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	Pieter Bruegel the Elder, Hunters in the Snow (Winter), 1565, Smarthistory

The Hunters in the Snow
The Hunters in the Snow
Artist	Pieter Bruegel the Elder
Year	1565
Type	Oil on panel
Dimensions	117 cm × 162 cm (46 in × 63+3⁄4 in)
Location	Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna

The Hunters in the Snow (Dutch: Jagers in de Sneeuw), also known as The Return of the Hunters, is a 1565 oil-on-wood painting by Pieter Bruegel the Elder. The Northern Renaissance work is one of a series of works, five of which still survive, that depict different times of the year. The painting is in the collection of the Kunsthistorisches Museum in Vienna, Austria. This scene is set in the depths of winter during December/January.

Background and origins

The Hunters in the Snow, and the series to which it belongs, are in the medieval and early Renaissance tradition of the Labours of the Months: depictions of various rural activities and work understood by a spectator in Breugel's time as representing the different months or times of the year. For in 1565, this was the beginning of upcoming harsh winters down the line, called Little Ice Age.^[1]

Description and composition

The painting shows a wintry scene in which three hunters are returning from an expedition accompanied by their dogs. By appearances the outing was not successful; the hunters appear to trudge wearily, and the dogs, rather lean and gaunt, seem to share the hunters' weariness. One man carries the "meager corpse of a fox" illustrating the paucity of the hunt. In front of the hunters in the snow are the footprints of a rabbit or hare—which has escaped or been missed by the hunters. The overall visual impression is one of a calm, cold, overcast day; the colors are muted whites and grays, the trees are bare of leaves, and wood smoke hangs in the air. Several adults and a child prepare food (preparing to singe a pig) at an inn with an outside fire. There is a sign just above the entrance of the inn that is nearly detaching from its hardware. The sign reads "Dit Is Guden Hert" ("This is the Golden Hart").^[2] Of interest are the jagged mountain peaks which do not exist in Belgium or Holland.

The painting prominently depicts crows sitting in the denuded trees and a magpie flies in the upper centre of the scene. Bruegel sometimes uses these two species of birds to indicate an ill-omen as in Dutch culture magpies are associated with the Devil.^[3]

The landscape itself is a flat-bottomed valley (a river meanders through it) with jagged peaks visible on the far side. A watermill is seen with its wheel frozen stiff. In the distance, figures ice skate, play bandy/ice hockey (before they became organized sports), kolf, and play eisstock^[4] ("ice-stick", similar to curling) on a frozen lake; they are rendered as silhouettes.

Interpretation and reception

Writing in the "opinion" section of Nature, art historian Martin Kemp points out that Old Masters are popular subjects for Christmas cards and states that "probably no 'secular' subject is more popular than ... Hunters in the Snow".^[5] The painting is the subject of modernist poet William Carlos Williams's ekphrastic poem "The Hunter in The Snow".^[6]

The surviving Months of the Year cycle are:

The Hunters in the Snow, Dec–Jan, also known as 'Winter'
The Gloomy Day, Feb–Mar, also known as 'Early Spring'
Spring, 1565, a drawing made to be engraved and suggestive of April–May. It was apparently never painted by Bruegel himself, but after his death came dozens of versions in paint by his son and others.
The Hay Harvest, June–July
The Harvesters, Aug–Sept
The Return of the Herd, Oct–Nov

Popular culture

Hunters in the Snow appears in Russian director Andrei Tarkovsky's film Solaris (1972), during the zero gravity scene.^[7]

The film 24 Frames (2017) is structured in 24 chapters of "Frames" usually set in a fixed camera position filming a scene of nature or the seashore. The 'action' of each Frame is highly constrained and often focuses on either one or two animals either casually interacting or possibly vaguely interacting with one another. The opening Frame depicts The Hunters in the Snow and selectively animates the actions of one of the animals or birds by superimposing movement upon the original canvas to suggest motion and life in process.^{[citation needed]}

The painting is briefly shown in the 2017 horror film It Comes at Night.

In the novel Headlong by Michael Frayn, Martin Clay speculates on the sequence and number of Bruegel's paintings, starting with a disquisition on The Hunters in the Snow, after finding what he believes to be a lost picture of the series in a country house.

A magnified detail of the painting serves as the cover design for Claire Keegan's novel Small Things Like These, published by Faber & Faber for international distribution.^[8]

References

^ Fowler, Alastair (2014). "Brueghel's Hunters in the Snow". Source: Notes in the History of Art. 34 (1): 14. JSTOR 23882369.
^ Fowler, Alastair (2014). "Brueghel's Hunters In the Snow". Source: Notes in the History of Art. 34 (1): 14. JSTOR 23882369.
^ Kaschek, Bertram; Buskirk, Jessica; Müller, Jürgen, eds. (2018). Pieter Bruegel the Elder and Religion. Leiden and Boston: Brill. p. 265. ISBN 9789004367579. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
^ Wolf, Manfred (2018-10-20). "Pieter Bruegel - Meister der Beobachtung". Ober Österreich Nachrichten (in German). Retrieved 2022-10-24.
^ Kemp, Martin (December 2008). "Looking at the face of the Earth". Nature. 456 (18): 876. Bibcode:2008Natur.456..876K. doi:10.1038/456876a.
^ Williams, William Carlos. "The Hunter in the Snow". Emory University. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
^ Chen, Min (2024-05-18). "As Seen on 'Solaris': A 16th-Century Masterpiece in Space". Artnet News. Archived from the original on 6 October 2024. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
^ https://www.webdinge.nl. "Small Things Like These (Paperback)". Luddites Books & Wine. Retrieved 2024-11-21. {{cite web}}: External link in |last= (help)