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Tin(IV) sulfide
Names
	IUPAC name Tin(IV) sulfide
	Other names Tin disulfide, Stannic sulfide, Mosaic gold
Identifiers
CAS Number	1315-01-1 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; (S=Sn=S): Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:50886 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.013.867
EC Number	215-252-9;
PubChem CID	73977; 15238661 (S=Sn=S);
UNII	YVY89V9BUH ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID101014322 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2S.Sn/q2*-2;+4 [inchi] Key: TUTLDIXHQPSHHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [inchi];
	SMILES [S-2].[S-2].[Sn+4]; (S=Sn=S): S=[Sn]=S;
Properties
Chemical formula	S2Sn
Molar mass	182.83 g·mol−1
Appearance	Gold-yellow powder
Odor	Odorless
Density	4.5 g/cm3
Melting point	600 °C (1,112 °F; 873 K) ; decomposes
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Solubility	Soluble in aq. alkalis, decompose in aqua regia; Insoluble in alkyl acetates, acetone
Structure
Crystal structure	Rhombohedral, hP3
Space group	P3m1, No. 164
Point group	3 2/m
Lattice constant	a = 3.65 Å, c = 5.88 Å α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 120°
Coordination geometry	Octahedral (Sn4+)
Hazards
	GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Warning
Hazard statements	H302, H312, H315, H319, H332, H335
Precautionary statements	P261, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P332+P313
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 0 0
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Tin(IV) sulfide is a compound with the formula Sn S
₂. The compound crystallizes in the cadmium iodide motif, with the Sn(IV) situated in "octahedral holes' defined by six sulfide centers.^[5] It occurs naturally as the rare mineral berndtite.^[6] It is useful as semiconductor material with band gap 2.2 eV.^[7]

Reactions

The compound precipitates as a brown solid upon the addition of H
₂S to solutions of tin(IV) species. This reaction is reversed at low pH. Crystalline SnS
₂ has a bronze color and is used in decorative coating^[8] where it is known as mosaic gold.

The material also reacts with sulfide salts to give a series of thiostannates with the formula [SnS
₂]
_m[S]²ⁿ⁻
_n. A simplified equation for this depolymerization reaction is

SnS
₂ + S²⁻
→ ⁠1x⁠[SnS²⁻
₃]
_x.

Applications

Tin (IV) sulfide has various uses in electrochemistry. It can be used in anodes of lithium-ion batteries, where an intercalation process occurs to form Li₂S.^[9] It can also be used in a similar way in electrodes of supercapacitors, which can be used as alternative source of energy storage.^[10]

SnS₂ has also been identified as a potential component of thermoelectric devices, which convert thermal energy to electrical energy. In one example, this property was made possible by forming a composite of SnS₂ with multiwalled carbon nanotubes.^[11]

SnS₂ can also be used in wastewater treatment. Forming a membrane with SnS₂ and carbon nanofibers can potentially allow for the reduction of certain impurities in water, an example of which is hexavalent chromium.^[12]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Lide, David R., ed. (2009). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (90th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4200-9084-0.
^ Comey, Arthur Messinger; Hahn, Dorothy A. (February 1921). A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic (2nd ed.). New York: The MacMillan Company. p. 1080.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Voort, G.F. Vander, ed. (2004). "Crystal Structure*" (PDF). ASM Handbook. 9 (Metallography and Microstructures): 29–43. doi:10.1361/asmhba0003722 (inactive 1 November 2024).{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "SDS of Stannic sulfide" (PDF). pfaltzandbauer.com. Connecticut, USA: Pfaltz & Bauer, Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-07-14. Retrieved 2014-07-13.
^ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.
^ Vaughan, D. J.; Craig, J. R. "Mineral Chemistry of Metal Sulfides" Cambridge University Press, Cambridge: 1978. ISBN 0-521-21489-0.
^ L.A.Burton et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2016, 4, 1312-1318 DOI: 10.1039/C5TA08214E.
^ Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
^ Cupid, D. M.; Rezqita, A.; Glibo, A.; Artner, M.; Bauer, V.; Hamid, R.; Jahn, M.; Flandorfer, H. (2021). "Understanding and Modelling the Thermodynamics and Electrochemistry of Lithiation of Tin (IV) Sulfide as an Anode Active Material for Lithium Ion Batteries". Electrochim. Acta. 375. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2021.137936.
^ Setayeshmehr, M.; Haghighi, M.; Mirabbaszadeh, K. (2021). "A Review of Tin Disulfide (SnS2) Composite Electrode Materials for Supercapacitors". Energy Storage. 4.
^ Park, D.; Kim, M.; Kim, J. (2022). "Strongly Coupled Tin(IV) Sulfide—MultiWalled Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Composites and Their Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties". Inorg. Chem. 61 (8): 3723–3729. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03953. PMID 35179362. S2CID 246944069.
^ Zhong, Y.; Qiu, X.; Chen, D.; Li, N.; Xu, Q.; Li, H.; He, J.; Lu, J. (2016). "Flexible Electrospun Carbon Nanofiber/Tin(IV) Sulfide Core/Sheath Membranes for Photocatalytically Treating Chromium(VI)-Containing Wastewater". ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 8 (42): 28671–28677. doi:10.1021/acsami.6b10241. PMID 27723961.