal plants of the west – cultural and scientific basis for their use. Abedus Press. ISBN 0-9763091-0-6.
  4. ↑ Schultes, Richard Evans; Hofmann, Albert (1979). The Botany and Chemistry of Hallucinogens (2nd ed.). Springfield Illinois: Charles C. Thomas.
Нормативен контролРедактиране в Уикиданни

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