Siege of Cyropolis

Siege of Cyropolis
Part of the Wars of Alexander the Great
Date329 BC
Location
Cyropolis, Sogdiana (present-day Tajikistan)
40°17′00″N 69°38′00″E / 40.283333°N 69.633333°E / 40.283333; 69.633333
Result Macedonian victory
Territorial
changes		 Cyropolis captured by Macedon
Belligerents
Macedonia
League of Corinth		 Sogdiana
Commanders and leaders
Alexander the Great (WIA)
Craterus (WIA)		 Unknown
Strength
10,000 15,000
Casualties and losses
Light–Moderate 8,000 killed
Cyropolis is located in West and Central Asia
Cyropolis
Cyropolis
class=notpageimage|
Location of the Siege of Cyropolis
Alexander the Great
Map
About OpenStreetMaps
Maps: terms of use
1200km
820miles
Babylon
15
Death of Alexander the Great 10 or 11 June 323 BC
Malavas
14
Mallian campaign November 326 – February 325 BC
Hydaspes
13
Battle of the Hydaspes May 326 BCE
Cophen
12
Cophen campaign May 327 BC – March 326 BC
Cyropolis
11
Siege of Cyropolis 329 BC Battle of Jaxartes October 329 BC Siege of the Sogdian Rock 327 BC
Persian Gate
10
Battle of the Persian Gate 20 January 330 BC
Uxians
9
Battle of the Uxian Defile December 331 BC
Gaugamela
8
Battle of Gaugamela 1 October 331 BC
Alexandria
7
Foundation of Alexandria 331 BC
Gaza
6
Siege of Gaza October 332 BC
Tyre
5
Siege of Tyre (332 BC) January–July 332 BC
Issus
4
Battle of Issus 334 BC
Miletus
3
Siege of Miletus 334 BC Siege of Halicarnassus 334 BC
Granicus
2
Battle of the Granicus May, 334 BC
Pella
1
  current battle

Cyropolis was the largest of seven towns in the region that Alexander the Great targeted for conquest in 329 BC. His goal was the conquest of Sogdiana. Alexander first sent Craterus to Cyropolis, the largest of the Sogdian towns holding out against Alexander's forces. Craterus' instructions were to "take up a position close to the town, surround it with a ditch and stockade, and then assemble such siege engines as might suit his purpose....". The idea was to keep the inhabitants focused on their own defences and to prevent them from sending assistance out to the other towns.

Starting from Gazza, Alexander went on to conquer the other surrounding towns. Five of the seven towns were taken in two days. Many of the inhabitants were killed. Alexander then arrived at Cyropolis, which was the best fortified of the towns and had the largest population. It also had reputedly the best fighters of the region. Alexander battered Cyropolis' defences with the siege engines. While the bombardment went on, Alexander ordered certain of his troops to sneak through a dried-up water course that went under the town's wall. Alexander also joined this mission and once inside his troops opened the town's gate to admit his attacking force. Once the natives saw that the town was taken, they fell violently upon the attackers. Alexander received a violent blow from a stone that landed upon his head and neck. Craterus was wounded by an arrow, but the defenders were driven off. Arrian puts the defender's force at about 15,000 fighting men and claims that 8,000 of them were killed in the first phase of the operation. The rest apparently sought refuge inside the town's central fortress, but surrendered after one day for lack of water.[1]

Accounts of how the battle went differ among authors. Arrian cites Ptolemy as saying Cyropolis surrendered, and Arrian also states that according to Aristobulus the place was stormed and the town's inhabitants were massacred. Arrian also cites Ptolemy saying that he distributed the men among the army and ordered that they should be kept guarded in chains until he should depart from the country, so that none of those who had affected the revolt should be left behind.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b Arrian (1971). The Campaigns of Alexander. London: Penguin Books. p. 204. ISBN 0-14-044253-7.

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