Ulmus okanaganensis

Ulmus okanaganensis
Temporal range: Ypresian
U. okanaganensis sucker-shoot leaf
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Rosales
Family: Ulmaceae
Genus: Ulmus
Subgenus: U. subg. Ulmus
Species:
U. okanaganensis
Binomial name
Ulmus okanaganensis
Denk & Dillhoff

Ulmus okanaganensis is an extinct species of flowering plant in the family Ulmaceae related to the modern elms. The species is known from fossil leaves, flowers, and fruits found in the early Eocene deposits of northern Washington state, United States and similar aged formations in British Columbia, Canada.

History and classification

U. okanaganensis fossils have been identified from five locations in Western North America. The type description listed occurrences at the 49 million year old Klondike Mountain Formation near Republic, Washington plus the British Columbian sites of One Mile Creek near Princeton, British Columbia, the McAbee Fossil Beds east of Cache Creek, and in the Driftwood Canyon Provincial Park northeast of Smithers.[1] In 2009 the species was reported from a fourth British Columbian site near Falkland.[2] Ages for the Okanagan Highland locations are, in general, Early Eocene, with the sites that have current uranium-lead or argon–argon radiometric dates being of Ypresian age, while the undated sites or those given older dates being possibly slightly younger and Lutetian in age.[3]

Roland Brown examined fossils from the Klondike Mountain formation in a 1936 paper and placed some leaves into the extinct species Zelkova oregoniana along with fossils from the Latah Formation in Washington, which the Republic fossils were thought to belong to, and the John Day Formation in Oregon.[4] Ulmaceous fruits from the Princeton area had been tentatively identified as a species of Chaetoptelea,[5] a southern North American genus that is now included into Ulmus. The discovery of leaves attached to branchlets with fruits, and attached to branchlets attached to flowers at several fossil sites led to a restudy of the Okanagan highlands leaves and fruits. Fossils of leaves and fruits that had previously been identified as Zelkova and Chaetoptelea along with additional specimens were studied by paleobotanists Thomas Denk and Richard Dillhoff, with the type description for U. okanaganensis being published in a 2005 Canadian Journal of Botany article.[1] They chose the specific name okanaganensis, in reference to the Okanagan Highlands, of Central British Columbia and northern Washington, where the species is a common paleofloral element of the Eocene lake deposits in the region.[1]

Based on phylogenetic analysis that was performed by Denk and Dillhoff, U. okanaganensis was placed as a member of Ulmus subgenus Ulmus, between U. section Microptelea and U. section Ulmus. Denk and Dillhoff noted that the results of the analysis also suggested the subgenus to be a grade basal to the derived species in Ulmus subgenus Oreoptelea. The morphology of the leaf edges and bases was noted to be similar to fossils found in Paleocene rocks of Ellesmere Island, late Paleocene to Early Eocene rocks of Spitsbergen, and Paleocene rocks of North-east China.[1] The species Early Eocene Ulmus fushunensis described in 2010 from the Jijuntun Formation of Liaoning Province, China, displays noted similarities to U. okanaganensis as well.[6]

Description

The studied leaves of U. okanaganensis are split into three major morphotypes, leaves from sucker-shoot stems of the trees, leaves from the "elongation" or short branches, and leaves from the reproductive shoots.

The sucker-shoot leaves range up to 130 mm (5.1 in) in length. The short, thick petiole is bracketed by uneven lobes of the leaf base, with one lobe typically being distinctly larger than the other. The leaves have a pinnate vein structure, with the primary vein having between twelve and fourteen secondary veins branching from it at decreasingly sharp angles from apex to base of the leaf. The secondary veins and the exterior branches off the secondaries terminate in teeth along the leaf margins. The leaves have compound teeth, each of the large teeth on having a smaller tooth located basally between it and the next large tooth. All the teeth typically have convex sides that terminate at blunt tooth tips, though occasional teeth have straight or concave sides.[1]

In the elongation shoot leaves, the petioles are short and thick, though shorter and thinner than those of the sucker-shoot leaves. Similarly the leaves are smaller, ranging up to 80 mm (3.1 in) long, and the bases are typically only slightly asymmetrical. They have a cordate to auriculate leaf blade base and an acute leaf tip. The primary vein ranges between fully straight and slightly curved as it progresses from base to tip. There are a similar number of secondary veins to those in the other two leaf types, with a usual minimum of eleven pairs; however, the angle of the secondaries to the primary increases towards the base rather than decreasing as seen in the sucker-shoot leaves.[1]

The short-shoot leaves are range between 30 mm (1.2 in) and 80 mm (3.1 in) long, much like the length of the elongation shoot leaves. However the elongation shoot leaves are up to 30 mm (1.2 in) wide while short shoot leaves are 10–20 mm (0.39–0.79 in) wide. There are between eight and fourteen secondary veins, with up to three veins branching off the undersides of each secondary close to the leaf base, though one to no veins branch from the secondaries near the leaf tip. The teeth on short-shoot leaves are simple, with the apical side of each tooth usually concave and the basal side usually convex.[1]

The flowers and fruits develop on fascicles at the leaf nodes of branches. The fruits are small, ranging between 2.5–3.75 mm (0.098–0.148 in), with a pedicel up to 3.5 mm (0.14 in) long. Like species of the modern Ulmus section Chaetoptelea, the fruits do not have a surrounding wing, and the styles on the fruit apex are free. The U. sect. Chaetoptelea fruits are noted to be distinctly ciliate, having many fine hairs on the fruits, but only one fossil has been described showing ciliate, the other specimens are all smooth, possibly as a result of processes before fossilization.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Denk, T.; Dillhoff, R.M. (2005). "Ulmus leaves and fruits from the Early-Middle Eocene of northwestern North America: systematics and implications for character evolution within Ulmaceae". Canadian Journal of Botany. 83 (12): 1663–1681. doi:10.1139/b05-122.
  2. ^ Smith, R.Y.; Basinger, J.F.; Greenwood, D.R. (2009). "Depositional setting, fossil flora, and paleoenvironment of the Early Eocene Falkland site, Okanagan Highlands, British Columbia". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 46 (11): 811–822. Bibcode:2009CaJES..46..811S. doi:10.1139/E09-053.
  3. ^ Greenwood, D.R.; Archibald, S.B.; Mathewes, R.W; Moss, P.T. (2005). "Fossil biotas from the Okanagan Highlands, southern British Columbia and northeastern Washington State: climates and ecosystems across an Eocene landscape". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 42 (2): 167–185. Bibcode:2005CaJES..42..167G. doi:10.1139/e04-100.
  4. ^ Brown, R.W. (1936). "Additions to some fossil floras of the western United States". USGS Professional Paper. PP 186-J.
  5. ^ Wehr, W.C. (1995). "Early Tertiary flowers, fruits and seeds of Washington state and adjacent areas" (PDF). Washington Geology. 23 (3): 8–9.
  6. ^ Wang, Q.; Manchester, S.R.; Li, C.; Geng, B. (2010). "Fruits and leaves of Ulmus from the Paleogene of Fushun, northeastern China". International Journal of Plant Sciences. 171 (2): 221–226. doi:10.1086/648991. S2CID 86362283.

Read other articles:

Greek word meaning 'character' For other uses, see Ethos (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Ethnos. A sculpture representing Ethos outside the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly in Canberra, Australia Ethos (/ˈiːθɒs/ or US: /ˈiːθoʊs/) is a Greek word meaning 'character' that is used to describe the guiding beliefs or ideals that characterize a community, nation, or ideology; and the balance between caution, and passion.[1] The Greeks also used this word t...

 

Bergen op ZoomMunisipalitasMarkiezenhof BenderaLambang kebesaranNegaraBelandaProvinsiBrabant UtaraLuas(2006) • Total93,13 km2 (3,596 sq mi) • Luas daratan80,76 km2 (3,118 sq mi) • Luas perairan12,38 km2 (478 sq mi)Populasi (1 Januari 2007) • Total65.454 • Kepadatan810/km2 (2,100/sq mi) Sumber: CBS, Statline.Zona waktuUTC+1 (CET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+2 (CEST) Ko...

 

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Verdier. Fabrice Verdier Fonctions Président de la communauté de communes Pays d'Uzès En fonction depuis le 9 juillet 2020(3 ans, 8 mois et 24 jours) Élection 9 juillet 2020 Prédécesseur Jean-Luc Chapon Conseiller régional d'Occitanie En fonction depuis le 13 décembre 2015(8 ans, 3 mois et 20 jours) Élection 13 décembre 2015 Réélection 27 juin 2021 Président Carole Delga Groupe politique Socialiste républicain et c...

City in Sinaloa, Mexico For other uses, see Culiacán Municipality. Not to be confused with Culiacancito. This article is written like a travel guide. Please help improve the article by introducing an encyclopedic style or move the content to Wikivoyage. (June 2022) Place in Sinaloa, MexicoCuliacán Rosales Coat of armsNickname(s): La Perla del Humaya (The Pearl of the Humaya)Motto(s):  Clockwise, from upper left:Panoramic view of Culiacán, Culiacán Botanical Garden, Culiacán Cat...

 

Show ChampionGenreMusikPresenterGaonKeumNegara asalKorea SelatanBahasa asliKoreaJmlh. episode512 (per 3 April 2024)ProduksiDurasi80 menitRilis asliJaringanMBC M, MBC Every1 (Korea Selatan)ALL THE K-POP (Seluruh dunia, siaran langsung lewat YouTube)Format gambar1080iRilis14 Februari 2012 –sekarang Show Champion (bahasa Korea: 쇼 챔피언) adalah program musik televisi Korea Selatan yang disiarkan langsung oleh MBC M setiap Rabu di Pusat Penyiaran Bitmaru di Ilsan.[1] Saat...

 

Pour les autres espèces de bouquetins, voir Bouquetin. Capra sibirica Yanghir.Classification Règne Animalia Embranchement Chordata Sous-embr. Vertebrata Classe Mammalia Sous-classe Theria Infra-classe Eutheria Ordre Artiodactyla Famille Bovidae Sous-famille Caprinae Genre Capra EspèceCapra sibirica(Pallas, 1776) Statut de conservation UICN NT  : Quasi menacé Statut CITES Annexe III , Rév. du 24/06/2014 Le bouquetin d'Asie, Capra sibirica, également connu sous divers noms régional...

Extinct genus of pliosaurid SachicasaurusTemporal range: Barremian~130–120 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Holotype specimen of Sachicasaurus. Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Superorder: †Sauropterygia Order: †Plesiosauria Family: †Pliosauridae Subfamily: †Brachaucheninae Genus: †Sachicasaurus Species: †S. vitae Binomial name †Sachicasaurus vitaePáramo Fonseca et al., 2018 Sachicasaurus is an ...

 

Pescara CircuitLokasiPescara, ItalyAcara besarFormula One Pescara Grand Prix Coppa Acerbo Targa AbruzzoPanjang25.8 km (16.032 mi)Rekor lap9:44.6 ( Stirling Moss, Vanwall, 1957) Sirkuit Pescara adalah jalur balap sepanjang 16.032 mil (25,8 km) di dekat Pescara, Italia. Sirkuit ini merupakan sirkuit yang cukup panjang untuk ukuran waktus saat itu mengalahkan sirkuit lainnya seperti Nurburgring Jalanannya sempit dan bergelombang. Seperti banyak sirkuit panjang (seperti sirkuit Nürburgring ...

 

Epic poem attributed to Homer For other uses, see Iliad (disambiguation). Iliadby HomerInscription of lines 468–473, Book I. 400–500 AD, from Egypt. On display at the British MuseumOriginal titleἸλιάςTranslatorGeorge Chapman and others; see English translations of HomerWrittenc. 8th century BCCountryAncient GreeceLanguageHomeric GreekGenre(s)Epic poetryPublication date1488Published in English1598; 426 years ago (1598)Lines15,693Followed byThe OdysseyMetreDact...

Not to be confused with Mary Ritter Beard. English classicist (born 1955) DameMary BeardDBE FSA FBA FRSLBeard in 2017BornWinifred Mary Beard (1955-01-01) 1 January 1955 (age 69)Much Wenlock, Shropshire, EnglandSpouse Robin Cormack ​(m. 1985)​Awards Wolfson History Prize (2009) Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (2018) Princess of Asturias Awards (2016) Bodley Medal (2016) Academic backgroundEducationNewnham College, Cambridge (MA, P...

 

Apostolic journey to Iraq Apostolic Journey to IraqPope Francis giving a speech in the hall of the Presidential Palace, BaghdadDate5–8 March 2021LocationUrBaghdadNajafQaraqoshErbilMosulWebsiteVatican website Pope Francis's visit to Iraq took place between 5 March and 8 March 2021. The visit was accorded on following an invitation of the Government of Iraq and the Chaldean Catholic Church. The visit was remembered as an attempt to mend bridges between the different faiths in Iraq. During thi...

 

Species of fish Honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra from French Polynesia Conservation status Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Order: Perciformes Family: Serranidae Subfamily: Epinephelinae Genus: Epinephelus Species: E. merra Binomial name Epinephelus merraBloch, 1793 Synonyms[2] Cephalopholis merra (Bloch, 1793) Serranus merra (Bloch, 1793) The honeycomb grouper (Epinep...

المعالجة بالسعادةSilver Linings Playbook (بالإنجليزية) الملصق السينمائيمعلومات عامةالصنف الفني  القائمة ... فيلم دراما[2][3][4] — فيلم عيد الميلاد — كوميديا رومانسية — فيلم كوميدي — فيلم مقتبس من رواية — American football film (en) المواضيع قمار — عائلة مختلة تاريخ الصدور 8 سبتمبر 2...

 

Edmund WilsonLahirEdmund Wilson(1895-05-08)8 Mei 1895Red Bank, New Jersey, U.S.Meninggal12 Juni 1972(1972-06-12) (umur 77)Talcottville, New York, U.S.PekerjaanLiterary critic, essayist, editor, journalist, writerKebangsaanAmericanPendidikanPrinceton UniversityGenrenon-fictionKarya terkenalAxel's Castle, To the Finland Station, Patriotic Gore Edmund Wilson adalah seorang kritikus sekaligus jurnalis sastra berkebangsaan Amerika yang terkemuka di zamannya.[1] Dia lahir di Red B...

 

Business technology news website ZDNETType of siteNews websiteAvailable inEnglish, Japanese, French, Korean, GermanOwnerRed Ventures[1]EditorJason HinerURLzdnet.comRegistrationOptionalUsers36 million monthly[2]Launched April 1, 1991; 33 years ago (1991-04-01) (subscription service) 1994; 30 years ago (1994) (website)[3] ZDNET is a business technology news website owned and operated by Red Ventures.[1] The brand was found...

I Ketut Suardana Wakil Kepala Kepolisian Daerah BaliMasa jabatan18 Februari 2021 – 24 Juni 2023PendahuluRoycke Harry LangiePenggantiI Gusti Kade Budhi Harryarsana Informasi pribadiLahir31 Desember 1967 (umur 56)Buleleng, BaliAlma materAkademi Kepolisian (1990)Karier militerPihak IndonesiaDinas/cabang Kepolisian Negara Republik IndonesiaMasa dinas1990—sekarangPangkat Inspektur Jenderal PolisiNRP67120446SatuanSDMPertempuran/perangOperasi SerojaSunting kotak info ...

 

Study of physical conditions and processes within the ocean World ocean bathymetry. Physical oceanography is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean waters. Physical oceanography is one of several sub-domains into which oceanography is divided. Others include biological, chemical and geological oceanography. Physical oceanography may be subdivided into descriptive and dynamical physical oceanography.[...

 

Voce principale: Diritti LGBT in Europa. La Danimarca avvolta dai colori della bandiera arcobaleno. La Danimarca, come il resto della Scandinavia, è molto liberale nei confronti dei diritti concessi alle persone lesbiche, gay, bisessuali e transgender (LGBT). Infatti, il paese è da sempre tra i più avanzati su questo tema: la depenalizzazione delle attività omosessuali risale al 1933 (primo paese nella regione a farlo), sebbene soltanto nel 1977 l'età del consenso fu fissata a 15 anni s...

Questa voce sugli argomenti calciatori svedesi e calciatori palestinesi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti dei progetti di riferimento 1, 2. Ahmed AwadNazionalità Svezia Palestina (dal 2016) Altezza182 cm Peso74 kg Calcio RuoloCentrocampista, attaccante Squadra Ariana FC CarrieraGiovanili  Brage Squadre di club1 2009-2012 Dalkurd49 (14)2013 IFK Värnamo22 (0)2014-2019 Dalkurd146 (43...

 

American political scientist and sinologist David ShambaughShambaugh speaking in 2015CitizenshipAmericanOccupation(s)Gaston Sigur Professor of Asian Studies, Political Science & International AffairsAcademic backgroundEducationElliott School of International Affairs, George Washington University (BA) Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University (MA) University of Michigan (PhD)Doctoral advisorMichel OksenbergAcademic workDisciplineInternational relation...