Thomas test

For the Theodore L. Thomas short story, see Theodore L. Thomas § Short stories.
Thomas test
PurposeTo rule out hip flexion contracture & psoas syndrome.

The Thomas test is a physical examination test, named after the Welsh orthopaedic surgeon, Hugh Owen Thomas (1834–1891), to rule out hip flexion contracture (fixed partial flexion of the hip) and psoas syndrome (injury to the psoas muscle).

Illustration of the Thomas test. From Hugh Thomas Owen's "Diseases of the hip, knee, and ankle joints: with their deformities, treated by a new and efficient method", 1875.

Description

The test consists of 3 steps:

  • Step 1: The patient lies supine on the examination table, holding their knee to their chest. The clinician passes the palm of her/his hand beneath the patient's spine to identify lumbar lordosis.
  • Step 2: The "unaffected" hip is flexed until the thigh just touches the abdomen to obliterate the lumbar lordosis. The pelvis should be in neutral tilt (not tilted anteriorly or posteriorly).
  • Step 3: The clinician then passively ranges the affected hip into extension. Once the pelvis begins to tilt anteriorly, stop the passive range of motion, hold the affected thigh in this position, and measure the angle between the affected thigh and table to reveal the fixed flexion deformity of the hip.

It is important to control the pelvic tilt to ensure that the Thomas test is valid for evaluating peak hip extension angle.[1]

Interpretation

If the iliopsoas muscle is shortened, or a contracture is present, the lower extremity on the involved side will be unable to fully extend at the hip. This constitutes a positive Thomas test.[2] Sometimes, with a very flexible patient, the Thomas test will be normal despite a psoas dysfunction being present. However, in the patient with a normal hip joint, a positive test is a good indicator of psoas hypertonicity.[2]

Other signs from the Thomas test:

The hip flexion contracture is physiologic in the first 3 months of life and if it is absent in this period it may be a sign of developmental dysplasia of the hip. It is used to identify unilateral fixed flexion deformity of the hip.[3]

Risk factors & associations

Psoas syndrome is often associated with runners, dancers, and gymnasts who complain of hip "stiffness" and reported "snapping" feeling when flexing at the waist.[4]

References

  1. ^ Vigotsky, Andrew D.; Lehman, Gregory J.; Beardsley, Chris; Contreras, Bret; Chung, Bryan; Feser, Erin H. (2016-08-11). "The modified Thomas test is not a valid measure of hip extension unless pelvic tilt is controlled". PeerJ. 4: e2325. doi:10.7717/peerj.2325. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 4991856. PMID 27602291.
  2. ^ a b Chila, Anthony G.; et al., eds. (2010). Foundations of Osteopathic Medicine. Published under the auspices of the American Osteopathic Association (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-0-7817-6671-5.
  3. ^ Musculoskeletal Examination, 2nd edition (2002), chapter 11, p. 327
  4. ^ Dydyk, Alexander M.; Sapra, Amit (2022), "Psoas Syndrome", StatPearls, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing, PMID 31869165, retrieved 2022-04-25
Stub icon

This medical sign article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

Read other articles:

Bedawi

Untuk kelompok masyarakat adat Sunda di Banten, Indonesia, lihat orang Kanekes. BaduiSebuah keluarga Badui di OmanDaerah dengan populasi signifikan Sudan10,199,000[butuh rujukan] Aljazair230,000[1]-2,257,000 ±[butuh rujukan] Arab Saudi467,000 (2013)[butuh rujukan] Irak1,437,000[butuh rujukan] Yordania380,000 (2007)[2] Libya916,000[butuh rujukan] Mesir902,000 (2007)[butuh rujukan] Suriah620...

 

 

Kalirejo, Bangil, Pasuruan

Untuk tempat lain yang bernama sama, lihat Kalirejo. KalirejoKelurahanSalah satu tambak di Kalirejo, BangilNegara IndonesiaProvinsiJawa TimurKabupatenPasuruanKecamatanBangilKode Kemendagri35.14.14.1014 Kode BPS3514150014 Luas-Jumlah penduduk3.562 (2003)Kepadatan- Kalirejo atau yang dulunya disebut Kancilmas, adalah kelurahan di utara kecamatan Bangil, Pasuruan, Jawa Timur, Indonesia. Kalirejo merupakan Markas Pendidikan dan Sekolah Agama di wilayah Bangil, Pasuruan. Secara administratif,...

 

 

Cross-country skiing at the 1992 Winter Olympics – Women's 10 kilometre freestyle pursuit

Women's 10 kilometre freestyle pursuitat the XVI Olympic Winter GamesVenueLes SaisiesDates15 FebruaryCompetitors58 from 21 nationsWinning time40:07.7Medalists Lyubov Yegorova Unified Team Stefania Belmondo Italy Yelena Välbe Unified Team1994 → Cross-country skiing at the1992 Winter Olympics5 kmwomen10 kmmenPursuitmenwomen15 kmwomen30 kmmenwomen50 kmmenRelaymenwomenvte The women's 10 kilometre freestyle pursuit cross-country skiing competition at the 1992 ...

Ranil Jayawardena

British politician The Right HonourableRanil JayawardenaMPOfficial portrait, 2022Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural AffairsIn office6 September 2022 – 25 October 2022Prime MinisterLiz TrussPreceded byGeorge EusticeSucceeded byThérèse CoffeyParliamentary Under-Secretary of State for International TradeIn office5 May 2020 – 6 September 2022Prime MinisterBoris JohnsonPreceded byOffice establishedSucceeded byJames DuddridgeDeputy Chairman of the Conservativ...

 

 

Réalisme (philosophie)

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Réalisme. En philosophie, le réalisme désigne la position qui affirme l’existence d’une réalité extérieure indépendante de notre esprit. Le réalisme affirme à la fois l’existence et l’indépendance du monde[1]. L’existence signifie qu’il y a un monde extérieur au sujet, et l’indépendance, que ce monde n’a pas besoin d’être relié à un sujet pour exister. Le réalisme affirme que le monde est une chose et que nos représentation...

 

 

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

Berbers

Diverse grouping of distinct ethnic groups indigenous to North Africa For other uses, see Berbers (disambiguation). This article has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting. (December 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) BerbersAmazighsImaziɣen, ⵉⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵏ, ⵎⵣⵗⵏArabic: بربر – أمازيغThe Berber ethnic flagTotal population36 million[1][2][3&#...

 

 

Bernardo Leighton

The HonorableBernardo LeightonLeighton in the early 1970s.Chilean Minister of the InteriorIn officeNovember 3, 1964 – February 5, 1968PresidentEduardo Frei MontalvaPreceded bySótero del RíoSucceeded byEdmundo Pérez ZujovicChilean Minister of EducationIn officeFebruary 27, 1950 – February 4, 1952PresidentGabriel González VidelaPreceded byManuel Rodríguez ValenzuelaSucceeded byEliodoro DomínguezChilean Minister of LaborIn officeMay 24, 1937 – March 12, 193...

 

 

Arnad

Arnadcomune(IT) Comune di Arnad(FR) Commune d'Arnad Arnad – VedutaPanorama LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Valle d'Aosta ProvinciaNon presente AmministrazioneSindacoAlexandre Bertolin (Lista civica Arnà pé touit) dal 31-5-2022 Lingue ufficialiFrancese, italiano TerritorioCoordinate45°38′39.48″N 7°43′19.92″E / 45.6443°N 7.7222°E45.6443; 7.7222 (Arnad)Coordinate: 45°38′39.48″N 7°43′19.92″E / 45.6443°N 7.7222°...

E. Ross Adair

American politician For the Irish cricketer, see Ross Adair. E. Ross AdairMember of the U.S. House of Representativesfrom Indiana's 4th districtIn officeJanuary 3, 1951 – January 3, 1971Preceded byEdward H. KruseSucceeded byJ. Edward RoushUnited States Ambassador to EthiopiaIn officeJuly 8, 1971 – February 12, 1974Preceded byWilliam O. HallSucceeded byArthur W. Hummel Jr. Personal detailsBorn(1907-12-14)December 14, 1907Albion, Indiana, USDiedMay 5, 1983(1983...

 

 

FamilySearch

Genealogy organization operated by the LDS Church This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: FamilySearch – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2024) (Learn how and when to remove this message) FamilySearch InternationalPredecessorGenealogical Society of UtahFormationNovember 13, 1894; 129 years ago (1894-11-13)Foun...

 

 

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

哈萨克斯坦总统

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言，清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日（哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統） 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

 

 

來自深淵 (漫畫)

此條目疑似由大量爱好者内容组成。 (2023年8月1日)維基百科不是不經篩選的資訊收集處。請幫助改進這個條目，使用中立的語氣（而不是愛好者或媒體報道的語氣），移除瑣碎的軼事與未經證實的評論、不合適的列表和链接收集等。如條目內有愛好者可能感興趣而不符維基百科收錄標準的內容，可考慮將該等內容移至其他專門描寫來自深淵 (漫畫)的百科或網站，或在不存在�...

 

 

Hans Oster

Hans Oster Información personalNombre en alemán Hans Paul Oster Nacimiento 9 de agosto de 1887 Dresde (Imperio alemán) Fallecimiento 9 de abril de 1945 (57 años)campo de concentración de Flossenbürg (Alemania) Causa de muerte Ahorcamiento Sepultura Nordfriedhof Nacionalidad AlemanaReligión Luteranismo EducaciónEducado en Kreuzschule Información profesionalOcupación Militar y militante de la resistencia Años activo desde 1907Lealtad Alemania nazi Rama militar Ejército Imperial Alem...

I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)

I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho)Singel oleh Pitbulldari album Pitbull Starring in RebelutionBahasaInggrisSpanyolDirilis24 Februari 2009[1]Direkam2008GenreHip hopDurasi3:57LabelThe OrchardUltraJPolo GroundsMr. 305PenciptaArmando PerézEdward BelloDaniel SeraphineDavid WolinskiNicola FasanoPatrick GonellaStefano BoscoProduserFasanoPitbullKronologi singel Pitbull Shooting Star (Party Rock Remix) (2009) I Know You Want Me (Calle Ocho) (2009) Blanco (2009) Video musikI Know You Want Me (Cal...

 

 

Guangzhou–Shenzhen intercity railway

Railway line in China Not to be confused with Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway. Guangzhou–Shenzhenintercity railway(Suishen intercity railway)OverviewNative name穗深城际轨道交通穗深线LocaleGuangdong province:Guangzhou, Dongguan, ShenzhenTerminiGuangzhou EastShenzhen AirportStations16 (in operation)ServiceTypeHigher-speed regional railOperator(s) CR Guangzhou (Guangzhou East–Shenzhen Airport) Guangdong Intercity Railway Operation Co., Ltd.[a] (Huadu–Baiyun Airport North) R...

 

 

علم الوجود الجيني

أنطولوجيا الجيناتمعلومات عامةجزء من الأونتولوجيات الطبية الحيوية المفتوحة[1] الاسم المختصر go (باللغات متعددة) [1] الموضوع الرئيس جينناتج جينيعملية حيوية[2] حلَّ محل Subcellular anatomy ontology (en) [3] المساهم في العمل الإبداعي Pascale Gaudet (en) Tony Sawford (en) Nicolas Matentzoglu (en) المُطوِّر...

The Time Machine

The Time Machine Halaman judulPengarangH. G. WellsPerancang sampulBen HardyNegaraBritania RayaBahasaInggrisGenreFiksi ilmiahPenerbitWilliam Heinemann (UK)Henry Holt (US)Tanggal terbit1895Halaman84TeksThe Time Machine di Wikisource The Time Machine adalah novela fiksi ilmiah pasca-apokaliptik yang ditulis oleh H. G. Wells, yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1895. Karya ini umumnya dianggap sebagai pengenalan konsep perjalanan waktu melalui penggunaan kendaraan atau alat untuk melakukan perj...

 

 

Lydian language

Ancient Indo-European language LydianRegionLydiaEthnicityLydiansEraattested ca. 700–200 BCELanguage familyIndo-European AnatolianLuwo-Lydian?LydianWriting systemLydian alphabetLanguage codesISO 639-3xldLinguist ListxldGlottologlydi1241  LydianThis article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. Lydian is an extinct Indo-Euro...