Symphyotrichum kentuckiense

Symphyotrichum kentuckiense
Flower head of Kentucky aster with yellow center and blue-violet rays surrounding it
S. kentuckiense in Hamilton County, Tennessee

Apparently Secure  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Symphyotrichum
Species:
S. kentuckiense
Binomial name
Symphyotrichum kentuckiense
(Britton) Medley[2]
Synonyms[2]

Basionym

  • Aster kentuckiensis Britton

Symphyotrichum kentuckiense (formerly Aster kentuckiensis) is a rare species of flowering plant in the Asteraceae family and is commonly known as Kentucky aster, Price's aster, Miss Price's aster, Sadie's aster, or lavender oldfield aster. It is a perennial, herbaceous plant that is endemic to broken limestone cedar glades and roadsides in Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee. It blooms from August through October, reaches heights between 30 centimeters (1 foot) and 100 cm (3.3 ft), and has green to reddish-brown stems. It is a nearly hairless plant with blue to blue-violet ray florets.

Symphyotrichum priceae was once considered the name of the plant, with S. kentuckiense and Aster kentuckiensis placed as its taxonomic synonyms. In 2021, botanist Max E. Medley proposed that this treatment was incorrect. As of October 2022, what was originally described as Aster priceae was accepted to be the hybrid between S. kentuckiense and Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum and has been named Symphyotrichum × priceae.[3] The hybrid is a somewhat hairy plant rather than a hairless one, and its characteristics are intermediate between its parents.

NatureServe considers S. kentuckiense[a] Apparently Secure (G4) globally and Imperiled (S2) in Kentucky where the holotype was collected near Bowling Green in October 1898 by botanist Sadie F. Price. Aster kentuckiensis was then formally described by botanist Nathaniel Lord Britton in 1901.

Description

S. kentuckiense stem and leaf morphology
refer to caption
Upper stem detail of a non-blooming inflorescence
refer to caption
Basal leaves from early season growth that have sprouted from a crack in limestone
refer to caption
Inflorescence branch photo with fascicles (clusters of leaves) labeled with arrows

Symphyotrichum kentuckiense is a rare[4] perennial, herbaceous plant[5] endemic[4] to areas of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee in the southeastern United States.[6] It flowers from August through October, growing to heights between 30 centimeters (1 foot) and 100 cm (3.3 ft) from a cespitose rootstock. The rootstock has short, branched underground caudices and no rhizomes.[5]

Stems

S. kentuckiense has from one to three or more glabrous (hairless) stems extending from the root base. These stems can be decumbent, growing horizontally along the ground and turned up at the ends,[b] to ascending. They are green to reddish-brown.[5]

Leaves

The species has thin alternate[7] leaves that are dark green to bluish-green[5] with glabrous faces.[8] Leaves occur at the base, on stems, and on inflorescence branches. Depending upon the locations of the leaves on the plant, the apices, or tips, can be noticeably pointed (acute[c] to acuminate[d]), obtuse,[e] mucronate,[f] or cuspidate.[g][5]

Basal leaves are either without leafstalks (called petioles), making them sessile, or they have very short petioles with sheathing wings that are fringed with hairs on their edges, making them ciliate. The basal leaves are oblanceolate[h] to obovate[i] with obtuse[e] apices, and their bases are cuneate[j] (wedge-shaped) to attenuate.[k] Their margins (edges) are entire, meaning they are smooth with no teeth or lobes. Rarely, they can be sparsely saw-toothed, also called serrate. Basal leaves range in lengths from 10 to 70 millimeters (0.4 to 2.8 inches) and widths from 3 to 5 mm (0.12 to 0.20 in). The basal leaves grow in a rosette that develops prior to flowering. These leaves wither or die during plant growth, and at the time of flowering, another rosette of basal leaves forms.[5]

Lower and middle stem leaves are sessile or may have petioles with narrow wings. They usually wither by the time the plant flowers. The leaves are oblanceolate[h] to linear-oblanceolate and range in lengths of 70 to 105 mm (2.8 to 4.1 in) and widths of 2 to 4 mm (0.08 to 0.16 in). They have attenuate[k] to cuneate[j] bases that can be auriculate[l] (shaped like earlobes) or clasp the stem.[5]

The linear-lanceolate[m][n] to narrowly subulate[o] distal[p] leaves are sessile and get progressively smaller as they approach the flower heads. Distal leaf bases are subauriculate[l] (somewhat earlobe-shaped) and can clasp the stem. Their margins are entire but have cilia closer to the branches. These leaves are glabrous on both sides and range in lengths of 5 to 65 mm (0.2 to 2.6 in) and widths of 1 to 4 mm (0.04 to 0.16 in). The small, 3-nerved inflorescence leaves are often formed in clusters called fascicles.[5]

Flowers

S. kentuckiense flower head morphology
refer to caption
Bract, involucre, and phyllary detail
refer to caption
Flower head, top view
refer to caption
Ray floret detail
refer to caption
Disk floret detail
refer to caption
Diagram of a cypsela, with pappi labeled

Symphyotrichum kentuckiense is a late-summer and fall blooming perennial,[5] with flower heads that are about 25 mm (1 in) wide[8] and have blue,[9] blue-violet,[5] pink, or purple ray florets[8] opening August through October. The flower heads grow in leafy paniculiform to racemiform arrays on inflorescences that are straight and ascending or can have wide angles between the branches. Divaricate branching[5] can cause the plant to appear as a small shrub.[10] At times, the flower heads can be secund, appearing on one side of the branch.[5]

Each flower head is on a glabrous peduncle that ranges from 4 to 20 mm (0.16 to 0.79 in) in length. There are 3 to 6 linear to subulate[o] and stiff, glabrous bracts on each peduncle. Bracts closest to the heads can be so long that their lengths exceed the heights of the involucres.[5]

Involucres and phyllaries

On the outsides of the flower heads of all members of the family Asteraceae are small bracts that look like scales. These are called phyllaries, and together they form the involucre that protects the individual flowers in the head before they open.[q][11] The involucres of Symphyotrichum kentuckiense are cylindric in shape and usually 5.5 to 7.1 mm (0.22 to 0.28 in) in length, although they can be as short as 4.5 mm (0.18 in) and as long as 8.5 mm (0.33 in).[5]

The glabrous phyllaries of S. kentuckiense are in 4 to 6 unequal to subequal rows,[5] linear-subulate[m][o] in shape, and gradually acuminate.[d][8] The margins of each phyllary may appear white or light green but are translucent. The phyllaries have green chlorophyllous zones that are diamond-shaped to lanceolate[n] with apices that are acute[c] to long-acuminate,[d] mucronate[f] to apiculate,[r] such that they could be tapering to a slender point.[5] They are revolute (they roll inwards on the margins)[8] and spread away from the head.[5]

Florets

Each flower head is made up of ray florets and disk florets. The 20 to 28[s] ray florets grow in one series and are usually blue-violet, rarely white. They are usually between 9 and 15 mm (0.35 and 0.59 in) in length, but can be as short as 7 mm (0.28 in) and as long as 19 mm (0.75 in). They are 0.6 to 2.1 mm (0.02 to 0.08 in) wide.[5]

The disks have 33 to 51[t] florets that start out as yellow and after opening, turn brown after pollination. Each disk floret is 3.4 to 4.6 mm (0.13 to 0.18 in) in depth (sometimes up to 5 mm (0.2 in)), and is made up of 5 petals, collectively a corolla, which open into 5 lanceolate lobes comprising 0.5 to 1 mm (0.02 to 0.04 in) of the depth of the floret.[5]

Fruit

The fruits (seeds) of Symphyotrichum kentuckiense are not true achenes but are cypselae, resembling an achene but surrounded by a calyx sheath. This is true for all members of the Asteraceae family.[12] After pollination, they become tan to brown with an obovoid[i] shape, 1.5 to 2.1 mm (0.06 to 0.08 in) in length with 4 to 5 thin nerves, and with a few stiff, slender bristles on their surfaces (strigillose). They also have tufts of hairs (pappi) which are white and 3 to 5 mm (0.12 to 0.20 in) in length.[5]

Chromosomes

The species has a monoploid number (also called base number) of eight chromosomes (x = 8). It has eight sets of its chromosomes, meaning it is octaploid, giving it a total chromosome count of 64.[6]

Taxonomy

Classification

Symphyotrichum kentuckiense is classified in subgenus Symphyotrichum section Symphyotrichum subsection Porteriani. This subsection contains four species in addition to S. kentuckiense: S. depauperatum, S. parviceps, S. pilosum, and S. porteri.[13] It is the only octaploid within the subsection.[6]

Symphyotrichum subg. Symphyotrichum cladogram
  • Symphyotrichum
    subg. Symphyotrichum
    sect. Conyzopsis[ref 2]: 271 
    sect. Occidentales[ref 2]: 271 
    sect. Turbinelli[ref 1]: 133 

    S. turbinellum

    sect. Symphyotrichum[ref 2]: 268 
    Cladogram references
    1. ^ a b c d e Semple, J.C.; Heard, S.B.; Brouillet, L. (2002). "Cultivated and Native Asters of Ontario (Compositae: Astereae)". University of Waterloo Biology Series. 41. Ontario: University of Waterloo: 1–134.
    2. ^ a b c d e Nesom, G.L. (September 1994). "Review of the Taxonomy of Aster sensu lato (Asteraceae: Astereae), Emphasizing the New World Species". Phytologia. 77 (3) (published 31 January 1995): 141–297. ISSN 0031-9430. Retrieved 23 August 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.

History

The basionym of Symphyotrichum kentuckiense is Aster kentuckiensis. Its name with author citations is Symphyotrichum kentuckiense (Britton) Medley. The plant was formally described as a unique species and named Aster kentuckiensis Britton by botanist Nathaniel Lord Britton in 1901 in his publication Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Canada.[14] The sample that was used by Britton as the holotype for A. kentuckiensis was collected in October 1898 by Sadie F. Price near Bowling Green, Kentucky.[8]

Hybrid Symphyotrichum × priceae

At the same time that she collected what became the holotype for Aster kentuckiensis, Sadie F. Price collected a similar plant that Britton named Aster priceae Britton and included in its description that it is pubescent, or with soft hairs.[8] In later floras by other authors, A. kentuckiensis was synonymized to A. priceae. In a 2021 journal article by botanist Max E. Medley, elements of the morphologies of A. kentuckiensis and A. priceae were confirmed to have been erroneously combined, and sometimes the former was ignored. Notably, this treatment resulted in floras written prior to Medley's paper applying the glabrous trait to A. priceae and S. priceae, which is incorrect, as this plant is puberulent.[15]

In 1948, botanist Arthur Cronquist reduced Aster priceae to a variety of A. pilosus named A. pilosus var. priceae (Britton) Cronquist[16] which Medley posited was a conclusion "based on misidentified specimens and [was] not appropriate."[17] Subsequently, it was considered the non-hybrid species Symphyotrichum priceae (Britton) G.L.Nesom with S. kentuckiense and A. kentuckiensis as its taxonomic synonyms.[5][9]

Medley suggested that the Aster priceae holotype and Britton's protologue were of the hybrid A. kentuckiensis × A. pilosus var. pilosus.[15] He gave it the hybrid designation and acknowledged the name as Symphyotrichum × priceae (Britton) G.L.Nesom,[3] with Aster priceae Britton as its basionym.[18] Corrected synonyms of S. × priceae are A. priceae and A. pilosus var. priceae (Britton) Cronquist. As of October 2022, this hybrid name was accepted by Plants of the World Online (POWO).[3] The hybrid is a puberulent plant rather than a glabrous one, and its characteristics are intermediate between its parents.[9]

Comparison of S. kentuckiense, S. × priceae, and S. pilosum var. pilosum
refer to caption
Part of an inflorescence of S. kentuckiense showing glabrous stem, many flower heads, and one in bloom with blue-violet ray florets
refer to caption
Part of a S. × priceae plant showing puberulent stem and two flower heads, one opened and with blue-violet ray florets
refer to caption
Part of an inflorescence of S. pilosum var. pilosum showing pubescent stems and several white flower heads

Etymology

The specific epithet (second part of the scientific name) kentuckiense is a Latinization of the name of the state of Kentucky where the holotype was found. The hybrid's specific epithet priceae is a Latinization of the surname of the collector, Sadie F. Price.[8] The species has the common names of Kentucky aster,[6] Price's aster,[9] Miss Price's aster, Sadie's aster,[4] and lavender oldfield aster.[5] "Old field asters" is a common name for subsect. Porteriani.[13]

Distribution and habitat

Symphyotrichum kentuckiense is endemic[4] to a limited range in the southeastern United States, specifically parts of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee.[6] Hybrid S. × priceae has been documented only in Kentucky.[3] S. kentuckiense grows in the Appalachian Mountain EPA Ecoregions Ridge and Valley (67) and Southwestern Appalachians (68), and in the Interior Plateau EPA Ecoregions of Interior Low Plateaus (71) and Interior River Valleys and Hills (72).[19] It is adapted to and known from breaks or cracks in limestone cedar glades or limestone roadsides. It can be found at 200 to 400 meters (660 to 1,310 feet)[5] in dry soil.[20]

S. kentuckiense distribution map and habitat
Symphyotrichum kentuckiense endemic distribution map: United States — nearby areas of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee outlined by an oval
Endemic range[6] is roughly within the black oval as shown on part of the U.S. EPA Level III ecoregions map[19]
refer to caption
Several S. kentuckiense plants on a limestone cedar glade in Rutherford County, Tennessee, in August prior to blooming

S. kentuckiense[a] is categorized on the United States National Wetland Plant List (NWPL) with the wetland indicator status rating of Facultative Upland (FACU) in the Eastern Mountains and Piedmont region (EMP). This rating means that it usually occurs in non-wetlands within its range, but can occasionally be found in wetlands.[21]

Ecology

Symphyotrichum kentuckiense[a] has coefficients of conservatism (C-values) in the Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA)[22][23] of 7 and 8 depending on evaluation region.[19] The higher the C-value, the lower tolerance the species has for disturbance and the greater the likelihood that it is growing in a presettlement natural community.[24] When it grows in the Appalachian Mountain EPA Ecoregions of 67 and 68, S. kentuckiense has a C-value of 7. In the Interior Plateau EPA Ecoregions of 71 and 72, its C-value is 8.[19] Both of these C-values mean that its populations are found in high-quality remnant natural areas with little environmental degradation but can tolerate some periodic disturbance.[24]

Conservation

As of October 2022, NatureServe listed S. kentuckiense[a] as Apparently Secure (G4) globally; Apparently Secure (S4) in Georgia; Imperiled (S2) in Kentucky; and, Critically Imperiled (S1) in South Carolina.[u] The species' global status was last reviewed on 2 May 1988.[1]

Notes

  1. ^ a b c d documented or listed as Symphyotrichum priceae
  2. ^ Copied content from Glossary of botanical terms; see that page's history for attribution.
  3. ^ a b refer to definition Acute is defined as a short and sharp point at less than a 90° angle.
  4. ^ a b c refer to definition Acuminate is defined as "[t]apering to a long point in a concave manner". (Copied definition from Glossary of leaf morphology; see that page's history for attribution.)
  5. ^ a b refer to definition Obtuse is defined as a blunt angle greater than 90°.
  6. ^ a b refer to definition Mucronate is defined as "end[ing] abruptly in a sharp point as a continuation of the midrib". (Copied definition from Glossary of leaf morphology; see that page's history for attribution.)
  7. ^ refer to definition Cuspidate is defined as having a tip with a sharp and long rigid cusp.
  8. ^ a b refer to definition Oblanceolate is defined as "[m]uch longer than wide and with the widest portion near the tip, reversed lanceolate". (Copied definition from Glossary of leaf morphology; see that page's history for attribution.)
  9. ^ a b refer to definition Obovate is defined as "[t]eardrop-shaped, stem attaches to the tapering end; reversed ovate". (Copied definition from Glossary of leaf morphology; see that page's history for attribution.)
  10. ^ a b refer to definition Cuneate base is defined as "[t]riangular, wedge-shaped" where the leaf attaches to the stem. (Part of this definition was copied from Glossary of leaf morphology; see that page's history for attribution.)
  11. ^ a b refer to definition Attenuate base is defined as "[h]aving leaf tissue taper down the petiole to a narrow base, always having some leaf material on each side of the petiole". (Copied definition from Glossary of leaf morphology; see that page's history for attribution.)
  12. ^ a b refer to definition Auriculate base is defined as "[h]aving ear-shaped appendages reaching beyond the attachment to the petiole or to the stem". (Copied definition from Glossary of leaf morphology; see that page's history for attribution.)
  13. ^ a b refer to definition Linear is defined as long and narrow; an example is a blade of lawn grass.
  14. ^ a b refer to definition Lanceolate is defined as "[l]ong, wider in the middle, shaped like a lance tip". (Copied definition from Glossary of leaf morphology; see that page's history for attribution.)
  15. ^ a b c refer to definition Subulate is defined as "[a]wl-shaped with a tapering point". (Copied definition from Glossary of leaf morphology; see that page's history for attribution.)
  16. ^ Distal means farther away from the base, or in this case, higher on the stem closer to the branches with the flower heads.
  17. ^ See Asteraceae § Flowers for more detail.
  18. ^ refer to definition Apiculate is defined as "tapering and ending in a short [and] slender point". (Copied definition from Glossary of leaf morphology; see that page's history for attribution.)
  19. ^ Outside range about 13 to 34
  20. ^ Outside range about 28 to 68
  21. ^ Brouillet et al. in Flora of North America (FNA);[5] botanist John C. Semple's Astereae Lab website;[6] the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew's Plants of the World Online (POWO) database;[2] and, botanist Alan S. Weakley's Flora of the Southeastern United States (2022)[4] report a presence of the species only in the states of Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, and Tennessee.

Citations

  1. ^ a b NatureServe (2022).
  2. ^ a b c POWO (2022a).
  3. ^ a b c d POWO (2022b).
  4. ^ a b c d e Weakley (2022).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Brouillet et al. (2006).
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Semple (2021).
  7. ^ Barkley, Brouillet & Strother (2006a).
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h Britton (1901), p. 960.
  9. ^ a b c d Medley (2021), p. 2.
  10. ^ Farlex (n.d.).
  11. ^ Morhardt & Morhardt (2004), p. 29.
  12. ^ Barkley, Brouillet & Strother (2006).
  13. ^ a b Semple (2014).
  14. ^ IPNI (2022c).
  15. ^ a b Medley (2021), p. 1,2.
  16. ^ Cronquist (1948), p. 28.
  17. ^ Medley (2021), p. 1.
  18. ^ IPNI (2022b).
  19. ^ a b c d Gianopulos (2014).
  20. ^ Britton & Brown (1913).
  21. ^ CRREL (2020), p. 158.
  22. ^ Freyman, Master & Packard (2016).
  23. ^ Freyman (2022).
  24. ^ a b Rothrock (2004), p. 3.

References

Read other articles:

Miriam Shor

Miriam ShorShor diwawancara pada Sidewalks Entertainment mengenai Younger pada tahun 2017Lahir25 Juli 1971 (umur 52)Minneapolis, Minnesota, Amerika SerikatPendidikanUniversitas Michigan (Sarjana)PekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1994–kiniSuami/istriJustin HaganAnak2 Miriam Shor (lahir 25 Juli 1971) adalah seorang pemeran Amerika Serikat. Ia dikenal karena tampil dalam musikal rock Hedwig and the Angry Inch dan adaptasi film tahun 2001 bernama sama. Referensi Pranala luar Miriam Shor di ...

 

 

Hippopsicon lacteolum

Hippopsicon lacteolum Klasifikasi ilmiah Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Arthropoda Kelas: Insecta Ordo: Coleoptera Famili: Cerambycidae Genus: Hippopsicon Spesies: Hippopsicon lacteolum Hippopsicon lacteolum adalah spesies kumbang tanduk panjang yang berasal dari famili Cerambycidae. Spesies ini juga merupakan bagian dari genus Hippopsicon, ordo Coleoptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia. Larva kumbang ini biasanya mengebor ke dalam kayu dan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada...

 

 

Satyalancana Ksatriya Tamtama

Artikel ini perlu dikembangkan agar dapat memenuhi kriteria sebagai entri Wikipedia.Bantulah untuk mengembangkan artikel ini. Jika tidak dikembangkan, artikel ini akan dihapus. Satyalancana Ksatriya Tamtama, adalah sebuah tanda penghargaan yang dikeluarkan dan diberikan kepada anggota korps Kepolisian Republik Indonesia yang telah berjasa dalam melaksanakan tugasnya. Lihat pula Daftar Tanda Penghargaan Indonesia Artikel bertopik Indonesia ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipe...

2022 Alaska Senate election

U.S. state election Not to be confused with 2022 United States Senate election in Alaska. 2022 Alaska Senate elections ← 2020 November 8, 2022 2024 → 19 of 20 seats in the Alaska Senate11 seats needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party   Leader Peter Micciche (retired) Tom Begich(retired) Party Republican Democratic Leader since January 19, 2021 January 15, 2019 Leader's seat O District J District Last election 13 7 Seats before ...

 

 

Ust-Belaya

Selo in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, RussiaUst-Belaya Усть-БелаяSelo[1]Location of Ust-Belaya Ust-BelayaLocation of Ust-BelayaShow map of RussiaUst-BelayaUst-Belaya (Chukotka Autonomous Okrug)Show map of Chukotka Autonomous OkrugCoordinates: 65°29′N 173°17′E / 65.483°N 173.283°E / 65.483; 173.283CountryRussiaFederal subjectChukotka Autonomous Okrug[1]Administrative districtAnadyrsky DistrictPopulation (2010 Census)[2] ...

 

 

Anastasia Prikhodko

Ukrainian politician, singer and songwriter (born 1987) In this name that follows Eastern Slavic naming customs, the patronymic is Kostyantynivna and the family name is Prikhodko. Anastasia PrikhodkoPrikhodko in 2016Personal detailsBornAnastasia Kostyantynivna Prikhodko (1987-04-21) 21 April 1987 (age 37)Kyiv, Ukrainian SSR, USSRPolitical partyFatherlandChildren2Alma materKyiv National University of Culture and ArtsOccupationSingersongwriteractivistpoliticianMusical careerAlso known ...

Guaynabo, Puerto Rico

City and municipality in Puerto Rico City and municipality in Puerto Rico, United StatesGuaynabo Municipio Autónomo de GuaynaboCity and municipalityGuaynabo's Central Business District in 2013. FlagCoat of armsNicknames: Ciudad de los Conquistadores, Pueblo del Carnaval Mabó, Primer Poblado de Puerto RicoAnthem: Guaynabo, Pueblo QueridoMap of Puerto Rico highlighting Guaynabo MunicipalityCoordinates: 18°22′00″N 66°06′00″W / 18.36667°N 66.10000°W / 18...

 

 

List of carnivorous plants

Darlingtonia californica is a carnivorous plant, the sole member of the genus Darlingtonia in the family Sarraceniaceae. This list of carnivorous plants is a comprehensive listing of all known carnivorous plant species, of which more than 750 are currently recognised.[1] Unless otherwise stated it is based on Jan Schlauer's Carnivorous Plant Database Archived 2016-09-18 at the Wayback Machine. Extinct taxa are denoted with a dagger (†). Some of the species on this list may not sati...

 

 

Felix Mendelssohn

German composer (1809–1847) Mendelssohn redirects here. For other uses, see Mendelssohn (surname) and Mendelssohn (disambiguation). Felix MendelssohnPortrait from 1846Born(1809-02-03)3 February 1809HamburgDied4 November 1847(1847-11-04) (aged 38)LeipzigOccupationsComposerpianistorganistconductorWorksList of compositionsSignature Jakob Ludwig Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy[n 1] (3 February 1809 – 4 November 1847), widely known as Felix Mendelssohn,[n 2] was a...

Manta (Italia)

Mantacomune Manta – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Italia Regione Piemonte Provincia Cuneo AmministrazioneSindacoPaolo Vulcano (lista civica) dal 27-5-2019 TerritorioCoordinate44°37′N 7°29′E / 44.616667°N 7.483333°E44.616667; 7.483333 (Manta)Coordinate: 44°37′N 7°29′E / 44.616667°N 7.483333°E44.616667; 7.483333 (Manta) Altitudine400 m s.l.m. Superficie11,73 km² Abitanti3 786[1] (30-4-2023)...

 

 

Purwoduksino

Artikel ini tidak memiliki referensi atau sumber tepercaya sehingga isinya tidak bisa dipastikan. Tolong bantu perbaiki artikel ini dengan menambahkan referensi yang layak. Tulisan tanpa sumber dapat dipertanyakan dan dihapus sewaktu-waktu.Cari sumber: Purwoduksino – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR Artikel ini perlu dikembangkan agar dapat memenuhi kriteria sebagai entri Wikipedia.Bantulah untuk mengembangkan artikel ini. Jika tidak d...

 

 

Soul Brothers

1958 studio album by Ray Charles, Milt JacksonSoul BrothersStudio album by Ray Charles, Milt JacksonReleasedJune 1958RecordedSeptember 12, 1957 (tracks 1–2), and April 10, 1958 (tracks 3–7), in New York CityGenreR&B, jazzLength38:42LabelAtlantic, Studio OneProducerNesuhi ErtegunRay Charles chronology The Great Ray Charles(1957) Soul Brothers(1958) Yes Indeed!(1958) alternate release covercompilation CD / re-issue Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllMusic[1]...

FC Machida Zelvia

Artikel ini membutuhkan rujukan tambahan agar kualitasnya dapat dipastikan. Mohon bantu kami mengembangkan artikel ini dengan cara menambahkan rujukan ke sumber tepercaya. Pernyataan tak bersumber bisa saja dipertentangkan dan dihapus.Cari sumber: FC Machida Zelvia – berita · surat kabar · buku · cendekiawan · JSTOR (April 2024)FC Machida Zelvia町田ゼルビアBerkas:FC Machida Zelvia logo.svgNama lengkapFootball Club Machida ZelviaJulukanZelviaKota/...

 

 

KGGI

For the airport in Iowa with ICAO code KGGI, see Grinnell Regional Airport. Radio station in Riverside, CaliforniaKGGIRiverside, CaliforniaBroadcast areaInland Empire and Victor ValleyFrequency99.1 MHz (HD Radio)Branding99-1 KGGIProgrammingFormatRhythmic contemporarySubchannelsHD2: Bilingual adult contemporary MagicOwnershipOwneriHeartMedia, Inc.(iHM Licenses, LLC)Sister stationsKFOO, KMYT, KPWK, KTMQHistoryFirst air dateJanuary 23, 1965; 59 years ago (1965-01-23) (as KBBL)F...

 

 

Battle of Preston (1648)

Battle of the Second English Civil War For the battle of the Jacobite rising of 1715, see Battle of Preston (1715). Battle of PrestonPart of the Second English Civil WarBattle of Preston 1648Date17–19 August 1648LocationPreston, LancashireResult Parliamentarian victoryBelligerents Royalists Scotland ParliamentariansCommanders and leaders Duke of Hamilton Earl of Callendar Earl of Middleton William Baillie Marmaduke Langdale Oliver Cromwell John LambertStrength 11,000 (Not all were engaged i...

Lord of the Dance (musical)

Irish musical and dance production For other uses of Lord of the Dance, see Lord of the Dance (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Lord of the Dance musical – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (June 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Lord of the Danc...

 

 

Chaldia

Historical region of Anatolia Not to be confused with Chaldea. Theme of ChaldiaΧαλδία, θέμα ΧαλδίαςTheme of the Byzantine Empirec. 820/840–1091/10951098–11261140–1204Map of the administrative structure of the Byzantine Empire in 842. Chaldia's strategic location in the north-easternmost corner of the Empire is evident.CapitalTrapezusHistorical eraMiddle Ages• Establishment as a theme c. 820/840• Autonomy from Byzantine rule after Seljuk incursions 1091/109...

 

 

帕爾加

帕爾加的港灣 帕爾加（希臘語：Πάργα；[ˈpaɾɣa]）為位在希腊西北部伊庇魯斯大區普雷韋扎州的市鎮和自治市，其市政機關設於卡納拉基村[1]。帕爾加位於爱奥尼亚海沿岸的普雷韋扎和伊古迈尼察兩城之間，是一座以當地自然風光而聞名的度假小鎮。 參考資料 ^ Kallikratis law (PDF). Greece Ministry of Interior. [2015-07-31]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2017-04-27） （希腊语）. ...

Astra Financial

Artikel ini memiliki beberapa masalah. Tolong bantu memperbaikinya atau diskusikan masalah-masalah ini di halaman pembicaraannya. (Pelajari bagaimana dan kapan saat yang tepat untuk menghapus templat pesan ini) Artikel ini membutuhkan penyuntingan lebih lanjut mengenai tata bahasa, gaya penulisan, hubungan antarparagraf, nada penulisan, atau ejaan. Anda dapat membantu untuk menyuntingnya. Artikel atau bagian ini mengandung parafrase yang mirip dengan satu atau lebih sumber luar yang berhak ci...

 

 

Grahm Junior College

College in Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. This article has an unclear citation style. The references used may be made clearer with a different or consistent style of citation and footnoting. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message) A former Grahm building, now the Myles Annex owned by Boston University Grahm Junior College was a non-profit junior college located in Boston, Massachusetts. It opened in 1951 under the name Cambridge School, as part of a chain of schools that start...