Кадет

Тази статия е за звание. За модела автомобили вижте Опел Кадет. За историческата партия в Русия вижте Конституционно-демократическа партия.

Кадет е звание, присъждано на военнослужещи, обучаващи се за офицери.[1] От 18 век в много европейски страни кадетът е често срещано обозначение за подрастващи благородници, служещи в армията.

В Германия званието кадет (на немски: Seekadett) се използва само във флота. За германските сухопътни войски и Луфтвафе на обучаващите се за офицери се присъжда ранг фаненюнкер (Fahnenjunker) или фанрих (Fähnrich). Абсолютен аналог на кадет в България е терминът „курсант“ – студент във военен или полицейски университет.

Етимология

Думата кадет произлиза от западния гасконски диалект на френския език – capdèth – означавайки „малка глава“, произхождайки от своя страна от латинското capitellum – умалителна форма на caput,capitis – „глава“. Първоначално се отнася за син на гасконски благородник, който служи като офицер в армията на френския крал. По-късно кадет се използва във Франция като синоним на „по-млад/най-млад“, а в по-тесен смисъл – на „(по-младия/най-младия) син на благородник“. Тъй като по правило само най-възрастният (най-големият) син получавал семейното наследство, родените след него по-млади (по-малки) синове на благородници традиционно търсели късмета си или на духовническа служба в църквата, или в армията.[2]

Думата – на руски: кадет, на немски: Kadett и на френски: cadet – исторически се използва за „по-малък брат“; „младши по служба“; ученик във военно или морско училище. Гасконската дума capdet, от своя страна е свързана с провансалската диалектна дума capdel, значеща „началник, главатар“. А служещите в кралската армия на Франция от територията на Гаскония са били най-често по-малките синове на знатни семейства от региона.[3]

Източници

  1. ↑ РБЕ
  2. ↑ Duden online. Kadett // Duden online. Cornelsen Verlag. Посетен на 2023-01-30. (на немски)
  3. ↑ Български етимологичен речник, том II. Първо издание. София, БАН, 1979. с. 130. Посетен на 12.04.2022.
Тази статия, свързана с военно дело, все още е мъниче. Помогнете на Уикипедия, като я редактирате и разширите.

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