Bird, who was Pixar's first outside director, developed the film as an extension of the 1960s comic books and spy films from his boyhood and personal family life. He pitched the film to Pixar after Warner Bros.' box office disappointment of his first feature, The Iron Giant (1999), and carried over much of its staff to develop The Incredibles. The animation team was tasked with animating an all-human cast, which required creating new technology to animate detailed human anatomy, clothing, and realistic skin and hair. Michael Giacchino composed the film's orchestral score.
On the day of his wedding with Helen (alias Elastigirl), superhero Bob Parr (alias Mr. Incredible) thwarts a civilian's attempted suicide by tackling him through a skyscraper window. Bob then discovers supervillain Bomb Voyage robbing the building, but is interrupted by his devoted fanboy Buddy Pine, who wants to be his sidekick. Bob rejects Buddy, and Voyage clips a bomb onto Buddy's cape. Bob gets the bomb off, but it destroys an elevated train track, forcing Bob to stop an oncoming train. After his wedding, Bob is sued for collateral damage by the suicidal civilian and the injured train passengers. Similar lawsuits create a negative public attitude towards superheroes around the world, and the government initiates the Superhero Relocation Program, banning "supers" from using their powers in public and forcing them into hiding.
Fifteen years later, Bob lives with Helen and their children, Violet, Dash, and baby Jack-Jack, in Metroville. Bob misses his superhero days and resents his mundane job as a claims adjuster, moonlighting as a vigilante with his friend Lucius Best (alias Frozone). One day, Bob's supervisor, Gilbert Huph, stops him from preventing a mugging. A frustrated Bob injures Huph and is dismissed. That evening, a woman named Mirage secretly offers Bob a mission to subdue a giant "Omnidroid" robot loose on Nomanisan island. Bob succeeds by tricking the machine into ripping out its own power source. Rejuvenated by the action and higher pay, Bob trains to get back into shape, and asks superhero costume designer Edna Mode to fix a tear in his old suit. Incorrectly assuming Helen knows of Bob's new job, Edna makes new suits for the entire family.
Summoned back to Nomanisan, Bob discovers Mirage is working for Buddy, now calling himself Syndrome after being embittered by Bob's rejection. Syndrome has become wealthy by inventing weapons that mimic superpowers. He has been perfecting the Omnidroid by luring supers to fight it until it kills them. Syndrome intends to send an Omnidroid to attack Metroville, then defeat it publicly with secret controls, thereby gaining "hero" status. He plans to then sell his inventions to the world to make the term "super" irrelevant.
Helen visits Edna and learns what Bob has been up to. She activates a beacon Edna built into the suits to find Bob, inadvertently causing him to be captured while infiltrating Syndrome's base. Helen borrows a private plane to fly to Nomanisan; Violet and Dash stow away, leaving Jack-Jack with a babysitter. Despite knowing that there are children on the plane, Syndrome shoots it down. Helen and the kids survive and make it to the island. Disillusioned by Syndrome's callousness, Mirage releases Bob and informs him of his family's survival. Syndrome's guards pursue Dash and Violet, who fend them off with their powers and reunite with their parents. Syndrome captures the family before following the Omnidroid to Metroville. Violet uses her powers to free her family, and Mirage helps them reach Metroville.
Recognizing Syndrome's remote-control gauntlet as a threat, the Omnidroid disarms and knocks him out. The Incredible and Lucius fight the Omnidroid; Helen and the kids retrieve the remote control, allowing Bob to destroy the robot's power source. The Parrs and Lucius are hailed by the public just as Syndrome awakens to see their victory. Returning home, the Parrs find Syndrome abducting Jack-Jack to raise as a sidekick as revenge. As Syndrome flies away, Jack-Jack's superpowers manifest, and he escapes Syndrome's hold. Helen rescues the falling baby, and Bob throws his car at Syndrome's plane. Syndrome is sucked into the plane's engine by his cape and killed.
Three months later, the Parrs witness the arrival of supervillain the Underminer. They don their masks and suits, ready to face the new threat.
Eli Fucile and Maeve Andrews as Jack-Jack Parr, the Parrs' infant son who demonstrates a wide range of superhuman abilities.
Jason Lee as Buddy Pine / IncrediBoy / Syndrome, Mr. Incredible's obsessed fan turned supervillain who uses his scientific prowess to give himself enhanced abilities.
The Incredibles as a concept dates back to 1993 when Bird sketched the family during an uncertain point in his film career.[8][9] Personal issues had percolated into the story as they weighed on him in life.[10] During this time, Bird had signed a production deal with Warner Bros. Feature Animation and was in the process of directing his first feature, The Iron Giant.[11] Approaching middle age and having high aspirations for his filmmaking, Bird pondered whether his career goals were attainable only at the price of his family life.[10] He stated, "Consciously, this was just a funny movie about superheroes. But I think that what was going on in my life definitely filtered into the movie."[12] After the box office failure of The Iron Giant, Bird gravitated toward his superhero story.[10][11]
He imagined it as a homage to the 1960s comic books and spy films from his boyhood and he initially tried to develop it as a 2D cel animation.[10] When The Iron Giant became a box office bomb, he reconnected with old friend John Lasseter at Pixar in March 2000 and pitched his story idea to him.[9] Bird and Lasseter knew each other from their college years at CalArts in the 1970s.[13] Lasseter was sold on the idea and convinced Bird to come to Pixar, where the film would be done in computer animation. The studio announced a multi-film contract with Bird on May 4, 2000.[10]The Incredibles was written and directed solely by Brad Bird, a departure from previous Pixar productions which typically had two or three directors and as many screenwriters with a history of working for the company.[14] In addition, it would be the studio's first film in which all characters are human.[13]
The dad is always expected in the family to be strong, so I made him strong. The moms are always pulled in a million different directions, so I made her stretch like taffy. Teenagers, particularly teenage girls, are insecure and defensive, so I made her turn invisible and turn on shields. And ten-year-old boys are hyperactive energy balls. Babies are unrealized potential.
– Brad Bird, writer and director of The Incredibles.[15][16]
Bird came to Pixar with the lineup of the story's family members worked out: a mom and dad, both suffering through the dad's midlife crisis; a shy teenage girl; a cocky ten-year-old boy; and a baby. Bird had based their powers on family archetypes.[10][16][17] During production, Hayao Miyazaki of Studio Ghibli visited Pixar and saw the film's story reels. When Bird asked if the reels made any sense or if they were just "American nonsense," Miyazaki replied, through an interpreter, "I think it's a very adventurous thing you are trying to do in an American film."[18]
Syndrome was originally written as a minor character who assaults Bob and Helen at the beginning of the movie, only to die in an explosion that destroys the Parrs' house (in this version, the Smiths), but he was made the main antagonist because the filmmakers liked him more than the character of Xerek, who was intended to fulfill that role. The Snug character that Helen talks to at the phone in the final film was intended to fly Helen to Nomanisan Island and to die, but he was removed from that position when Lasseter suggested having Helen pilot the plane herself.[19][20] Syndrome was based on Brad Bird himself.[21]
Casting
Holly Hunter, cast as Helen Parr/Elastigirl,[22] never voiced an animated character before and saw the role as an exciting opportunity to expand her repertoire. She was also drawn to the film by its unique and "unconventional story about family and human dynamics".[22] Bird considered Hunter "one of the finest actresses in the world", capable of playing a "sensitive" character who also has "a very sturdy center". Like Hunter, Craig T. Nelson also had never done a voice role but had wondered about wanting to do a role after he recalled seeing The Iron Giant again; he did his voicework when not working on The District, which he was starring in at the time of the sessions, which took over two years.[22][23][24][25]Spencer Fox was cast as Dash Parr, which was also his feature film debut.[26]Brad Bird wanted to give Dash a realistic out-of-breath voice in certain scenes such as the jungle scene so he made Fox run four laps around the Pixar studio until he got tired.[27]Samuel L. Jackson was cast as Lucius Best/Frozone, Bird cast him because he stated that he wanted the character to have the coolest voice.[28]Lily Tomlin was originally considered for the role of Edna Mode, but later turned it down.[29] After several failed attempts to cast Edna Mode, Bird took on her voice role himself. It was an extension of the Pixar custom of tapping in-house staff whose voices came across particularly well on scratch dialogue tracks.[17]Sarah Vowell was offered the role of Violet unexpectedly;[30] Bird wanted to cast Vowell as Violet after hearing her voice on the National Public Radio program, This American Life.[31][32][33] Bird stated that she was "perfect" for the part and immediately called her to offer her the role.[31]
Animation
Upon Pixar's acceptance of the project, Brad Bird was asked to bring in his own team for the production. He brought up a core group of people he worked with on The Iron Giant. Because of this, many 2D artists had to make the shift to 3D, including Bird himself. Bird found working with CGI "wonderfully malleable" in a way that traditional animation is not, calling the camera's ability to easily switch angles in a given scene "marvelously adaptable." He found working in computer animation "difficult" in a different way than working traditionally, finding the software "sophisticated and not particularly friendly."[34] Bird wrote the script without knowing the limitations or concerns that went hand-in-hand with the medium of computer animation. As a result, this was to be the most complex film yet for Pixar.[8] The film's characters were designed by Tony Fucile and Teddy Newton, whom Bird had brought with him from Warner Bros.[35] Like most computer-animated films, The Incredibles had a year-long period of building the film from the inside out: modeling the exterior and understanding controls that would work the face and the body—the articulation of the character—before animation could even begin.[34] Bird and Fucile tried to emphasize the graphic quality of good 2D animation to the Pixar team, who had only worked primarily in CGI. Bird attempted to incorporate teaching from Disney's Nine Old Men that the crew at Pixar had "never really emphasized."[34]
For the technical crew members, the film's human characters posed a difficult set of challenges.[14] Bird's story was filled with elements that were difficult to animate with CGI back then. Humans are widely considered to be the most difficult things to execute in animation. Pixar's animators filmed themselves walking to better grasp proper human motion.[9] Creating an all-human cast required creating new technology to animate detailed human anatomy, clothing, and realistic skin and hair. Although the technical team had some experience with hair and cloth in Monsters, Inc. (2001), the amount of hair and cloth required for The Incredibles had never been done by Pixar up until this point. Moreover, Bird would tolerate no compromises for the sake of technical simplicity. Where the technical team on Monsters, Inc. had persuaded director Pete Docter to accept pigtails on Boo to make her hair easier to animate, the character Violet had to have long hair that obscured her face; in fact, this was integral to her character.[14] Violet's long hair, which was extremely difficult to animate, was only successfully animated toward the end of production. In addition, animators had to adapt to having hair both underwater and blowing through the wind.[34] Disney was initially reluctant to make the film because of these issues, thinking that a live-action film would be preferable, but Lasseter denied this.[36]
The Incredibles was everything that computer-generated animation had trouble doing. It had human characters, it had hair, it had water, it had fire, it had a massive number of sets. The creative heads were excited about the idea of the film, but once I showed story reels of exactly what I wanted, the technical teams turned white. They took one look and thought, "This will take ten years and cost $500 million. How are we possibly going to do this?"
So I said, "Give us the black sheep. I want artists who are frustrated. I want the ones who have another way of doing things that nobody's listening to. Give us all the guys who are probably headed out the door." A lot of them were malcontents because they saw different ways of doing things, but there was little opportunity to try them, since the established way was working very, very well.
We gave the black sheep a chance to prove their theories, and we changed the way a number of things are done here. For less money per minute than was spent on the previous film, Finding Nemo, we did a movie that had three times the number of sets and had everything that was hard to do. All this because the heads of Pixar gave us leave to try crazy ideas.[37]
Not only did The Incredibles cope with the difficulty of animating CGI humans, but also many other complications. The story was bigger than any prior story at the studio, was longer in running time, and had four times the number of locations.[34][38] Supervising technical director Rick Sayre noted that the hardest thing about the film was that there was "no hardest thing," alluding to the amount of new technical challenges: fire, water, air, smoke, steam, and explosions were all additional to the new difficulty of working with humans.[34] The film's organizational structure could not be mapped out like previous Pixar features, and it became a running joke to the team.[34] Sayre said the team adopted "Alpha Omega," where one team was concerned with building modeling, shading, and layout, while another dealt with final camera, lighting, and effects. Another team, dubbed the "character team," digitally sculpted, rigged, and shaded all of the characters, and a simulation team was responsible for developing simulation technology for hair and clothing.[34] There were at least 781 visual effects shots in the film, and they were quite often visual gags, such as the window shattering when Bob angrily shuts the car door. Additionally, the effects team improved their modeling of clouds, using volumetric rendering for the first time.[34]
The skin of the characters gained a new level of realism from a technology to mimic "subsurface scattering."[35] The challenges did not stop with modeling humans. Bird decided that in a shot near the film's end, baby Jack-Jack would have to undergo a series of transformations, and in one of the five planned he would turn himself into a kind of goo. Technical directors, who anticipated spending two months or even longer to work out the goo effect, stealing precious hours from production that had already entered its final and most critical stages, petitioned the film's producer, John Walker, for help. Bird, who had himself brought Walker over from Warner Bros. to work on the project, was at first immovable, but after arguing with Walker in several invective-laced meetings over the course of two months, Bird finally conceded.[39] Bird also insisted that the storyboards define the blocking of characters' motions, lighting, and camera movements, which had previously been left to other departments rather than storyboarded.[14]
Bird admitted that he "had the knees of [the studio] trembling under the weight" of The Incredibles, but called the film a "testament to the talent of the animators at Pixar," who were admiring the challenges the film provoked.[34] He recalled, "Basically, I came into a wonderful studio, frightened a lot of people with how many presents I wanted for Christmas, and then got almost everything I asked for."[36]
The Incredibles is the first Pixar film to be scored by Michael Giacchino. Brad Bird was looking for a specific sound as inspired by the film's retrofuturistic design – the future as seen from the 1960s. John Barry was the first choice to do the film's score, with a trailer of the film given a rerecording of Barry's theme to On Her Majesty's Secret Service. However, Barry did not wish to duplicate the sound of some of his earlier soundtracks;[40] the assignment was instead given to Giacchino.[41] Giacchino noted that recording in the 1960s was largely different from modern day recording and Dan Wallin, the recording engineer, said that Bird wanted an old feel, and as such the score was recorded on analog tapes. Wallin noted that brass instruments, which are at the forefront of the film's score, sound better on analog equipment rather than digital. Wallin came from an era in which music was recorded, according to Giacchino, "the right way," which consists of everyone in the same room, "playing against each other and feeding off each other's energy." Many of Giacchino's future soundtracks followed suit with this style of mixing. Tim Simonec was the conductor/orchestrator for the score's recording.[42]
Several film reviewers drew precise parallels between the film and certain superhero comic books, like Powers, Watchmen, Fantastic Four, Justice League, and The Avengers. The producers of the 2005 adaptation of Fantastic Four were forced to make significant script changes and add more special effects because of similarities to The Incredibles.[44] Bird was not surprised that comparisons arose due to superheroes being "the most well-trod turf on the planet," but noted that he had not been inspired by any comic books specifically, only having heard of Watchmen. He did comment that it was nice to be compared to it, since "if you're going to be compared to something, it's nice if it's something good".[16]
Some commentators took Bob's frustration with celebrating mediocrity and Syndrome's comment that "when everyone's super, no one will be" as a reflection of views shared by German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche or an extension of Russian-American novelist Ayn Rand's Objectivism philosophy, which Bird felt was "ridiculous."[9][16] He stated that a large portion of the audience understood the message as he intended whereas "two percent thought I was doing The Fountainhead or Atlas Shrugged." Some purported that The Incredibles exhibited a right-wing bias, which Bird also scoffed at. "I think that's as silly of an analysis as saying The Iron Giant was left-wing. I'm definitely a centrist and feel like both parties can be absurd."[9]
The film also explored Bird's dislike for the tendency of the children's comics and Saturday morning cartoons of his youth to portray villains as unrealistic, ineffectual, and non-threatening.[45] In the film, Dash and Violet have to deal with villains who are perfectly willing to use deadly force against children.[46] On another level, both Dash and Violet display no emotion or regret at the deaths of those who are trying to kill them, such as when Dash outruns pursuers who crash their vehicles while chasing him, or when both of them witness their parents destroy several attacking vehicles with people inside, in such a manner that the deaths of those piloting them is undeniable. Despite disagreeing with some analysis, Bird felt it gratifying for his work to be considered on many different levels, which was his intention: "The fact that it was written about in the op/ed section of The New York Times several times was really gratifying to me. Look, it's a mainstream animated movie, and how often are those considered thought provoking?"[9]
Release
Marketing
A teaser trailer of The Incredibles premiered on May 30, 2003, and was attached to the screenings of Finding Nemo.[47] Several companies released promotional products related to the film. In the weeks before the film's opening, there were also promotional tie-ins with SBC Communications (using Dash to promote the "blazing-fast speed" of its SBC Yahoo! DSL service) Tide, Downy, Bounce and McDonald's.[48]Dark Horse Comics released a limited series of comic books based on the film.[49] Toy maker Hasbro produced a series of action figures and toys based on the film.[50]Kellogg's released an Incredibles-themed cereal, as well as promotional Pop-Tarts and fruit snacks, all proclaiming an "Incrediberry Blast" of flavor.[51]Pringles included potato chips featuring the superheroes and quotes from the film.[52][53] In July 2008, it was announced that a series of comic books based on the film would be published by BOOM! Studios in collaboration with Disney Publishing by the end of the year.[54] The first miniseries by BOOM! was The Incredibles: Family Matters by Mark Waid and Marcio Takara, which was published from March to June 2009[citation needed] and collected into a trade paperback published in July of that year.[55]
Theatrical
The Incredibles was released theatrically in the United States on November 5, 2004.[56] In theaters, The Incredibles was accompanied by a short film, Boundin' (2003).[57] The theatrical release also included sneak peeks for Cars and Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith.[58] While Pixar celebrated another triumph with The Incredibles, Steve Jobs was embroiled in a public feud with the head of its distribution partner, The Walt Disney Company.[59] This would eventually lead to the ousting of Michael Eisner and Disney's acquisition of Pixar the following year. In March 2014, Disney CEO and chairman Bob Iger announced that the film would be reformatted and re-released in 3D.[60]The Incredibles was re-released and digitally re-mastered for IMAX theaters (alongside its sequel, Incredibles 2) using their DMR Technology in a double feature on June 14, 2018.[61]
As part of Disney's 100th anniversary The Incredibles was re-released between September 1 to 14, 2023 in the United States[62] and October 5 to 11 in Latin America.[63]
Home media
The film was first released on both VHS and a two-disc collector's editionDVD set on March 15, 2005.[64][65] The DVD set was THX certified,[66] consisted of widescreen and a pan and scan fullscreen versions and included two newly commissioned Pixar short films, Jack-Jack Attack and Mr. Incredible and Pals, which were made specifically for this home-video release, and Boundin', a Pixar short film that premiered alongside the feature film in its original theatrical release.[66][67][68] The VHS release only featured the short, Boundin'. It was the highest-selling DVD of 2005, with 17.38 million copies sold.[69] The film was also released on UMD for the Sony PSP.[70] Disney released the film on Blu-ray in North America on April 12, 2011,[71] and on 4K UHD Blu-ray on June 5, 2018; this marks Disney's first 4K Blu-ray reissue on the format.[72]
The Incredibles was released with Alfie on November 5, 2004. It debuted earning $70.7million from 3,933 theaters.[4][74] This made it the second-highest opening weekend for an animated film, trailing only behind Shrek 2. The film opened in the number #1 spot at the box office, dominating Saw, The Grudge, Shark Tale, Ray, Ladder 49 and other films. Despite its opening, the overall Hollywood revenues fell, continuing a box office slump that had lingered for most of the fall season. The top 12 movies took in $136.1 million down to 5% from the same weekend the previous year, just after the openings of The Matrix Revolutions and Elf.[75] For 15 years, The Incredibles had the biggest November opening weekend for an animated film until it was dethroned by Frozen II in 2019.[76] It continued to rule the box office while staying ahead of The Polar Express. Its second weekend earnings dropped by 28% to $51million,[77][78] and followed by another $26million the third weekend.[79]The Incredibles completed its theatrical run in the United States and Canada on April 14, 2005.[80]
Critical response
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 97% of 248 critics' reviews are positive, with an average rating of 8.4/10. The website's consensus reads: "Bringing loads of wit and tons of fun to the animated superhero genre, The Incredibles easily lives up to its name."[81]Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 90 out of 100, based on 41 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[82] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare average grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, making it Pixar's fourth (consecutive) film to receive this grade (after Toy Story 2, Monsters, Inc., and Finding Nemo).[83]
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three-and-a-half out of four, writing that the film "alternates breakneck action with satire of suburban sitcom life" and is "another example of Pixar's mastery of popular animation."[84]Peter Travers of Rolling Stone also gave the film three-and-a-half, calling it "one of the year's best" and saying that it "doesn't ring cartoonish, it rings true."[85] Giving the film three-and-a-half as well, People magazine found that The Incredibles "boasts a strong, entertaining story and a truckload of savvy comic touches."[86]
Eleanor Ringel Gillespie of The Atlanta Journal-Constitution was bored by the film's "recurring pastiches of earlier action films", concluding that "the Pixar whizzes do what they do excellently; you just wish they were doing something else."[87] Jessica Winter of The Village Voice criticized the film for "playing as a standard summer action film", despite being released in early November. Her review, titled as "Full Metal Racket," noted that The Incredibles "announces the studio's arrival in the vast yet overcrowded Hollywood lot of eardrum-bashing, metal-crunching action sludge."[88] Laura Clifford of Reeling Reviews gave the film an A- and said, "Mix X-Men with True Lies and Spy Kids then add the retro design of The Powerpuff Girls all tied together with the magical technology of Pixar."[89] In a positive review, Jennifer Frey of The Washington Post explained that "the movie is full of wonderful little touches: Syndrome, the bad guy, is drawn to remind viewers of Heat Miser from the classic Christmas cartoon The Year Without a Santa Claus. As always, Pixar excels with its animation, but what makes this family film even more appealing is the smartness of the script, which is clearly written, end to end, to appeal to adults as well as children."[90]
The Incredibles led the 77th Academy Awards season with four nominations (including Best Original Screenplay and Sound Mixing). It received two Oscars: Best Animated Feature and Sound Editing.[116] Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal called The Incredibles the year's best picture.[16]Premiere magazine released a cross-section of all the top critics in America and The Incredibles placed at number three, whereas review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes cross-referenced reviews that suggested it was its year's highest-rated film.[16]
A sequel, titled Incredibles 2, was released on June 15, 2018[125] and was once again a critical and commercial success, although it was considered inferior in comparison to its predecessor.[126]
^Moriarty (November 5, 2004). "AICN Animation Double-Header! Moriarty Interviews Brad Bird!!". Ain't It Cool News. Archived from the original on July 18, 2007. Retrieved July 27, 2013. Yeah. We worked on it for a little while, and I'm a huge fan of John Barry. But I kind of wanted him to go back to a style that he used in the past, and use that as kind of a starting place. I think he kind of felt like he'd already done that.
^Brad Bird, Michael Giacchino et al. (2011). The Incredibles. Special Features – Behind the Scenes – More Making of The Incredibles: Music (Blu-ray Disc). Buena Vista Home Entertainment.
^Pratt, Douglas (March 15, 2005). "The Incredibles DVD Review". Movie City News. Archived from the original on March 8, 2014. Retrieved July 30, 2013. There's expectations for animation, and, you know, you make this connection with animation and superheroes, you think, 'Saturday morning,' and Saturday morning they have these very strange shows, completely designed around conflict and yet no one ever dies or gets really injured, or there's no consequence to it. I think that came out of, you know, a team of psychologists determined that it is bad for children, and I think just the opposite. I think that it's better if kids realize there's a cost and that if the hero gets injured and still has to fight, it's more dramatic, and it's closer to life.
^Cobbs, Maurice. "The Incredibles". DVD Verdict. Archived from the original on September 24, 2013. Retrieved July 30, 2013. Remember the bad guys on the shows you used to watch on Saturday mornings?" she says. "Well, these guys aren't like those guys. They won't exercise restraint because you are children. They will kill you if they get the chance. Do not give them that chance.
^Pirrello, Phil; Goldman, Eric; Fowler, Matt; Collura, Scott; White, Cindy; Schedeen, Jesse (June 25, 2010). "Top 25 Animated Movies of All-Time". IGN. Archived from the original on January 6, 2022. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
^Adams, Sam; Bramesco, Charles; Grierson, Tim; Murray, Noel; Scherer, Jenna; Tobias, Scott; Wilkinson, Alissa (October 13, 2019). "40 Greatest Animated Movies Ever". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on March 2, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
^Khal; Herrera, Andy; Barone, Matt; Serafino, Jason; Scarano, Ross; Aquino, Tara (February 19, 2021). "The Best Animated Movies of All Time". Complex. Archived from the original on May 20, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
^Travis, Ben; White, James; Freer, Ian; Webb, Beth (September 15, 2021). "The 50 Best Animated Movies". Empire. Archived from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved January 6, 2022.
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Moated Norman castle in Dublin, Ireland Drimnagh CastleCaisleán DhroimeanaighDrimnagh Castle c.1820General informationTown or cityDublinCountryIrelandCoordinates53°19′30″N 6°19′58″W / 53.324973°N 6.332840°W / 53.324973; -6.332840 Drimnagh Castle circa 1900 Drimnagh Castle (Irish: Caisleán Dhroimeanaigh)[1] is a Norman castle located in Drimnagh, a suburb of Dublin, Ireland. It is the only remaining castle in Ireland with a flooded moat around it; ...
English seaman Joseph KellawayHMS Beagle with HMS Wrangler (right) by Sir Oswald Brierly, 1855Born1 September 1824Kingston, Purbeck, DorsetDied2 October 1880 (aged 56)Chatham, KentBuriedMaidstone Road Cemetery, ChathamAllegiance United KingdomService/branch Royal NavyRankChief BoatswainUnitHMS WranglerBattles/warsCrimean WarAwardsVictoria CrossLégion d'Honneur (France) Joseph Kellaway VC (1 September 1824 – 2 October 1880) was an English recipient of the Victoria Cross, the h...
Exemplaire contemporain de l'Ora maritima. Ora maritima (en français : Rivages maritimes) est un poème en vers décrivant les côtes maritimes européennes, écrit par Avienus, probablement entre 350 et 355. Il comportait probablement au moins deux livres. 713 vers ou fragments de vers, probablement du premier livre, nous ont été transmis. Dédicace Le poème est dédié par Avienus à son ami Probus. L'opinion la plus répandue[1], à la suite d'Ausone et d'Ambroise de Milan[2], re...
Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento Marche è priva o carente di note e riferimenti bibliografici puntuali. Sebbene vi siano una bibliografia e/o dei collegamenti esterni, manca la contestualizzazione delle fonti con note a piè di pagina o altri riferimenti precisi che indichino puntualmente la provenienza delle informazioni. Puoi migliorare questa voce citando le fonti più precisamente. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Porto San Giorgiocomune Porto San Giorgio – V...
Battle in 1406 Battle of CollejaresPart of the ReconquistaMap of the Reino Nazari de Granada.Date1406LocationCollejares, Úbeda and Baeza, Granada, SpainResult Victory for the Kingdom of Castile.Belligerents Crown of Castile Emirate of GranadaCommanders and leaders Henry III of Castile Muhammad VII vteBattles in the Reconquista 8th century Covadonga 1st Roncevaux Pass Burbia River Orbieu River Lutos Las Babias Río Quirós Río Nalón Oviedo 9th century 1st Barcelona 1st Tortosa Pancorbo 2nd ...
Cette page propose un accès chronologique aux événements ayant marqué l'histoire du football. Sommaire : Avant 1870 - Années 1870 - 1880 - 1890 - 1900 - 1910 - 1920 - 1930 - 1940 - 1950 - 1960 - 1970 - 1980 - 1990 - 2000 - 2010 Avant 1870 Articles détaillés : Les racines du football (avant 1835) et Les débuts du football (1835-1870). 26 octobre 1863 : fondation de la Football Association à Londres. Années 1870 1871 en football : match internatio...
American politician Annette TaddeoMember of the Florida Senatefrom the 40th districtIn officeSeptember 26, 2017 – November 8, 2022Preceded byFrank ArtilesSucceeded byAlexis Calatayud (redistricting) Personal detailsBornAnnette Joanne Taddeo (1967-04-07) April 7, 1967 (age 57)Barrancabermeja, ColombiaPolitical partyDemocraticSpouseEric GoldsteinChildren1 and 2 stepchildrenEducationUniversity of North Alabama (BA)WebsiteCampaign website Annette Joanne Taddeo-Goldstein (née Tadd...
Каховская ГЭСукр. Каховська ГЕС Водосливная плотина Страна Украина Местоположение Херсонская область и Таврийск[1] Река Днепр Каскад Днепровский каскад ГЭС Собственник ЧАО Укргидроэнерго Статус Разрушена в 2023 году Год начала строительства 1950 Годы ввода агр...
U.S. Space Force unit This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: 20th Space Surveillance Squadron – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 20th Space Surveillance SquadronSquadron emblemActive1966 – presentCountry United StatesBranc...
Old Nepalese high ranking official Kaji Vamshidhar Kalu Pande, Kaji of the Gorkha Kingdom and one of the widely known Kaji from Nepal Kaji (Nepali: काजी) was a title and position used by nobility of Gorkha Kingdom (1559–1768) and Kingdom of Nepal between 1768 and 1846. Many other contemporary kingdoms used the same title for their ministers. Etymology Historian Mahesh Chandra Regmi suggests that Kaji is derived from Sanskrit word Karyi which meant functionary.[1] History Gan...
Robbie Keane has scored more hat-tricks for the Republic of Ireland than any other player. Callum Robinson scored the Republic of Ireland's most recent hat-trick, against Qatar in 2021. The Republic of Ireland national football team played their first international association football match on 28 May 1924 as the Irish Free State, defeating Bulgaria 1–0 at the 1924 Summer Olympics.[1] The Irish Free State side was established following the partition of the country in 1921. Prior to...
2015 terror attack during a protest movement in Ankara, Turkey 2015 Ankara bombingsPart of Turkey-ISIL conflictDemocracy memorial in front of Ankara Central railway stationLocationIn front of Ankara Central railway station, TurkeyCoordinates39°56′11″N 32°50′38″E / 39.9364°N 32.8438°E / 39.9364; 32.8438Date10 October 2015 10:04 (EEST)TargetProtestersAttack typeSuicide bombing, mass murderDeaths109 [1][2][3]Injured500+[4]Perpet...
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