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Sōten Kōro
	First tankōbon volume cover, featuring Cao Cao
蒼天航路
Genre	Epic; Historical;
Manga
Written by	Hagin Yi (1994–1998); King Gonta (1998–2005);
Illustrated by	King Gonta
Published by	Kodansha
Magazine	Morning
Demographic	Seinen
Original run	1994 – 2005
Volumes	36 (List of volumes)
Anime television series
Directed by	Toyoo Ashida (chief); Tsuneo Tominaga;
Produced by	Toshio Nakatani; Manabu Tamura;
Written by	Hideo Takayashiki
Music by	Shūsei Murai
Studio	Madhouse
Original network	Nippon TV
Original run	April 8, 2009 – September 30, 2009
Episodes	26

Sōten Kōro (蒼天航路, lit. 'Blue Sky Route'), also known as Beyond the Heavens,^[2] is a Japanese manga series by Hagin Yi and King Gonta. It started in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Morning in 1994. Following Hagin Yi's death in 1998, King Gonta continued the manga alone, until its conclusion in 2005. Its chapters were collected in thirty-six tankōbon volumes.

A twenty-six episode anime television series adaptation by Madhouse was broadcast on Nippon TV from April to September 2009.

As of February 2017, the manga had over 18 million copies in circulation. In 1998, Sōten Kōro won the 22nd Kodansha Manga Award in the general category.

Story

Sōten Kōro's story is based loosely on the events taking place in Three Kingdoms period of China during the life of the last chancellor of the Eastern Han dynasty, Cao Cao (155 – March 15, 220), who also serves as the main character.

The Three Kingdoms period has been a popular theme in Japanese manga for decades, but Sōten Kōro differs greatly from most of the others on several points. One significant difference is its highly positive portrayal of its main character, Cao Cao, who is traditionally the antagonist in not only Japanese manga, but also most novel versions of the Three Kingdoms period, including the original 14th-century version, Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong. Another significant difference from others is that the storyline primarily uses the original historical account of the era, Records of Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou, as a reference rather than the aforementioned Romance of the Three Kingdoms novel. By this, the traditional hero of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei, takes on relatively less importance within the story and is portrayed in a less positive light. Yet, several aspects of the story are in fact based on the novel version, including the employment of its original characters such as Diao Chan, as well as anachronistic weapons such as Guan Yu’s Green Dragon Crescent Blade and Zhang Fei’s Viper Spear.

A consistent theme throughout the story is Cao Cao's perpetual desire to break China and its people away from its old systems and ways of thinking and initiate a focus on pragmatism over empty ideals. This often puts him at odds with the prevalent customs and notions of Confucianism and those that support them.

Characters

Cao Cao (曹操, Sō Sō): Voiced by: Mamoru Miyano
Liu Bei (劉備, Ryū Bi): Voiced by: Tomokazu Seki
Xiahou Dun (夏侯惇, Kakō Ton): Voiced by: Takeshi Kusao
Xiahou Yuan (夏侯淵, Kakō En): Voiced by: Tetsu Inada
Cao Ren (曹仁, Sō Jin): Voiced by: Isshin Chiba
Cao Hong (曹洪, Sō Kō): Voiced by: Hisao Egawa
Yuan Shao (袁紹, En Shō): Voiced by: Masaki Terasoma
Guan Yu (関羽, Kan U): Voiced by: Ken'ichi Morozumi
Zhang Fei (張飛, Chō Hi): Voiced by: Takaaki Seki
Cao Teng (曹騰, Sō Tō): Voiced by: Nachi Nozawa
Cao Song (曹嵩, Sō Sū): Voiced by: Hiroshi Yanaka
Dong Zhuo (董卓, Tō Taku): Voiced by: Hōchū Ōtsuka
Zhang Rang (張譲, Chō Jō): Voiced by: Kinryū Arimoto
Emperor Ling of Han (霊帝, Reitei): Voiced by: Nozomu Sasaki

Media

Manga

Sōten Kōro was originally written by Hagin Yi [ja] and illustrated by King Gonta [ja], starting in Kodansha's seinen manga magazine Weekly Morning in 1994.^[3] After Hagin Yi died of live cancer in 1998, King Gonta continued the story.^[4] The series finished in 2005.^[5] Kodansha collected its chapters in thirty-six tankōbon volumes, released from October 23, 1995,^[6] to January 23, 2006.^[7] An eighteen-volume bunkoban edition was published from December 12, 2000,^[8] to December 12, 2006.^[9] A three-in-one volume edition, consisting of twelve volumes, was published from May 5 to October 23, 2009.^[10]^[11]

Anime

An anime television series, animated by Madhouse, was announced in February 2009.^[1] The series was broadcast on Nippon TV from April 8 to September 30, 2009.^[12]^[a] The opening theme is "909" by Tribal Chair [ja] and the ending theme is "Pinhole" (ピンボール, Pinhōru) by Ogre You Asshole.^[12]

Reception

In 1998, along with Gambling Apocalypse: Kaiji, Sōten Kōro won the 22nd Kodansha Manga Award in the general category.^[13] As of February 2009, the manga had over 10 million copies in circulation.^[1] As of February 2017, the manga had over 18 million copies in circulation.^[14]

Notes

^ Nippon TV listed the series' air dates on Tuesday at 24:59, effectively Wednesday at 0:59 a.m. JST.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Loo, Egan (February 23, 2009). "Sōten Kōro Manga about Chinese History Gets TV Anime (Update 2)". Anime News Network. Archived from the original on November 6, 2020. Retrieved July 10, 2020.
^ "Soten Koro (Beyond the Heavens)". Nippon TV. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
^ 「蒼天航路」が始まった1994年のモーニングを復刻公開、各作品の1巻も読める. Comic Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. August 16, 2018. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
^ 大作三国志マンガがアニメ化、ならばよし！「蒼天航路」4月7日から日本テレビで放送開始. Gigazine (in Japanese). March 12, 2009. Archived from the original on February 6, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
^ ^a ^b 曹操再び！「蒼天航路」テレビアニメ化が決定. Comic Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. March 3, 2009. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
^ 蒼天航路 (1) [Sōten Kōro (1)] (in Japanese). Kodansha. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
^ 蒼天航路 (36) [Sōten Kōro (36)] (in Japanese). Kodansha. Archived from the original on February 18, 2013. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
^ 蒼天航路漫画文庫 (1) [Sōten Kōro [Manga Bunko] (1)] (in Japanese). Kodansha. Archived from the original on February 12, 2004. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
^ 蒼天航路漫画文庫 (18) [Sōten Kōro [Manga Bunko] (18)] (in Japanese). Kodansha. Archived from the original on March 29, 2007. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
^ 3冊分の特大ボリューム「極厚蒼天航路」刊行スタート. Comic Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. May 22, 2009. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
^ 【10月23日付】本日発売の単行本リスト. Comic Natalie (in Japanese). Natasha, Inc. October 23, 2009. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
^ ^a ^b 蒼天航路. Media Arts Database (in Japanese). Agency for Cultural Affairs. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.
^ Joel Hahn. "Kodansha Manga Awards". Comic Book Awards Almanac. Archived from the original on June 30, 2012. Retrieved January 6, 2013.
^ 『蒼天航路』『達人伝』作者の王欣太、原画展を15年ぶりに開催！. taishu.jp (in Japanese). Futabasha. February 21, 2017. Archived from the original on February 3, 2022. Retrieved February 3, 2022.