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Trachycarpeae
	Johannesteijsmannia altifrons
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Clade:	Commelinids
Order:	Arecales
Family:	Arecaceae
Subfamily:	Coryphoideae
Tribe:	Trachycarpeae; Satake
Type genus
	Trachycarpus; H.Wendl.
Genera
	Acoelorraphe H.Wendl.; Brahea Mart. ex Endl.; Chamaerops L.; Colpothrinax Griseb. & H.Wendl.; Copernicia Mart. ex Endl.; Guihaia J.Dransf., S.K. Lee & F.N. Wei; Johannesteijsmannia H.E. Moore; Lanonia A.J. Hend. & C.D. Bacon; Licuala Wurmb; Livistona R.Br.; Maxburretia Furtado; Pholidocarpus Blume; Pritchardia Seem. & H.Wendl. ex H.Wendl.; Rhapidophyllum H.Wendl. & Drude; Rhapis L.f. ex Aiton; Saribus Blume; Serenoa Benth. & Hook.f; Trachycarpus H.Wendl.; Washingtonia H.Wendl.;

Trachycarpeae is a tribe of palms in subfamily Coryphoideae of the plant family Arecaceae.^[1]^[2] It has the widest distribution of any tribe in Coryphoideae and is found on all continents (except Antarctica), though the greatest concentration of species is in Southeast Asia.^[3] Trachycarpeae includes palms from both tropical and subtropical zones; the northernmost naturally-occurring palm is a member of this tribe (Chamaerops humilis).^[4] Several genera can be found in cultivation in temperate areas, for example species of Trachycarpus, Chamaerops, Rhapidophyllum and Washingtonia.^[5]

Description

Palms in this tribe have palmate leaves with induplicate folds (reduplicate in Guihaia).^[3] Plants may be tall, single-stemmed trees (e.g. Copernicia, Brahea, Pritchardia), acaulescent with short, squat trunks (e.g. Maxburretia, Johannesteijsmannia), multi-stemmed (e.g. Rhapis, Acoelorraphe) or branched and prostrate (e.g. Serenoa). These palms flower regularly throughout their lives (pleonanthic) and may be dioecious, monoecious or hermaphroditic.^[3]

Taxonomy

Trachycarpeae is one of eight tribes in the subfamily Coryphoideae.^[6] The tribe is monophyletic, but phylogenetic studies have yet to reveal its closest relatives, though they could be the Phoeniceae, or the Sabaleae and Cryosophileae.^[3] Initially described as tribe 'Livistoneae', the name Trachycarpeae has priority.^[3] In previous classifications, all the members of this tribe were included in tribe Corypheae.^[7]

Trachycarpeae is divided into two subtribes: Rhapidinae have flowers with three separate carpels, whereas in subtribe Livistoniinae the flower carpels are free at the base, but the styles are fused together.^[3] All genera in Rhapidinae are native to the Old World, except North American Rhapidophyllum. Livistoninae are widely distributed in both the New World and Southeast Asia and Australia. A single species (Livistona carinensis) has its main area of distribution in Africa, with Chamaerops humilis extending into northern Africa. Several genera in this tribe have yet to be allocated to a subtribe, due to a lack of convincing data from phylogenetic studies.^[6]

Rhapidinae^[3]^[6]

Chamaerops - (1 sp., C. humilis, Mediterranean)
Guihaia - (3 spp., China, Vietnam)
Trachycarpus - (11 spp., Himalayas, Indochina)
Rhapidophyllum - (1 sp., R. hystrix, Southeast USA)
Maxburretia - (3 spp., Malay Peninsula)
Rhapis - (11 spp., Indochina, Sumatra)

Livistoninae^[3]^[6]

Livistona - (approx. 27 spp., Southeast Asia, Australia, NE Africa)
Licuala - (167 spp., Southeast Asia)
Lanonia - (13 spp., Indochina)
Johannesteijsmannia - (4 spp., Malaysia, Indonesia)
Pholidocarpus - (6 spp., Malaysia, Indonesia)
Saribus - (9 spp., Philippines to New Caledonia)

Unplaced genera^[3]^[6]

Acoelorraphe - (1 sp., A. wrightii, Caribbean)
Serenoa - (1 sp., S. repens, Southeast USA)
Brahea - (approx. 10 spp., Mexico & Guatemala)
Colpothrinax - (3 spp., Central America & Cuba)
Copernicia - (21 spp., Caribbean, South America)
Pritchardia - (approx. 27 spp., Pacific)
Washingtonia - (2 spp., California, Mexico)

The above classification was published prior to the recognition of the genera Saribus and Lanonia; however, both are clearly members of subtribe Livistoniinae. Saribus includes species formerly in Livistona and monotypic Pritchardiopsis,^[8] while Lanonia species were previously included in Licuala.^[9]^[10]

Gallery

References

^ Baker, William J.; Dransfield, John (2016). "Beyond Genera Palmarum: progress and prospects in palm systematics". Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 182 (2): 207–233. doi:10.1111/boj.12401.
^ Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum: The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 978-1-84246-182-2.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2008). Genera Palmarum - The Evolution and Classification of Palms. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 9781842461822.
^ "Chamaerops humilis - Plant Finder". www.missouribotanicalgarden.org. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
^ "Cold Hardy Palms for Temperate Gardens". Plant Delights Nursery. Retrieved 2018-03-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Dransfield, John; Uhl, Natalie W.; Asmussen, Conny B.; Baker, William J.; Harley, Madeline M.; Lewis, Carl E. (2005). "A new phylogenetic classification of the palm family, Arecaceae". Kew Bulletin. 60: 559–569 – via ResearchGate.
^ Uhl, Natalie W.; Dransfield, John (1987). Genera Palmarum: A Classification of Palms Based on the Work of Harold E. Moore, Jr. L.H. Bailey Hortorium. ISBN 9780935868302.
^ Bacon, Christine D.; Baker, William J. (2011). "Saribus Resurrected". Palms. 55 (3): 109–116 – via ResearchGate.
^ Henderson, Andrew J.; Bacon, Christine D. (2011). "Lanonia (Arecaceae: Palmae), a New Genus from Asia, with a Revision of the Species". Systematic Botany. 36 (4): 883–895. doi:10.1600/036364411x604903. JSTOR 41416905. S2CID 84318474.
^ Henderson, Andrew; Dung, Nguyen Quoc (2017-09-29). "New species of Lanonia, Licuala, and Pinanga (Arecaceae) from Vietnam". Phytotaxa. 323 (2): 159. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.323.2.4. ISSN 1179-3163.