Подземна полевка

Подземна полевка
Природозащитен статут
LC
Незастрашен[1]
Червена книга на България
LC
Незастрашен[2]
Класификация
царство:Животни (Animalia)
(без ранг):Вторичноустни (Deuterostomia)
тип:Хордови (Chordata)
(без ранг):Ръкоперки (Sarcopterygii)
(без ранг):Тетраподоморфи (Tetrapodomorpha)
(без ранг):Стегоцефали (Stegocephalia)
(без ранг):Амниоти (Amniota)
(без ранг):Синапсиди (Synapsida)
(без ранг):Терапсиди (†Therapsida)
(без ранг):Зверозъби влечуги (†Theriodontia)
клас:Бозайници (Mammalia)
(без ранг):Еутерии (Eutheria)
разред:Гризачи (Rodentia)
семейство:Хомякови (Cricetidae)
род:Сиви полевки (Microtus)
подрод:Terricola
вид:Подземна полевка (M. subterraneus)
Научно наименование
(Selys, 1836)
Подземна полевка в Общомедия
[ редактиране ]

Подземната полевка (Microtus subterraneus), позната още като европейска подземна полевка е вид бозайник, гризач от семейство Хомякови (Cricetidae). Разпространена е Централна и Източна Европа (вкл. България), Русия и Турция.

Физически характеристики

Тялото ѝ е дълго прибл. 10 см, а опашката – 3 до 4 см[3]. Има относително малки очи и къси уши[3]. Има пет мазолести издутини на задните си стъпала[3]. Гърбът ѝ е тъмносив с кафяво-жълтеникави оттенъци, а коремът – сив[3]. Отгоре опашката ѝ е сиво-кафява, а отдолу – белезникава[3].

Разпространение

Разпространена е на територията на Западна, Централна и Югоизточна Европа, включително и в България, както и в южните и югозападните райони на Русия и Мала Азия[3]. Разпространена е неравномерно в малочислени популации с ареал, съответстващ избрания тип местообитания[3].

Местообитание

Обитава зоната на лесостепите, смесените и широколистните гори[3]. Предпочита места с висока тревна покривка и гъст подлес от храсти. Населява и редки гори и суходолни ливади, като достига субалпийския пояс от ливади и храсти[3]. Голяма част от живота ѝ преминава под земята, откъдето идва и името на вида[3]. Копае дълги и сложни ходове близко под повърхността на земята, понякога непосредствено под листната настилка[3]. Изхвърля изкопаната пръст на купчинки на повърхността[3]. Гнездото ѝ обикновено е скрито на ок. 25 см сред корените на дърветата[3]. Живее на колонии, най-вече в южните райони на ареала си[3]. Край входовете на дупките ѝ се забелязват пътечки по повърхността на тревата[3].

Хранене

През пролетта се храни с коренища и луковици, през лятото с листа, а през есента и зимата със семена[3]. Понякога яде и насекоми[3].

Размножаване и развитие

Ражда от 3 до 7 малки 3 – 4 пъти в годината[3].

Източници

  1. ↑ Microtus subterraneus (Selys, 1836). // IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Посетен на 2 януари 2023 г. (на английски)
  2. ↑ Червена книга на Република България. Подземна полевка. Посетен на 2022-03-28
  3. ↑ а б в г д е ж з и к л м н о п р с т Марков, Георги. Бозайници. 2. осн. прер. изд. София, Наука и изкуство, 1988, с. 175


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