Netflix released The Queen's Gambit on October 23, 2020. After four weeks it had become Netflix's most-watched scripted miniseries, making it Netflix's top program in 63 countries.[1][2] The series received critical acclaim, with particular praise for Taylor-Joy's performance, the cinematography, and production values. It also received a positive response from the chess community for its often accurate depictions of high-level chess, and data suggests that it increased public interest in the game.[3][4]
The Queen's Gambit follows the life of an orphan chess prodigy, Elizabeth Harmon, during her quest to become an elite chess player while struggling with emotional problems, drugs and alcohol dependency. The title of the series refers to a chess opening of the same name. The story is set in the mid-1950s and 1960s.[6]
In the 1950s in Lexington, Kentucky, a nine-year-old Beth, having lost her mother in a car crash, is taken to an orphanage where she is taught chess by the building's custodian, Mr. Shaibel. As was common at the time, the orphanage dispenses daily tranquilizer pills to the girls to "balance their disposition",[7][8] which turns into an addiction for Beth. She quickly becomes a strong chess player due to her visualization skills. A few years later, Beth is adopted by childless suburban couple Alma and Allston Wheatley. As she adjusts to her new home, Beth enters a chess tournament and wins despite having no prior experience in competitive chess. Alma is initially resistant to Beth's interest in chess, but after Beth wins her first tournament, Alma is fully supportive of her adoptive daughter's sojourns to enter various chess competitions. Beth develops friendships with several people, including former Kentucky State Champion Harry Beltik, United States National Champion Benny Watts, and journalist and fellow player D.L. Townes.
As Beth rises to the top of the chess world and reaps the financial benefits of her success, her drug and alcohol dependency worsens. With help from her oldest friend Jolene, whom she grew up with in the orphanage, she prepares for a major international chess tournament against the world's best players in Moscow.
Cast and characters
Main
Anya Taylor-Joy as Beth Harmon, an orphan who matures into a competitive young adult fueled by a desire to become the greatest chess player in the world while masking a growing addiction to the drugs and alcohol that allow her to function
Isla Johnston as nine-year-old Beth
Annabeth Kelly as five-year-old Beth
Bill Camp as William Shaibel, the custodian at the Methuen Home for Girls and an experienced chess player who teaches Beth how to play the game at age 9
Moses Ingram as Jolene, a rebellious teenager at the Methuen Home who becomes Beth's closest childhood friend
Christiane Seidel as Helen Deardorff, director of Methuen Home for Girls
Rebecca Root as Miss Lonsdale, the chaplain and choir director at Methuen
Chloe Pirrie as Alice Harmon, Beth's deceased mother (seen only in flashbacks) who earned a Ph.D. in mathematics at Cornell University before experiencing a downward spiral in her mental health
Akemnji Ndifornyen as Mr. Fergusson, the orderly at Methuen, who among other roles administers state-mandated pills to the girls
Marielle Heller as Alma Wheatley, who with her husband Allston adopts Beth as a young teenager and later acts as a manager for Beth's chess career. Alma's biological child died sometime before Beth's adoption, and she develops a worsening alcoholism that begins to influence Beth.
Harry Melling as Harry Beltik, Kentucky State Champion, whom Beth defeats in her first tournament and later befriends
Patrick Kennedy as Allston Wheatley, Alma's husband and Beth's estranged adoptive father
Jacob Fortune-Lloyd as D.L. Townes, a chess player and journalist who befriends Beth and with whom she is infatuated
Dolores Carbonari as Margaret, Beth's high school classmate and bully
Eloise Webb as Annette Packer, a friendly teenager who becomes Beth's first tournament opponent
Matthew and Russell Dennis Lewis as Matt and Mike, twin brothers who serve as event organisers and tournament directors at Beth's first tournament and go on to become her friends
Max Krause as Arthur Levertov, a grandmaster and friend of Benny's who assists Beth with her training
Ryan Wichert as Hilton Wexler, a strong player and chess problem enthusiast, friend of Benny
Guest
Jonjo O'Neill as Mr. Ganz, a local high school chess club teacher who invites a young Beth to play at his school
Elizabeth Harmon is orphaned at age 9 when her mother dies in a car crash on New Circle Road. She is subsequently taken to Methuen Home for Girls. At the orphanage, the children are given tranquilizing pills to make them more compliant. While dusting erasers in the basement, Beth discovers the custodian, Mr. Shaibel, studying chess on his own. After repeated requests, and demonstrating that she has already learned how the pieces move by observing him, he reluctantly agrees to teach her the game. She improves quickly, thanks to her spatial intelligence and abuse of the tranquilizers, which allow her to focus and visualize chess games on the ceiling above her bed. When she is able to beat him regularly, Shaibel introduces Beth to the local high school chess club teacher, Mr. Ganz, whom she also beats. Ganz invites her to play a simultaneous exhibition against his entire club. After the state passes a law outlawing the use of tranquilizers on children, Beth begins to suffer from withdrawal. Provided more than one tranquilizer pill by her friend Jolene, Beth beats Ganz's entire class easily, later commenting to Shaibel on their poor chess skills and how invigorating it was to win. Still suffering from withdrawal, she is caught stealing a jar of the tranquilizers and passes out after swallowing several mouthfuls of pills.
2
"Exchanges"
Scott Frank
Scott Frank
October 23, 2020 (2020-10-23)
Beth is adopted as a teenager by Lexington couple Alma and Allston Wheatley. Alma is unhappy, while Allston is emotionally distant and frequently absent. At her new high school, Beth is bullied by the popular girls from the "Apple Pi Club" for her drab clothes and obvious intelligence. Beth steals tranquilizers from her mother (the same kind that she was given at the orphanage), and again begins to visualize chess positions on the ceiling. She also steals a chess magazine and learns about the upcoming Kentucky State Championship. Short of money, she writes to Mr. Shaibel, who sends her $5 for the entrance fee. She surprises the organizers by cruising through her early games, and develops a crush on a young man named Townes. After the second day of the tournament, Beth comes home to find that Allston has deserted her and Alma. Beth fears that she will be sent back to the orphanage, but Alma tells her they will lie so she can stay. During her final game of the tournament against state champion Harry Beltik, Beth becomes flustered by his late arrival and runs to the restroom, where she takes a tranquilizer pill to help win the game. Alma plans to take Beth to a tournament in Cincinnati where substantial prize money is up for grabs.
3
"Doubled Pawns"
Scott Frank
Scott Frank
October 23, 2020 (2020-10-23)
Beth wins the tournament in Cincinnati, giving Alma 15% of the prize money. Beth continues to skip school while traveling to tournaments and quickly gains national recognition for her achievements. She also begins dressing more stylishly as her winnings increase. At school, Beth is invited to a meeting of the "Apple Pi Club" by the girls who had initially shunned her. She soon realizes she has nothing in common with them and, stealing a bottle of gin, escapes back home. In 1966, Beth heads to Las Vegas for the U.S. Open where she is reunited with Townes, now a journalist covering the event for the Lexington newspaper. They return to his hotel room where Townes takes pictures of her. The two play chess and share a brief, intimate moment, but are interrupted by Townes's roommate, who Beth suspects is also his boyfriend. Beth runs into the current U.S. national champion, Benny Watts, who points out an error in her game against Beltik. Beth is taken aback and replays her earlier game, losing her confidence. She experiences her first professional loss against Benny the next day and they finish the tournament as co-champions.
4
"Middle Game"
Scott Frank
Scott Frank
October 23, 2020 (2020-10-23)
Beth takes night classes in Russian at a local college. She attends a party where she smokes marijuana and sleeps with one of the students. Left alone in the empty apartment for the weekend, she indulges herself with more alcohol and drugs. After graduating from high school, Beth travels to an international tournament in Mexico City with Alma. Beth competes against several international players, including 13-year-old Soviet prodigy Georgi Girev, whom she defeats in a tough game lasting two days. While in a crowded elevator, Beth overhears a conversation between Soviet world champion Vasily Borgov and two associates discussing her playing style and potential weaknesses. Borgov comments she is an orphan and a survivor like them. Beth then plays Borgov and loses to him in an intense game after he surprises her with an offbeat opening. Back in the hotel room, Beth discovers Alma has died of suspected hepatitis, likely worsened by her excessive drinking. Beth manages to contact Allston in Denver, who wants nothing to do with the burial arrangements. However, he agrees to let Beth keep the house. Beth buys more tranquilizers from a pharmacy before flying home to arrange Alma's burial, ordering her trademark Gibson as tribute.
5
"Fork"
Scott Frank
Scott Frank
October 23, 2020 (2020-10-23)
Beth returns home to Kentucky and reconnects with Beltik, who is attending college and has romantic feelings for her. At Beth's suggestion, he moves into Alma's house to accompany the now lonely Beth. The two spend time training and sleep together a few times until Beltik realizes Beth's obsession with chess will always overshadow any relationship they may have. The two part ways, as Beltik admits his passion for the game has waned. Beth meets her former high school tormentor Margaret in town now married soon after graduating. She now has a baby daughter and is fast becoming an alcoholic. Beth travels to the 1967 U.S. Championship in Ohio, where she reunites with Benny Watts. The evening before they are scheduled to face each other in the final game, Benny challenges Beth to several rounds of speed chess for five dollars each. An experienced speed chess hustler, he beats her consistently and cleans her out of all her cash. The next day, however, Beth defeats Benny to become the U.S. champion. The two discuss Beth's future in international competition. Benny, recognizing that Beth needs both a role model and a trainer, invites Beth to train for the Paris Invitational with him in New York City.
6
"Adjournment"
Scott Frank
Scott Frank
October 23, 2020 (2020-10-23)
Beth travels to New York with Benny, where he trains her for the Paris Invitational. He invites two strong players, Hilton Wexler and Arthur Levertov to assist, along with a mutual friend, a French model named Cleo, who quickly befriends Beth. Beth repeatedly beats Benny, Wexler, and Levertov at simultaneous speed chess, winning back more than Benny took from her in Ohio. Beth and Benny sleep together, but Benny ruins the mood by talking chess strategy for Paris afterwards. At the Paris Invitational, Beth advances to the finals against Borgov. Cleo, who is also in Paris, invites Beth out for drinks. Beth hesitantly joins Cleo at the bar, resulting in a late-night bender. Hungover, Beth oversleeps for the final and is unable to focus, losing once more to Borgov. Devastated, Beth declines Benny's offer to continue staying with him in New York to prepare for the Moscow Invitational, instead returning to Kentucky. Upon her return, she is contacted by her lawyer stating Allston now has issues with her living in his house. He demands she vacate, insisting he did not give her the house, despite what he said earlier. Beth buys the house from him, agreeing to pay the equity of $7,000 but subtracting the burial arrangement cost for Alma. Alone, she removes all his belongings from the house and redecorates. Soon after, she plunges into a days-long drug and alcohol binge, ignoring phone calls and the outside world. She reluctantly honors her commitment to visit the Kentucky State Championship, where Harry confronts her about her alcoholism. The next day, Beth finds Jolene at her front door.
7
"End Game"
Scott Frank
Scott Frank
October 23, 2020 (2020-10-23)
In a flashback to the beginning of the series in 1957, Beth and her mother visit a person, who is revealed to be Beth's biological father. Beth's mother begs Beth's father to take in their child, but he rejects her, saying that it is too late. In the present of 1968, Jolene and Beth attend Mr. Shaibel's funeral. Afterwards, Beth revisits the orphanage and breaks down when she discovers Shaibel had followed her career up until his death. Jolene helps her quit drinking with a physical fitness regime. She asks Benny to help fund her, who refuses. Jolene loans her the money, and Beth arrives at the Moscow Invitational. Beth wins several games, gaining many fans from the Russian public. In the final game against Borgov, Beth plays the Queen's Gambit; the game is adjourned after forty moves. Beth reconnects with Townes, who is covering the tournament for the Lexington Herald-Leader. Beth receives a phone call from Benny, who has assembled Harry, Matt, Mike, Wexler, and Levertov to analyze her game with Borgov. When play resumes that evening, Beth is able to visualize the game without tranquilizer pills and eventually beats Borgov after refusing a draw offer. Beth is celebrated widely by the locals gathered outside the venue. On the drive back to the airport, Beth exits the car and heads for a park where local men play chess. They recognize her and greet her warmly, inviting her to play.
On March 19, 2019, Netflix gave the production a series order consisting of six episodes.[6] The series was written and directed by Scott Frank, who also created the series with Allan Scott.[9] The two also served as executive producers alongside William Horberg.[10] Allan Scott had been involved in attempts to get the book on screen since 1992, when he purchased the screenplay rights from Walter Tevis's widow.[11]
The series was released on October 23, 2020, with seven episodes instead of the original six-episode order.[9]
Pandolfini, together with consultants John Paul Atkinson and Iepe Rubingh, devised several hundred chess positions to be used for various situations in the script. Kasparov developed critical moments in the story, such as when a real 1998 game between grandmastersArshak Petrosian and Vladimir Akopian was improved to showcase Beth's skill,[11] or a 1993 game between Vasyl Ivanchuk and Patrick Wolff became the prototype for the decisive game in the last episode.[15]
Casting
Alongside the series order announcement, it was announced that Anya Taylor-Joy was set to star as the lead.[16] In January 2020, it was reported Moses Ingram had joined the cast of the series.[17] Upon the miniseries premiere date announcement, it was announced that Bill Camp, Thomas Brodie-Sangster, Harry Melling and Marielle Heller were cast in starring roles.[18][19] Because the majority of the filming was carried out in Berlin, the minor roles were filled mostly by British and German actors.
Production design and filming
Production designer Uli Hanisch developed the series' sets to evoke the aesthetic of the 1950s and 1960s. Much of the series was filmed in Berlin because interiors found there could stand in for a large number of the show's locations, including Las Vegas, Cincinnati, Mexico City, Moscow, and Paris.[11][20][21][22]
Locations used in and near Berlin included the Kino International (for a restaurant, actually the Panorama Bar), the Berlin Zoo (for the zoo scene in Mexico City), the vintage clothes store Humana (for Ben Snyder's Department in Louisville, Kentucky), Schloss Schulzendorf (for the Methuen Home orphanage), the Rathaus Spandau (for a hotel lobby in Cincinnati), the Meistersaal in Kreuzberg (for the Cincinnati tournament),[23]Palais am Funkturm (for the Hotel Mariposa in Las Vegas), the Protestant University of Applied Sciences in Zehlendorf (for the US Championship games location), Haus Cumberland and its Café Grosz (for the Paris tournament), the Bode Museum (for scenes that take place in Paris), Karl-Marx-Allee (exterior of a hotel in Moscow); the final scene of Beth walking in Moscow was filmed at Rosengarten Square, also on Karl-Marx-Allee. The Bärensaal (aka Bear hall) in the Altes Stadthaus was used for scenes set at the Moscow Tournament.[24] The Friedrichstadt-Palast stood in for the Aztec Palace Hotel.[25] The exterior of Henry Clay High School in Lexington was actually filmed at Max Taut Schule.[26][27]
Some scenes were filmed in Canada; principal photography began in August 2019 in Cambridge, Ontario.[28] For example, the Wheatley family home is a house on Brant Road in the city. Other houses where some filming was done are on Salisbury Ave. in Cambridge and on Blenheim Road; the latter is a mansion built in the 19th century. The exterior of St. Andrew's College, Aurora (Ontario) was used for the Ohio Championship facility but the interior was actually a Berlin facility. The exterior of the fictional Ben Snyder Department store in Kentucky was filmed at the Winners department store (Front Street and Berczy Park) in Toronto, Ontario, the rural bridge is the Meadowvale Road Bridge in Toronto and the Fairfield High School in the show is actually Western Technical-Commercial School in Toronto. The fictional Bradley's pharmacy was actually an outdoor set built at Walnut and King streets in Hamilton, Ontario.[26][24]
The musical score was composed by Carlos Rafael Rivera.[29] Frank initially wanted the score to be piano-based only, but in the end decided with Rivera for a full orchestral score for more "instrumental depth and color". Rivera also described how he learned of the executive producer William Horberg's love of flute, and added prominent flute sections to the orchestral pieces. Rivera found scoring for chess a challenging task, having been warned by Frank that "music would be doing a lot of heavy lifting". He decided to reflect Beth's growth – both as a person and a chess player – by adding more and more instrumentation over time.[30]
Reception
Audience viewership
In October 2020, the series was the most watched show on Netflix in the United States.[31][32] On November 23, 2020, Netflix announced that the series had been watched by 62 million households since its release,[33] becoming "Netflix's biggest scripted limited series to date."[2] Of this, Scott Frank stated "I am both delighted and dazed by the response"[34] while several outlets characterized it as an "unlikely success".[35][36] The series topped the Nielsen's U.S. streaming rankings for the weeks of October 26 to November 1, November 2 to 8, and November 9 to 15, 2020, making it the first series to do so for three weeks straight.[37][38][39]
The Queen's Gambit eventually ranked third in Reelgood's yearly ranking of Netflix shows during 2020, with Cocomelon taking the first spot.[40]
Critical response
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, The Queen's Gambit received an approval rating of 96% based on 104 reviews, with an average rating of 8/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "Its moves aren't always perfect, but between Anya Taylor-Joy's magnetic performance, incredibly realized period details, and emotionally intelligent writing, The Queen's Gambit is an absolute win."[41]Metacritic gave the series a weighted average score of 79 out of 100 based on 28 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[42]
In a column where she argues "So many lives would be different if we'd had The Queen's Gambit 50 years ago," culture critic Mary McNamara said, "I loved The Queen's Gambit so much, I watched the final episode three times."[43] Sara Miller of The New Yorker recounted having experienced a sense of loss in her own association with the novel after seeing its depiction on screen because she could not relate to the main character: "Anya Taylor-Joy is way too good-looking to play Beth Harmon", she notes. Miller argues that Beth's ugliness is a central tension in the novel which the on-screen depiction misses completely despite staying true to everything else in the novel.[1] Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly gave the series a B and described the lead actress, "Taylor-Joy excels in the quiet moments, her eyelids narrowing as she decimates an opponent, her whole body physicalizing angry desperation when the game turns against her."[44]Variety'sCaroline Framke wrote "The Queen's Gambit manages to personalize the game and its players thanks to clever storytelling and, in Anya Taylor-Joy, a lead actor so magnetic that when she stares down the camera lens, her flinty glare threatens to cut right through it."[45] Reviewing for Rolling Stone, Alan Sepinwall gave it 3 out of 5 stars and said, "An aesthetically beautiful project with several superb performances, all in service to a story that starts to feel padded long before the end comes."[46]
Critics also frequently discussed the series' prominent theme of substance abuse. Phoebe Wong notes that "Interestingly though, unlike other works which study the self-destructive aspects of perfectionist obsession, mental health and substance abuse issues extend beyond the protagonist to other characters" in her review for The Tufts Daily. Her summary reads "Impressive in its own right, The Queen's Gambit adopts a fresh perspective by delving into chess' intersections with substance abuse and gender discrimination".[47] Matt Miller of Esquire stated "The result is a pretty scary depiction of the stress of competitive chess in the 1960s."[7] On the other hand, Harper's Bazaar's Lilly Dancyger considered the "misrepresentation" of drug abuse to "nearly ruin the show" for her, using the following Stephen King quote to explain: "The idea that the creative endeavor and mind-altering substances are entwined is one of the great pop-intellectual myths of our time."[48]
The Washington Post's Monica Hesse considers the miniseries "revisionist history" but also "a wonderful future" in that the heroine's "uncluttered path to success" is "uninterrupted by sexism", and has men "refreshingly" looking out for the main female character, noting that the show "has no women in peril, and no skeezy men".[49] Carina Chocano of The New York Times Magazine also believes that the show again and again foils the audience's expectations: the janitor does not molest her, her adoptive father leaves her alone, and her adoptive mother Alma does not hold her back, a departure Chocano attributes to the "fantasy"-like quality of The Queen's Gambit.[50] Responding to these reviews, Fred Mazelis of the World Socialist Web Site wrote that "the claims that the series is appreciated because it is fantasy are disingenuous, to say the least. The show has struck a chord precisely because it is not seen as utopian fiction."[51]
Bethonie Butler, also of The Washington Post, while praising the show overall, criticized the characterization of Jolene, the show's only major Black character, saying "(her) backstory and character development are so limited that she seems to exist merely to make Beth's life easier".[52]
Many aspects of the series' production values have been praised and discussed, including its location choices, set design, and costumes.[36][34][53][54]
Eric Hirsch, Gregg Swiatlowski (supervising sound editor); Wylie Stateman (sound designer); Patrick Cicero, Eric Hoehn, Leo Marcil, James David Redding III (sound effects editors) and Rachel Chancey (Foley artist/editor) (for "End Game")
Gregg Swiatlowski, Eric Hirsch, Wylie Stateman, Leo Marcil, Mary-Ellen Porto, Patrick Cicero, James David Redding III, Eric Hoehn, Tom Kramer and Rachel Chancey (for "End Game")
The series received praise from the chess community for its realistic portrayal of the game and players.[83] In an interview with Vanity Fair, Woman GrandmasterJennifer Shahade said that the series "completely nailed the chess accuracy".[84] In an article about the miniseries in The Times, British chess champion David Howell felt that the chess scenes were "well choreographed and realistic", while British Women's chess champion Jovanka Houska said, "I think it's a fantastic TV series ... [i]t conveys the emotion of chess really well."[85] Houska stated that she related to Beth being one of the few women in a tournament, and noted that sexism was worse at the "hobby" level, especially for young girls.[85]International MasterDorsa Derakhshani described the show as "very, very accurate" and that she was surprised at "how actually strong the games are".[86]
Judit Polgár, who was the first woman to play for a world championship title, said that the show depicted the male players as "too nice", while chess streamer Andrea Botez also felt the show "toned down" the sexism in the chess world.[87] Former British women's champion Sarah Longson said that realistically, Beth should have lost more.[88] Reigning chess world champion Magnus Carlsen gave it 5 out of 6 stars but found it "a little too unrealistic" for how quickly Beth developed her skills.[89]
Lawsuit
In the final episode of the mini-series, the women's world champion Nona Gaprindashvili is mentioned as having "never faced men", despite the real-life Gaprindashvili frequently playing against male opponents, including top-level grandmasters. In response, Gaprindashvili said it is dishonouring to have misinformation spread about someone's achievements.[90][91] She sued Netflix for $5 million in a defamation lawsuit in September 2021, and called for the line that claimed she had never faced men to be removed.[92][93] The case was settled in September 2022, on undisclosed terms.[94]
Interest in chess
In November 2020, The Washington Post reported that the COVID-19 pandemic had already increased the public's interest in chess, but the popularity of The Queen's Gambit made it explode.[95]The New York Times compared the interest in chess to the "similar chess mania" after Bobby Fischer beat Boris Spassky to become world champion in 1972.[96] According to The Guardian, grandmaster Maurice Ashley has been inundated by messages from people – mainly women – enthused by the series: "the frenzy around it is crazy".[97] Sales of chess sets rose greatly following the release of the series, with U.S. company Goliath Games stating their chess set sales increased over a thousand percent due to the series, while marketing firm NPD Group found chess book sales had increased over 600 percent.[98]Chess.com reports several million new users since the release of the series, with a higher rate of registrations by female players compared to before the series.[99][87][96] Chess instructors have stated that the demand for chess lessons has significantly increased as well.[96]
Adaptations
In early 2021, due to the success of the series, the theatrical rights to the Tevis novel were acquired with the intent of producing a musical.[100] It is set to be produced by playwright Eboni Booth, Whitney White, and singer-songwriter Mitski.[101]
Together with The Crown, another Netflix production, costumes from The Queen's Gambit were put on display by the Brooklyn Museum as part of its virtual exhibition "The Queen and the Crown".[103][104]
^Spangler, Todd (November 23, 2020). "'The Queen's Gambit' Scores as Netflix Most-Watched Scripted Limited Series to Date". Variety. Archived from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2020. The way Netflix reports viewing is based on the number of viewers who have watched at least two minutes of a piece of content, which is very different from how the TV industry measures audience
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1797 battle during the War of the First Coalition This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Battle of Neuwied 1797 – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Battle of Neuwied (1797)Part of the French Revolutionary WarsBattle of Neuwi...
Kathy Hochul 57ª Governatrice di New YorkIn caricaInizio mandato24 agosto 2021 PredecessoreAndrew Cuomo 72ª Vicegovernatrice di New YorkDurata mandato1º gennaio 2015 –24 agosto 2021 Vice diAndrew Cuomo PredecessoreRobert Duffy SuccessoreAndrea Stewart-Cousins Membro della Camera dei rappresentanti - New York, distretto n.26Durata mandato1º giugno 2011 –3 gennaio 2013 PredecessoreChris Lee SuccessoreBrian Higgins Segretaria della Contea di ErieDurata...
Congregazione dei Testimoni di GeovaClassificazionerestaurazionista Orientamentomillenarista, antitrinitarista FondatoreCharles Taze Russell Fondataanni 1870 Diffusionemondiale Sede Warwick, New York, Stati Uniti Membri8.699.048 Sito ufficialejw.org in origine chiamati Studenti Biblici[1][2] Modifica dati su Wikidata · Manuale Milano Convention Centre, - Milano 27 luglio 2023 - Congresso 2023 dei Testimoni di Geova Testimoni di Geova che predicano la loro fede di casa in...
VALORANT Nama kodeProject A Diterbitkan di2 Juni, 2020Versi 8.10 (29 Mei 2024) GenrePenembak orang pertamaModel bisnisFree-to-play Bahasa Daftar Arab, Inggris, Jepang, Jerman, Korea, Latin American Spanish (en) , Polandia, Portugis, Prancis, Rusia, Spanyol, Tionghoa dan Turki 60 Karakteristik teknisPlatformWindows MesinUnreal Engine 4Modemultiplayer online game (en) Formatdistribusi digital Metode inputpapan tombol komputer dan tetikus Informasi pengembangPengembangRiot GamesPenyuntingRiot Ga...
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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Saint-Léonard. Saint-Léonard La mairie. Blason Administration Pays France Région Hauts-de-France Département Pas-de-Calais Arrondissement Boulogne-sur-Mer Intercommunalité Communauté d'agglomération du Boulonnais Maire Mandat Gwénaëlle Loire 2020-2026 Code postal 62360 Code commune 62755 Démographie Gentilé Saint-Léonardois Populationmunicipale 3 338 hab. (2021 ) Densité 982 hab./km2 Géographie Coordonnées 50° 41′ 2...
У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Миссури. Штат США Миссури англ. Missouri Флаг Миссури Печать Миссури Девиз штата «Да будет благо народа высшим законом» Прозвище штата «Штат „Покажи-ка мне“» Столица Джефферсон-Сити Крупнейший город Канзас-Сити Население ...
Палласово железо Находка или падение Находка Страна Россия Место Красноярский край 54°54′ с. ш. 91°48′ в. д.HGЯO[1] Дата обнаружения 1749 Масса, г ~ 700 000 Число экземпляров 1 Тип Pallasite P MG Место хранения Метеоритная коллекция РАН и другие музеи Комме...
For other uses, see Delft (disambiguation). City and municipality in South Holland, NetherlandsDelftCity and municipalityA view of Delft with the Oude Kerk in the centre FlagCoat of armsNickname: Prinsenstad (Prince City)Location in South HollandDelftLocation within the NetherlandsShow map of NetherlandsDelftLocation within EuropeShow map of EuropeCoordinates: 52°0′42″N 4°21′33″E / 52.01167°N 4.35917°E / 52.01167; 4.35917CountryNetherlandsProvinceSouth...
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حكومة إندونيسيامعلومات عامةالبلد إندونيسيا الاختصاص إندونيسيا موقع الويب indonesia.go.id (الإندونيسية، الإنجليزية) تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات الشعار الوطني لإندونيسيا حكومة إندونيسيا هو مصطلح يمكن أن يكون له عدد من المعاني المختلفة. في أوسع حالاتها، يمكن أن يشير ا...