Импеданс

Серия статии на тема
Класическа електродинамика
Известни учени
Графично представяне на импеданса върху комплексната равнина.

Импедансът (на български се използва също терминът пълно съпротивление или комплексно съпротивление) е физична величина, въведена в анализа на линейни електрически вериги при синусоидален ток. Импедансът е обобщение на електрическото съпротивление, включващ всички загуби от активни, индуктивни и капацитивни съставки във веригите. За разлика от активното електрическо съпротивление, импедансът се представя като комплексно число, чиято имагинерна част е реактивното съпротивление на включените в електрическата верига бобини и кондензатори, съответно с тяхната индуктивност и капацитет. При идеалните резистори импедансът винаги е равен на активното съпротивление.[1] Наименованието „импеданс“ е въведено от Оливър Хевисайд (Oliver Heaviside), който за първи път използва този термин през 1886 г. Впоследствие, терминът придобива по-общо значение и започва да се използва и в други области на науката и техниката, за представяне на нелинейно изменящи се величини.

Импедансът се изразява математически като сума от активното и реактивно съпротивления:

или в полярни координати:

където:

е импедансът;
е активното съпротивление;
e реактивното съпротивление;
е имагинерната единица;

Вижте също

Източници

  1. ↑ Bird, John. Electrical Circuit Theory & Technology - 5th Edition. Routledge, 2014. ISBN 978-0-415-66286-4.
Тази статия, свързана с физика, все още е мъниче. Помогнете на Уикипедия, като я редактирате и разширите.

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