Sterkh

Sterkh was a Russian satellite-based search and rescue system, which formed part of the International Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided System (COSPAS-SARSAT).^[1]

Overview

Sterkh was developed as a replacement for the older Nadezhda system. Unlike their predecessors, Sterkh satellites did not carry navigation systems, since this function had been taken over by GLONASS. Sterkh satellites were smaller than their predecessors and were designed to be launched as secondary payloads with other satellites.^[2]

The satellites had a mass of 160 kg. Their overall dimensions were 750 x 1359 x 2000 mm in shipping condition, and 976 x 2957 x 10393 mm in operational condition, with opened solar panels and risen gravitational bar. The satellites incorporated the air-borne radio rescue complex RK-SM.^[2] They were expected to have an operational lifetime of 5 years. The satellites were designed and manufactured by Production Corporation Polyot.

The first satellite in the series, Sterkh-1, was launched on 21 July 2009 aboard a Kosmos-3M carrier rocket along with a Parus.^[3]

Sterkh-2 was launched on 17 September 2009 on a Soyuz-2.1b along with 7 other satellites.^[4]

Both satellites, however, failed shortly after their respective launches. Sterkh-1's flight control system malfunctioned, leaving the satellite unable to orient its solar panels toward the Sun, depleting its battery. Sterkh-2's attitude control system was rendered inoperable due to the failed deployment of a stabilization boom. These failures led Roscosmos to cancel the Sterkh program in November 2012, and follow-on search and rescue payloads were launched on GLONASS-K satellites instead.^[5]^[6]

References

^ "Sterkh 2 - NSSDC ID: 2009-049B". NASA NSSDC.
^ ^a ^b "Small spacecraft "Sterkh"". PO Polyot. Retrieved 2009-09-20.^{[permanent dead link‍]}
^ Yang, Fang (2009-07-21). "Russia launches two satellites". Xinhua. Archived from the original on July 22, 2009. Retrieved 2009-07-21.
^ "С космодрома Байконур стартовала ракета-носитель "Союз-2.1б" с группой космических аппаратов". Roscosmos. 2009-09-17. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
^ Zak, Anatoly (30 November 2017). "The Sterkh rescue signal satellite". RussianSpaceWeb. Retrieved 24 March 2021.
^ Krebs, Gunter (1 October 2019). "Sterkh 1, 2". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 24 March 2021.

v t e ← 2008 Orbital launches in 2009 2010 →
January	USA-202 / Orion 6 Ibuki, Kukai, SDS-1, Sohla-1 Koronas-Foton
February	Omid NOAA-19 Progress M-66 Ekspress-AM44, Ekspress-MD1 Hot Bird 10, NSS-9, Spirale-A, Spirale-B OCO Telstar 11N Raduga-1
March	Kepler STS-119 (ITS S6) GOCE USA-203 Soyuz TMA-14
April	Eutelsat W2A USA-204 Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 Compass-G2 RISAT-2, ANUSAT SICRAL 1B Yaogan 6 Kosmos 2450
May	USA-205 Progress M-02M STS-125 Herschel, Planck ProtoStar 2 TacSat-3, PharmaSat, AeroCube-3, HawkSat-1, CP6 Meridian 2 Soyuz TMA-15
June	LRO, LCROSS MEASAT-3a GOES 14 Sirius FM-5
July	TerreStar-1 Kosmos 2451, Kosmos 2452, Kosmos 2453 RazakSAT STS-127 (JEM-EF, AggieSat 2, BEVO-1, Castor, Pollux) Kosmos 2454, Sterkh No.11L Progress M-67 DubaiSat-1, Deimos-1, UK-DMC 2, Nanosat-1B, AprizeSat-3, AprizeSat-4
August	AsiaSat 5 USA-206 JCSAT-RA, Optus D3 STSat-2A STS-128 (Leonardo MPLM) Palapa-D
September	USA-207 / PAN HTV-1 Meteor-M No.1, BLITS, Sterkh-2, SumbandilaSat, UGATUSAT, Universitetsky-Tatyana-2 Nimiq 5 Oceansat-2, Rubin 9.1, Rubin 9.2, BeeSat-1, UWE-2, ITU-pSat1, SwissCube-1 USA-208 / STSS-Demo 1, USA-209 / STSS-Demo 2 Soyuz TMA-16
October	Amazonas-2, COMSATBw-1 WorldView-2 Progress M-03M USA-210 Thor 6, NSS-12
November	SMOS, PROBA-2 Progress M-MIM2 (Poisk) Shijian 11-01 STS-129 (ExPRESS-1, ExPRESS-2) Kosmos 2455 Intelsat 14 Eutelsat W7 IGS Optical 3 Intelsat 15
December	USA-211 Yaogan 7 Kosmos 2456, Kosmos 2457, Kosmos 2458 Yaogan 8, Xi Wang 1 Helios IIB Soyuz TMA-17 DirecTV-12
Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ). Crewed flights are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).

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