Jenrick returned to government in September 2022 as Minister of State for Health under Liz Truss and was appointed to a cabinet attending role as Minister of State for Immigration by Rishi Sunak the following month. On 6 December 2023, Jenrick resigned from his position as Minister of State for Immigration over "strong disagreements" with the government's Rwanda asylum plan, arguing that it did not go far enough to tackle illegal immigration, and spent the remainder of Sunak's premiership on the backbenches. After Labour's victory in the 2024 general election, Jenrick launched a bid to become Leader of the Conservative Party, but eventually lost to Kemi Badenoch.
Early life and non-political career
Robert Jenrick was born on 9 January 1982 in Wolverhampton. He grew up in Shropshire near the town of Ludlow, as well as in Herefordshire.[1] His father worked as a gas fitter and his mother as a secretary.[2]
In November 2013, Jenrick was selected to contest the Parliamentary constituency by-election for Newark, where the sitting member Patrick Mercer had resigned following a cash for lobbying scandal.[4] During the campaign, Jenrick was criticised by UKIP's candidate Roger Helmer for owning several properties. Chris Grayling, the justice secretary, defended Jenrick, stating that being self-made and successful was nothing to be ashamed of.[6] At the by-election held on 5 June 2014, he retained the seat with a reduced majority of 7,403.[7]
In February 2016, Channel 4 News alleged overspending in Jenrick's 2014 by-election victory.[8] Jenrick said he was confident his election expenses had been compiled in compliance with the law.[9]Nottinghamshire Police took no action as too much time had passed since the alleged offence.[9] In March 2017, the Electoral Commission released a report on their investigation into spending allegations at a number of elections. They concluded that the Conservative Party had contravened the spending rules three times (the 2014 Newark by-election being one of those times) and committed offences twice, and accordingly fined the party £70,000.[10][11]
At the snap 2017 UK general election, Jenrick was again re-elected, increasing his vote share to 62.7% but decreasing his majority to 18,149.[14] Following the election, he was appointed as PPS to the home secretary, Amber Rudd. As Chairman of the APPG for the Prevention of Genocide and Crimes against Humanity, Jenrick along with Home Secretary Amber Rudd met Nadia Murad, an IraqiYazidi human rights activist who was in 2018 awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, to discuss how the UK could help with the reconstruction of Yazidi areas.[15] In July 2017, he was elected by fellow MPs to be their representative on the Board of the Conservative Party. He was appointed Exchequer Secretary to the Treasury by Prime Minister Theresa May in her reshuffle of January 2018. In June 2019, he represented the Government at the Israel-Palestine peace initiative, led by Jared Kushner.[16]
Secretary of State for Housing, Communities and Local Government (2019–2021)
On 26 July 2019, he said, "I want tackling antisemitism and ensuring that the Jewish community feels protected and respected to be one of my priorities as Secretary of State."[18] In September 2019, he said, "I will use my position as Secretary of State to write to all universities and local authorities to insist that they adopt the IHRA definition at the earliest opportunity... and use it when considering matters such as disciplinary procedures. Failure to act in this regard is unacceptable."[19]
At the 2019 UK general election, Jenrick was again re-elected, increasing his share of the vote to 63.3% and increasing his majority to 21,816.[20] In January 2020, Jenrick spoke at the Conservative Friends of Israel Parliamentary reception and told the audience that he would "look forward to the day" when Britain's embassy in Israel will be "moved to Jerusalem", adding that "as Housing Secretary I don't like land-banking. I want us to build that embassy."[21] The British Government had not indicated it would move its embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, as the US did in 2018.[22] The Palestine Solidarity Campaign (PSC) called on Johnson to sack Jenrick, adding "no minister who openly advocates for law-breaking is fit to serve in Government".[21]
His response to the national crisis with regard to housing safety following the Grenfell Tower fire was criticised as demonstrating a misunderstanding of the issue. His approach, which was said to include "naming and shaming", was seen by some as lacking robustness and ineffective. Jenrick was criticised as having failed to deliver on promises and take concrete action.[23] There were over ten significant, life-threatening, fires after Grenfell, including the Bolton Cube fire. Thousands of affected residents continued to face financial burdens and their lives remained at risk. This stood in contrast to the more effective measures put in place by the Australian Government to keep its citizens safe.[24]
In February 2020, in a survey of leaseholders from 117 housing developments by the Leasehold Knowledge Partnership, a charity that supports leaseholders, 90 per cent of respondents said the government's response to the "cladding crisis" had been "no help at all".[25] In October 2020, it was estimated that 700,000 people were still trapped in flats wrapped in flammable materials, and 3.6 million had fire-related defects and faced a wait of 10 years before they could sell their flat or get a new mortgage.[26]
In April 2020, The Sunday Times reported Jenrick had charged taxpayers more than £100,000 for "a third home" in his constituency of Newark, that he appeared to use only rarely.[27] In November 2020, the Public Accounts Committee concluded that Jenrick's constituency had been awarded funding by his department as part of a process that was opaque and not impartial.[28]
Travel during COVID-19 pandemic
In April 2020, after Jenrick repeatedly urged the public at televised press briefings to stay at home during the lockdown to curb the spread of coronavirus, the Daily Mail claimed on 10 April that he had twice not followed government restrictions after they were announced.[29][30]
The first event was travelling 150 miles from London to a second home in Herefordshire, Eye Manor, where he was now living with his family. Jenrick's primary residence was his townhouse in Central London, where his wife worked and his three children attended school.
Jenrick defended the trip, reiterating he was travelling to his family home, where his family were before any restrictions on travel were announced.[31]
The second event was travelling 40 miles to see his parents near Shrewsbury in Shropshire.[32][33] He defended this trip, stating his parents had asked him to deliver some essentials, including medicines, and he had not entered the house.[34] This position was supported by the emeritus director of Public Health England.[31] Previously, on 22 March 2020, he had written an article for The Mail on Sunday arguing that rather than relatives travelling, local communities should help out.[35][36]
Senior MPs[who?] called for Jenrick to consider his position, given his high-profile role in Downing Street's campaign to keep the British public inside during the outbreak, including the ban on travelling to second homes.[37] He was accused by Anna Soubry of "selfish arrogance".[38]
Planning issues
In June 2020, Jenrick faced questions over his links to a Conservative donor after it emerged that he met an Israeli businessman, Idan Ofer, with an interest in the future of a multibillion-pound project that Jenrick, then exchequer secretary to the Treasury, was overseeing. Ofer stated that the £10,000 donation via his Quantum Pacific business was made at the behest of Conservative Friends of Israel, of which Jenrick was a member.[39] Jenrick later said that Ofer was a family friend.[40] The same month, it was reported that Conservative councillors approved a planning application for an extension to Jenrick's townhouse despite officials objecting to the scheme three times over its damaging impact in a conservation area.[41][42]
In March 2019, Jenrick's predecessor James Brokenshire had decided that a planning application for a new 17-storey tower in Notting Hill which had been rejected three times by the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea should be referred to him instead of being dealt with by the Greater London Authority.[43] In June 2020, on the advice of a planning inspector, Jenrick granted permission for the tower. The decision was described by Kensington and Chelsea's lead councillor for planning as a "major blow to local residents", as the development would "cause harm to our unique borough and, in particular, nearby listed buildings and conservation areas". In his decision letter, Jenrick had agreed that the proposals would damage the significance of the area's local heritage, but he found that the effect on the townscape would be "neutral-to-beneficial"[44] and that "the provision of housing attracts very significant weight".[43]
In July 2020, Alan Jones, the president of the Royal Institute of British Architects, condemned Jenrick's proposals to extend Permitted Development Rights. In an open letter, he stated: "The extension of this policy is truly disgraceful. There is no evidence that the planning system is to blame for the shortage of housing, and plenty to suggest that leaving local communities powerless in the face of developers seeking short-term returns will lead to poor results." Jones also argued that the proposals contradicted the Government's own advisors "who had concluded that permitted development had 'permissioned future slums' – allowing sub-standard homes to be built with little to no natural light and smaller than budget hotel rooms." Jones instead recommended that changes should be made to taxation and funding systems to incentivise investment in sustainable buildings, whilst also improving minimum space standards. He confirmed he would be writing to Jenrick as a matter of urgency and the letter would also be signed by CIOB, RICS and RTPI.[45]
In January 2021 Jenrick declined South Lakeland MP Tim Farron's request to call in for review plans for Whitehaven coal mine, the first new deep coal mine in the UK in 30 years, after Cumbria County Council approved the plan. Farron described the coal mine as a "complete disaster for our children's future" and that "it's utter and rank hypocrisy for this Conservative Government to claim one minute that they care about protecting our environment, and in the next give the green light to a deep coal mine." West Cumbria Mining said it would create 500 jobs and pay into a community fund for 10 years.[46]
Unlawful approval of Westferry housing development
Westferry Road, Isle of Dogs, in 2012.
In January 2020, Jenrick approved a £1 billion luxury housing development of 1,500 homes on Westferry Road, Isle of Dogs, as a favour to Richard Desmond, a Conservative Party donor and well-known businessman.
Jenrick approved the scheme on 14 January knowing that an approval by that date would enable Desmond to avoid having to pay a council-imposed infrastructure levy of between £30 and £50 million.[47][48]
A Government planning inspector had advised against permitting the scheme, as it would not deliver enough affordable housing and as the height of the tower would be detrimental to the character of the area.[49] Other civil servants had also advised Jenrick not to approve the scheme.[50]
Tower Hamlets London Borough Council then pursued a judicial review against Jenrick's decision in the High Court, arguing that it had shown bias towards Desmond. It was also reported that Jenrick had helped Desmond to save an additional £106m by allowing affordable housing at 21%, instead of enforcing the local and London-wide planning policy requirement of 35%.[51][52] This could have resulted in a total discount (and subsequent loss of revenue to the Exchequer) of approximately £150 million.[52]
In May 2020, Jenrick did not contest the judicial review, conceding that his sign-off of the scheme was "unlawful by reason of apparent bias". He also confirmed that his approval had deliberately been issued before the new CIL policy could be adopted. This meant that Jenrick was able to avoid disclosing correspondence relating to the application in open court. His planning permission was quashed by the High Court, which ordered that the matter was to be decided by a different minister.[53] Jenrick maintained that although the decision had been "unlawful by reason of apparent bias", there had been no "actual bias".[54] Desmond, whose company had donated to the Conservative Party in 2017,[47] made a further personal donation to the party shortly after the approval was given. Andrew Wood, an independent councillor had resigned from the Conservative Party over the property deal.[55][56] The planning decision was re-determined by a different Government minister. In conceding the move did show "apparent bias", Jenrick effectively blocked the judicial review, which originally prevented documents between his department and the developer from being made public.[53]
In June 2020, Desmond told The Sunday Times he had lobbied Jenrick at a Conservative Party fundraising dinner held at the Savoy in November. He said he had showed Jenrick "three or four minutes" of a promotional video for the Westferry Printworks development on his mobile phone, adding "he got the gist".[57]
The interview was followed by a Labour Party opposition day motion debate in the House of Commons on 24 June, which forced Jenrick into releasing all "relevant" documents surrounding his dealings with Desmond, including private text messages between him and the developer that show discussion of the then live planning application beginning the night of the fundraising dinner.[58] One of the emails revealed that Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) officials were being pressured by Jenrick to work out how to overrule the Government's own planning inspector so he could approve the plans before any increase in the Tower Hamlets council community infrastructure levy (CIL), which Desmond would have had to pay.[51] That Jenrick did not disclose to his department his potential conflict of interest until a month after his dinner raised concern.[59] The release of the documents led to calls for Jenrick's resignation for his use of a public office for political favours.[48][60] Cabinet Secretary Mark Sedwill said the prime minister (Boris Johnson) "considered the matter closed" following the publication of the documents.[61]
In August 2020, members of Grenfell United refused an invitation to have a meeting with Jenrick due to the slow progress of enforcing the findings of the first phase of the Grenfell Tower Inquiry, a lack of progress on reforming social housing and his controversy with Desmond.[62]
The project was subsequently refused planning permission in 2021,[63] but was approved in August 2024.[64][65]
Holocaust memorial
In June 2020, Jenrick was described by Baroness Deech as breaching "the guidance on planning propriety" over his management of a planning application to build a national Holocaust memorial, which she described as controversial. The MHCLG, Jenrick's department, took control of the approval process from Westminster Council days after he met the project's main backers, including Gerald Ronson.[66][67] The planning application was called in by Jenrick in November 2019; this was hours before Parliament was dissolved, and three months before Westminster Council unanimously rejected the scheme. The application was submitted in 2018 by the UK Holocaust Memorial Foundation, an organisation sponsored by the MHCLG.[68]
In July 2020, Jenrick faced High Court action brought by the London Parks & Gardens Trust over his handling of the Holocaust memorial planning application and decision to allow his junior colleague, housing minister Christopher Pincher, to determine the fate of the application. Jenrick's decision stripped Westminster City Council of its power to rule on the £102 million project – which was to be built in Victoria Tower Gardens – a grade II listed park near the Palace of Westminster, which the trust said was "the last piece of publicly accessible land in central London".[69]
In September 2022, Jenrick was appointed Minister of State for Health.[71] In October 2022, Jenrick was appointed Minister of State for Immigration, a cabinet attending role, by Prime Minister Rishi Sunak.[72] That same month, Jenrick agreed to visit the Home Office facility in Manston, Kent, after the Independent Inspector of Borders David Neal said to MPs the situation at the centre was "wretched".[73] In February 2023, Jenrick said in a debate in the House of Commons that the Home Office was "monitoring the activities" of human rights lawyers in the United Kingdom, stating that human rights lawyers "exploit and abuse our laws".[74][75][76]
In March 2023, Jenrick said that asylum seekers should be housed "in the most basic accommodation possible, including disused army bases and possibly ships, to save money and to dissuade people from coming to the UK."[77] He said in the House of Commons that, "We must not elevate the wellbeing of illegal migrants above those of the British people". He further stated that "Accommodation for migrants should meet their essential living needs and nothing more. Because we cannot risk becoming a magnet for the millions of people who are displaced and seeking better economic prospects."[78][79] Jenrick stated in April 2023 that protests against asylum seekers being housed in hotels, such as those in Knowsley, Liverpool, which saw far-right demonstrators clash with police, are a "warning to be heeded, not a phenomenon to be managed" by ministers.[80]
In April 2023, the UK government announced that it had leased a barge to house 500 migrants on its southern coast as part of efforts to reduce the use of costly hotels as temporary accommodation while asylum claims were being processed.[81] Jenrick defended the policy, stating that it was necessary in order "to save the British taxpayer money and to prevent the UK becoming a magnet for asylum shoppers in Europe."[81][82] The Bibby Stockholm, which is to be operational for at least 18 months, is to provide basic accommodation and healthcare, catering facilities and round-the-clock security.[83]
Defending the Conservative government's Illegal Migration Bill in Parliament, Jenrick said in April 2023 that refugees crossing the English Channel "cannibalise" communities by importing "different lifestyles and values", which he said undermines "cultural cohesiveness" and that the "nation has a right to preserve itself,[80] "Whilst it's impossible to determine the exact numbers, the basic fact is undeniable that the number of people who are willing and able to reach the UK today is astronomical and vastly outnumbers what we are capable or willing to take as a country."[84] Jenrick said in May 2023 that "The refugee convention ... says that people should seek sanctuary, should seek asylum in the first safe country."[85] The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees previously stated in 2021 that "there is no requirement under international law for asylum-seekers to seek protection in the first safe country they reach."[86]
Jenrick was criticised in July 2023 by Sir Robert Chote, chairman of the British government's official Statistics Authority, for misleading parliament regarding modern slavery.[87] Jenrick incorrectly told the House of Commons that "71 per cent of foreign national offenders in the detained estate, whom we are trying to remove from the country, are claiming to be modern slaves." Chote said that the Home Office's own report on the issue shows that around one fifth of foreign offenders convicted in the UK had been referred for modern slavery support, not the 71 per cent that Jenrick claimed.[87]
In July 2023, it was reported that Jenrick told staff at an asylum reception centre designed for unaccompanied asylum-seeking children in Kent to paint over wall art depicting cartoons and animals such as Baloo from The Jungle Book and Mickey Mouse in order to provide a less welcoming atmosphere for children.[88][89] The Home Office later confirmed that the cartoons had been painted over on 5 July.[90][91] Jenrick said the cartoons were painted over as they were not "age appropriate" for teenagers in the asylum centre.[92]
At the 2024 general election, Jenrick was again re-elected, with a decreased vote share of 39.2% and a decreased majority of 3,572.[97]
In opposition
Logo for Jenrick's 2024 leadership bid
On 25 July 2024, he announced he was running in the leadership election to be the new Conservative Party leader.[98][99] During the First MPs' ballot he won the most votes, at 28 votes.[100] In the Second MPs' ballot Jenrick remained as the frontrunner, winning 33 votes.[101]
In September 2024, Jenrick accused the Labour government of "rank hypocrisy" in relation to the Prime Minister Keir Starmer accepting donations from members of the public. Later that month, Jenrick was found to have accepted a £75,000 donation from Spott Fitness, a company based in the British Virgin Islands.[102] Upon further inspection, the company's accounts revealed it had 'no employees, has never made a profit and has more than £300,000 of debts'.[103] On 30 September 2024, British businessman Phillip Ullmann revealed he had provided the donation through Spott Fitness but did not explain why he did not donate personally, as he has done for several other politicians.[104]
On 9 October 2024, Jenrick came second in the final round of MP voting in the Tory leadership election, therefore making it through to the membership vote which will decide the winner.[105][106]
Political views
10 principles
In August 2024 Jenrick stated that the Conservative party must always be a broad church, but needed foundational principles. He set out 10 principles as "a first attempt to outline what our common creed should be." These included that "market economics drive growth" and that "we need a small state that works".[107]
Jenrick has publicly criticised the Labour government’s policy of introducing VAT charges on tuition fees for private schools and said he would reverse the policy if he became Prime Minister.[110] He is also a supporter of grammar schools, and said in September 2024 that he would support lifting the legal ban on the opening of new grammar schools.[110]
European Convention on Human Rights
In September 2024, Jenrick called for the UK to withdraw from the ECHR and argued that doing so was necessary to remove asylum seekers more quickly. [111]
In October 2024, while standing to be leader of the Conservative Party, Jenrick suggested that British special forces are “killing rather than capturing terrorists because our lawyers tell us that if they’re caught, the European court will set them free”. In response, Grant Shapps, a former Defence Secretary, stated he had found "no evidence" to support Jenrick's claim. [112] Jenrick's comments were also criticized by two of the other leadership contenders, James Cleverly and Tom Tugendhat. [112]
In April 2024, Jenrick suggested that the UK government's foreign aid budget should be cut by 50% with the savings used to increase spending on the British Armed Forces.[115]
In September 2024, Jenrick announced that he would refuse aid to countries that do not accept individuals whose asylum claims have been denied.[116]
Immigration
Jenrick is an opponent of mass immigration and has taken strong stances in favour of radically reducing both legal and illegal immigration and has been described as a "hardliner" on the issue.[117] He has advocated for the Home Office to be broken up into smaller departments, including an immigration department dedicated to border control and the reduction in immigration numbers.[118] He has argued for denying visas to Indian migrants until the Indian government accepts the returns of illegal entrants into the United Kingdom.[119] He has advocated for leaving the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), the European Court of Justice (ECJ), establishing a legally-binding cap on the numbers of visas of 10,000 per annum, and re-implementing the Rwanda deportation scheme.[120] He has also claimed that without a firm commitment to leaving the ECHR, the Conservative Party "will die".[121]
Jenrick also supports cutting foreign aid and spending and visas to any country which does not take back refused asylum seekers.[122] He has proposed that the nationality, visa and asylum status of people convicted of a criminal offence should be recorded to ensure the UK is not "importing crime", and contends that "Too many of our businesses have become hooked on the drug of imported foreign labour".[123][124] In September 2024, he argued that Englishnational identity was being undermined and damaged by mass immigration, multiculturalism, and "woke culture".[125] He wrote in a column for the Daily Mail that "The combination of unprecedented migration, the dismantling of our national culture, non-integrating multiculturalism and the denigration of our identity has presented huge problems".[126]
Defending the Conservative government's Illegal Migration Bill in Parliament, Jenrick said in April 2023 that refugees crossing the English Channel "cannibalise" communities by importing "different lifestyles and values", which he said undermines "cultural cohesiveness" and that the "nation has a right to preserve itself,[80] "Whilst it's impossible to determine the exact numbers, the basic fact is undeniable that the number of people who are willing and able to reach the UK today is astronomical and vastly outnumbers what we are capable or willing to take as a country."[84] Jenrick said in May 2023 that "The refugee convention ... says that people should seek sanctuary, should seek asylum in the first safe country."[85] The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees previously stated in 2021 that "there is no requirement under international law for asylum-seekers to seek protection in the first safe country they reach."[86]
Jenrick supports designating Albania as a safe country for the purposes of asylum claims after there was an increase in Albanian nationals crossing the English channel, describing the country as demonstrably safe. He also described current levels of migration into the United Kingdom as unsustainable, with illegal migration likely to become an issue for many years to come.[127] He has also said that "we must declare countries like Turkey, Brazil and Vietnam safe in law – these are holiday destinations, not war-torn hell-holes."[122]
Israel
Jenrick is a member of the Conservative Friends of Israel parliamentary group.[128][129] In July 2019, he spoke of his visit to Auschwitz concentration camp, "It had a huge impact on me and in particular because my wife is the daughter of Holocaust survivors from modern day Poland and Ukraine."[18] Jenrick has said his connection to the Jewish community forms "a very important and integral part of my life".[18]
Robert Jenrick has been a consistent defender of the State of Israel, including in its war against Hamas and Hezbollah. In October 2023 he denounced the BBC for failing to describe Hamas as a terrorist organisation.[130] In December 2023, Jenrick called for Israel to "finish the job" in its war with Hamas in Gaza.[131] During the 2024 United Kingdom riots, Jenrick said police should have "immediately arrested" protesters shouting Allahu Akbar (meaning "God is Great"), arguing that the phrase was aggressive and intimidating due to its connection with Islamic terrorism. His comments prompted criticism from several Muslim MPs who argued that Jenrick linked all Muslims to extremism.[132]
In late 2023, Jenrick intervened with the Home Office to request that Jordanian-Canadian student Dana Abu Qamar's visa be revoked after she said in an interview with Sky News that, in regards to the October 7th attack in Israel, "We are really, really full of joy of what happened."[133] On 1 December, the UK government decided to revoke her visa stating that Abu Qamar's presence in the UK was "not conducive to the public good".[133] The European Legal Support Center, which provides legal support for pro-Palestinian activists, criticised the decision in a statement: "For a government minister to personally and arbitrarily intervene to remove a Palestinian student from the country and suppress her speech while her family are being killed in Gaza is truly unconscionable". Jenrick suggested that visitors to the UK would be removed if they incited antisemitism, adding that there was a "legal process that must be followed properly".[133]
Jenrick is married to Michal Berkner. She is nine years older than Jenrick,[138] and is the grandchild of Holocaust survivors.[139][140] She is an Israeli-born and US-educated corporate lawyer who practises mainly in London. Together, they have three daughters, whom they are bringing up in the Jewish faith.[1][19][141]
Jenrick lost 25kg body weight in the year to August 2024.[142][143]
Jenrick owns three homes, including two in London, one of which is a £2.5m townhouse less than a mile from the Houses of Parliament. He also owns Eye Manor, a Grade I listed building in Herefordshire which he purchased for £1.1 million in 2009.[146][147] His constituency of Newark is 150 miles (240 km) from his family home in Herefordshire.[148] He rents a £2,000-per-month property in his Newark constituency,[27] which is paid for by the MPs' second homes allowance.[149]
In April 2023, Jenrick was disqualified from driving for six months and fined £1,639 after travelling at 68 miles per hour (109 km/h) in a 40 mph (64 km/h) speed limit zone on the M1 in August 2022. Jenrick said he accepted the court's decision and that he did not see a variable speed limit which had been applied on the motorway. It was reported that Jenrick had previously been fined £307 and given three penalty points in March for exceeding the speed limit on the A40 in west London in August 2021.[150]
^In a letter, the group told him: "Your perceived focus on the interests of property developers over the needs of an impoverished local community has soured our opinion of you. It tells us you have learned nothing from your previous interactions and conversations with Grenfell United committee members who lost so much on the night of the fire. Bereaved families and survivors sat with you and opened their hearts, and your actions have thrown this trust back in our faces." Booth, Robert (6 September 2020). "Grenfell bereaved say Covid ban on attending inquiry is 'madness'". The Guardian. ISSN0261-3077. Retrieved 30 September 2024.
_(St_Edwards_Crown).svg)
.svg)
