Regions of Brazil

Brazil is geopolitically divided into five regions (also called macroregions), by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, which are formed by the federative units of Brazil. Although officially recognized, the division is merely academic, considering geographic, social and economic factors, among others, and has no political effects other than orientating Federal-level government programs.[1] Under the state level, they are further divided into intermediate regions and even further into immediate regions.[2]

The five regions


Name
Area (km2) Area (%) Population
(2022 census)
Population (%) Most populous
municipality

Largest metropolitan area

Number of federative units
Central-West 1,612,007.2 18.86 16.2 million 8.02 Brasília Brasília Integrated Development Region 4
Southeast 927,286 10.85 84.8 million 41.8 São Paulo São Paulo metropolitan area 4
South 577,214 6.75 29.9 million 14.7 Porto Alegre Porto Alegre metropolitan area 3
Northeast 1,558,196 18.29 54.6 million 26.9 Fortaleza Recife metropolitan area 9
North 3,689,637.9 45.27 17.3 million 8.5 Manaus Manaus metropolitan area 7

Central-West Region

  • Area: 1,612,007.2 km2 (18.86%)
  • Population: 16,289,538 (7.2 people/km2; 6.4%)
  • GDP: R$279 billion / US$174,3 billion (2008; 8.3%) (4th)
  • Climate: Savanna climate (hot, with little precipitation during winter in the northeast and the east; Tropical in the east and in the west; Equatorial in the north; Some temperate climate places in the south).
  • States: Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Distrito Federal (Federal District).
  • Largest Cities: Brasília (national capital) (2,562,963); Goiânia (1,318,148); Campo Grande (796,252); Cuiabá (556,298); Aparecida de Goiânia (442,978); Anápolis (334,613).
  • Economy: Livestock,[3] Soybeans, Maize, Sugarcane, Cotton, Tomato,[4][5] Nickel, Copper, Gold,[6] tourism.[7][8][9]
  • Transport: Highways where they are present (mostly in the center and east regions); transport by rivers is common in the north and in the east; airplanes are used in remote and smaller communities.
  • Vegetation: Mainly savanna-like vegetation, including the Pantanal (Chaco, in Paraguay), flooded areas in the west, equatorial rainforests in the north.
  • Notable characteristics: With a low population density, most of the land in the region is used for grazing instead of agriculture. The region is also the least industrialized in the country, based mainly in food & meat processing.

Southeast Region

South Region

  • Area: 577,214 km2 (6.75%)
  • Population: 29.937.706 (43.46 people/km2, 12.5%)
  • GDP: R$503 billion / US$313,8 billion (2008; ~15%) (2nd)
  • Climate: Subtropical by the coast, hot to moderately hot in the summer, mild and very humid winters and temperate by the mountain range, the valleys and the plateaus in the interior, with moderate temperatures in the summer and cold in the winter, with well distributed rainfalls. Snow is relatively common, mainly in the highlands (for example in Santa Catarina state's São Joaquim).
  • States: Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina
  • Largest Cities:[14] Curitiba (1,764,540); Porto Alegre (1,413,094); Joinville (520,905); Londrina (511,278); Caxias do Sul (441,332); Florianópolis (427,298); Maringá (362,329); Pelotas (328,864); Canoas (325,188); Ponta Grossa (314,527); Blumenau (312,634); Cascavel (289,339); Foz do Iguaçu (255,900); and Santa Maria (262,368).
  • Economy: Machinery and automobile industries, textiles, shoes, information technology[8]tourism,[7] soy, maize, wheat, tobacco, rice, apple,[5][4] wine,[15]livestock,[3] coal,[16][17][6] energy production.[9][18]
  • Transport: There are many developed highways and railways throughout the region, although the latter is mainly used for freight. Rivers are used when possible.
  • Vegetation: Rainforests along the coast (Mata Atlântica), subtropical semiciduous in the north and west (Araucárias) and prairie-like vegetation in the south (Pampas). Little native vegetation still remains due to deforestation.
  • Notable characteristics: The South Region of Brazil is historically characterized by its high standard of living, with considerably better social indicators, which include some of the cities with the highest HDI levels in the country, including their capitals. Cities also feature an advanced level of urbanism in comparison with other parts of Brazil. The region is almost the newest in terms of urbanization, it was recently populated by European immigrants (almost 19th century immigration and refugees of World War I and World War IIs). They have added to the local culture, especially in architecture, cuisine and forms of agriculture. Southern region, however, is not immune from poverty, violence and other social issues, especially in the larger cities, even though in a lower level than poorer areas in the country. The state of Santa Catarina is proportionally the Whitest state in Brazil with over 87% of its population being European. The other southern states also have the highest percentage rates of European population.

Northeast Region

North Region

Ethnic composition of regions

The composition of regions of Brazil according to autosomal genetic studies focused on the Brazilian population (which has been found to be a complex melting pot of European, African and Native Americans components):

A 2011 autosomal DNA study, with nearly 1000 samples from all over the country ("whites", "pardos" and "blacks"), found a major European contribution, followed by a high African contribution and an important Native American component.[29] The study showed that Brazilians from different regions are more homogeneous than previously thought by some based on the census alone. "Brazilian homogeneity is, therefore, a lot greater between Brazilian regions than within Brazilian regions."[30]

Region[29] European African Native American
Southeast Brazil 74.20% 17.30% 7.30%
Southern Brazil 79.50% 10.30% 9.40%
Northeast Brazil 60.10% 29.30% 8.90%
Northern Brazil 68.80% 10.50% 18.50%

According to an autosomal DNA study from 2010, a new portrayal of each ethnicity contribution to the DNA of Brazilians, obtained with samples from the five regions of the country, has indicated that, on average, European ancestors are responsible for nearly 80% of the genetic heritage of the population. The variation between the regions is small, with the possible exception of the South, where the European contribution reaches nearly 90%. The results, published by the scientific American Journal of Human Biology by a team of the Catholic University of Brasília, show that, in Brazil, physical indicators such as colour of skin, eyes and hair have little to do with the genetic ancestry of each person, which has been shown in previous studies (regardless of census classification).[31] Ancestry informative SNPs can be useful to estimate individual and population biogeographical ancestry. Brazilian population is characterized by a genetic background of three parental populations (European, African, and Brazilian Native Amerindians) with a wide degree and diverse patterns of admixture. In this work we analyzed the information content of 28 ancestry-informative SNPs into multiplexed panels using three parental population sources (African, Amerindian, and European) to infer the genetic admixture in an urban sample of the five Brazilian geopolitical regions. The SNPs assigned apart the parental populations from each other and thus can be applied for ancestry estimation in a three hybrid admixed population. Data was used to infer genetic ancestry in Brazilians with an admixture model. Pairwise estimates of F(st) among the five Brazilian geopolitical regions suggested little genetic differentiation only between the South and the remaining regions. Estimates of ancestry results are consistent with the heterogeneous genetic profile of Brazilian population, with a major contribution of European ancestry (0.771) followed by African (0.143) and Amerindian contributions (0.085). The described multiplexed SNP panels can be useful tool for bioanthropological studies but it can be mainly valuable to control for spurious results in genetic association studies in admixed populations."[32]

Region[32] European African Native American
Central-West Brazil 65.90% 18.70% 11.80%
Southeast Brazil 79.90% 14.10% 6.10%
South Brazil 87.70% 7.70% 5.20%
Northeast Brazil 77.40% 13.60% 8.90%
North Brazil 71.10% 18.20% 10.70%

An autosomal DNA study from 2009 found a similar profile "all the Brazilian samples (regions) lie more closely to the European group than to the African populations or to the Mestizos from Mexico."[33]

Region[33] European African Native American
Central-West Brazil 66.3% 21.7% 12.0%
Southeast Brazil 60.7% 32.0% 7.3%
South Brazil 81.5% 9.3% 9.2%
Northeast Brazil 66.7% 23.3% 10.0%
North Brazil 60.6% 21.3% 18.1%

According to another autosomal DNA study from 2008, by the University of Brasília (UnB), European ancestry dominates in the whole of Brazil (in all regions), accounting for 65.90% of heritage of the population, followed by the African contribution (24.80%) and the Native American (9.3%); the European ancestry being the dominant ancestry in all regions including the Northeast of Brazil.[34]

A study from 1965, "Methods of Analysis of a Hybrid Population" (Human Biology, vol 37, number 1), led by geneticists D. F. Roberts and R. W. Hiorns, found out the average Northeastern Brazilian to be predominantly European in ancestry (65%), with minor but important African and Native American contributions (25% and 9%).[35]

See also

Notes

  • The number given in parentheses are percentages relative to Brazil as a whole.
  • The populations for the cities given do not include their metropolitan areas.

References

  1. ^ The Five Regions Of Brazil, from worldatlas.com
  2. ^ Costa, Guilherme S.; Cota, Wesley; Ferreira, Silvio C. (2020-05-13). "Metapopulation modeling of COVID-19 advancing into the countryside: an analysis of mitigation strategies for Brazil". medRxiv 10.1101/2020.05.06.20093492v2.
  3. ^ a b c d PPM 2017: Bovine herd predominates in the Midwest and Mato Grosso leads among the states
  4. ^ a b c d IBGE prevê safra recorde de grãos em 2020
  5. ^ a b c d e Brazil's Agriculture by FAO
  6. ^ a b c d e Brazilian Mineral Yearbook
  7. ^ a b c d e Statistical Yearbook for Tourism 2020 base year 2019, page 331 of the PDF file (in Portuguese)
  8. ^ a b c d e Industry in Brazil
  9. ^ a b c d e RENEWABLE CAPACITY STATISTICS 2021
  10. ^ Agriculture in Southeast Region of Brazil
  11. ^ Composição do PIB do estado do Rio de Janeiro
  12. ^ "Rio aumenta sua participação na produção nacional de petróleo e gás". Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  13. ^ "O BNDES e a questão energética e logística da Região Sudeste" (PDF).
  14. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-10-07. Retrieved 2011-08-31.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  15. ^ Além da serra gaúcha: conheça outras regiões produtoras de vinho pelo Estado
  16. ^ Carvão Mineral
  17. ^ Carvão mineral no Brasil e no mundo
  18. ^ Itaipu site
  19. ^ A AGRICULTURA NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO: OPORTUNIDADES E LIMITAÇÕES AO DESENVOLVIMENTO
  20. ^ PPM 2017: Bovine herds predominate in the Midwest and Mato Grosso leads among the states
  21. ^ Região Nordeste bate recorde na geração de energia eólica e solar
  22. ^ A economia salineira no Rio Grande do Norte
  23. ^ Paths of açaí: Pará produces 95 % of Brazil's production, fruit moves US $ 1.5 billion and São Paulo is the main destination in the country
  24. ^ Abacaxi faz o Pará despontar como o maior produtor nacional do fruto
  25. ^ Brazilian Pineapple production
  26. ^ Belo Monte, a maior hidrelétrica do Brasil, inaugura sua capacidade total de geração de energia
  27. ^ Royalties da UHE Tucuruí chegam a R$ 156,2 milhões em 2021
  28. ^ Zona Franca de Manaus: por que mesmo gerando r$ 158 bilhões em receita e mais de 100 mil empregos muitos ainda criticam sua existência
  29. ^ a b Pena, Sérgio D. J.; Di Pietro, Giuliano; Fuchshuber-Moraes, Mateus; Genro, Julia Pasqualini; Hutz, Mara H.; Kehdy, Fernanda de Souza Gomes; Kohlrausch, Fabiana; Magno, Luiz Alexandre Viana; Montenegro, Raquel Carvalho; Moraes, Manoel Odorico; de Moraes, Maria Elisabete Amaral; de Moraes, Milene Raiol; Ojopi, Élida B.; Perini, Jamila A.; Racciopi, Clarice; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ândrea Kely Campos; Rios-Santos, Fabrício; Romano-Silva, Marco A.; Sortica, Vinicius A.; Suarez-Kurtz, Guilherme (2011). Harpending, Henry (ed.). "The Genomic Ancestry of Individuals from Different Geographical Regions of Brazil is More Uniform Than Expected". PLoS ONE. 6 (2): e17063. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...617063P. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017063. PMC 3040205. PMID 21359226.
  30. ^ Nossa herança europeia — Archived 2012-01-30 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ DNA de brasileiro é 80% europeu, indica estudo
  32. ^ a b Lins, T. C.; Vieira, R. G.; Abreu, B. S.; Grattapaglia, D.; Pereira, R. W. (March–April 2009). "Genetic composition of Brazilian population samples based on a set of twenty-eight ancestry informative SNPs". American Journal of Human Biology. 22 (2): 187–192. doi:10.1002/ajhb.20976. PMID 19639555. S2CID 205301927.
  33. ^ a b Forensic Science International: Genetics. Allele frequencies of 15 STRs in a representative sample of the Brazilian population (inglés) Archived 2011-04-08 at WebCite basandos en estudios del IBGE de 2008. Se presentaron muestras de 12.886 individuos de distintas etnias, por regiones, provenían en un 8,26% del Norte, 23,86% del Nordeste, 4,79% del Centro-Oeste, 10,32% del Sudeste y 52,77% del Sur.
  34. ^ Untitled Document Archived 2011-07-06 at the Wayback Machine
  35. ^ BVGF - A Obra / OpЩsculos Archived 2012-03-31 at the Wayback Machine

Read other articles:

artikel ini perlu dirapikan agar memenuhi standar Wikipedia. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan kembangkan artikel ini semampu Anda. Merapikan artikel dapat dilakukan dengan wikifikasi atau membagi artikel ke paragraf-paragraf. Jika sudah dirapikan, silakan hapus templat ini. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Ina Elisabeth KobakS.T., M.M. Anggota Dewan Perwakilan RakyatPetahanaMulai menjabat 1 Oktober 2019Daerah pemilihanPapua Informasi pribadiLahir...

 

BNP Paribas S.A.Kantor pusat BNP ParibasJenisSociété AnonymeKode emitenEuronext: BNPKomponen CAC 40IndustriJasa keuanganPendahuluBanque Nationale de ParisParibasDidirikan1848; 175 tahun lalu (1848) (dengan nama BNP)1872 (dengan nama Paribas)2000 (dengan nama BNP Paribas)KantorpusatBoulevard des Italiens, Paris, PrancisWilayah operasiSeluruh duniaTokohkunciJean Lemierre[1] (Chairman)Jean-Laurent Bonnafé (CEO)ProdukManajemen aset, perbankan konsumen, perbankan korporat, kar...

 

Jamalullail (Jamal Al-Layl)Wangsa indukBa'Alawi sadah (cabang dari Banu Hashim)NegaraMalaysiaKelompok etnisArab–Melayu[1]Didirikan1843PendiriTuanku Syed Hussein JamalullailKepala saat iniTuanku Syed Sirajuddin JamalullailGelarDuli Yang Maha Mulia Tuanku Raja Perlis[2]EstatArau, Perlis[3] Duli Yang Maha Mulia Tuanku Raja Perlis dan Yang Di-Pertuan bagi Negeri PerlisDuli Yang Maha Mulia Tuanku Raja PerlisRoyal standardPetahanaTuanku Syed Sirajuddin ibni al-Marhum Tuank...

Cet article est une ébauche concernant la médecine. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) selon les recommandations des projets correspondants. Un Syndrome d’Hypoventilation du Sommeil (SHS) n'est pas à proprement parler une apnée du sommeil (arrêt de la respiration) selon la classification internationale des troubles du sommeil, mais une hypoventilation. Ce syndrome se caractérise si l'étude du sommeil révèle l'un des deux points suivants voir...

 

Rio BrancoCalcio Capa-Preta, Brancão, O Mais Querido Segni distintivi Uniformi di gara Casa Trasferta Colori sociali Nero, bianco Dati societari Città Vitória Nazione  Brasile Confederazione CONMEBOL Federazione CBF Campionato Capixaba Série A Fondazione 1913 Presidente César Costa Allenatore Erich Bonfim Stadio Kléber Andrade (Cariacica)(21 152 posti) Sito web www.rbac.esp.br Palmarès Titoli nazionali 37 Campionati Capixaba1 Coppa Espírito Santo Si invita a seguire il mode...

 

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Bertrand et Léon Bertrand. Léon Bertrand Fonctions Ministre délégué au Tourisme (secrétaire d'État jusqu'au 30 mars 2004) 17 juin 2002 – 15 mai 2007(4 ans, 10 mois et 28 jours) Président Jacques Chirac Gouvernement Raffarin II et IIIVillepin Prédécesseur Gilles de Robien (ministre) Successeur Luc Chatel (secrétaire d'État) Député français 23 juin 1988 – 19 juillet 2002(14 ans et 26 jours) Élection 12 juin 1988 Ré...

Rumah Sakit Umum DaerahKemayoranPemerintah DKI JakartaGeografiLokasiJl. Serdang Baru I, Serdang, Kec. Kemayoran, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, IndonesiaOrganisasiAsuransi kesehatanBPJS KesehatanPendanaanRumah sakit publikJenisRumah sakit umum daerahAfiliasi dengan universitasDirektorat Jenderal Pelayanan KesehatanPelayananStandar pelayanan (tingkat madya)berlaku sampai 18 Maret 2022[1] Ranjang pasien29SejarahDibuka1 April 2015; 9 tahun lalu (2015-04-01) Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kema...

 

2006 video game This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Superman Returns video game – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) 2006 video gameSuperman ReturnsNorth American Xbox and Xbox 360 cover artDeveloper(s)EA TiburonPublisher(s)El...

 

Pabrik #798. Zona Seni 798 (Hanzi: 798艺术区; Pinyin: 798 Yìshùqū) atau Distrik Seni Dashanzi, adalah kompleks bangunan pabrik militer berusia lebih dari 50 tahun yang telah dinonaktifkan, terkenal akan gaya arsitekturnya yang unik dan menjadi markas komunitas seniman yang sedang berkembang di Dashanzi, Distrik Chaoyang, Beijing, Tiongkok. Kawasan ini sering juga disebut Distrik Seni 789 atau Pabrik 798 meskipun secara teknis Pabrik #798 hanya salah satu dari beberapa bangunan y...

Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України Тип військове формуванняЗасновано 1992Країна  Україна Емблема управління Військово-музичне управління Збройних сил України — структурний підрозділ Генерального штабу Збройних сил України призначений для планува...

 

ASIO redirects here. For computer sound card driver protocol for digital audio, see Audio Stream Input/Output. For other uses, see ASIO (disambiguation). Not to be confused with Australian Secret Intelligence Service. Australian domestic intelligence agency 35°17′33.6″S 149°8′40.1″E / 35.292667°S 149.144472°E / -35.292667; 149.144472 Australian Security Intelligence OrganisationAgency overviewFormed16 March 1949; 75 years ago (1949-03-16)J...

 

City in Tōhoku, JapanSakata 酒田市CitySakata Festival, held annually in May FlagSealLocation of Sakata in Yamagata PrefectureSakata Coordinates: 38°54′52.1″N 139°50′11.2″E / 38.914472°N 139.836444°E / 38.914472; 139.836444CountryJapanRegionTōhokuPrefectureYamagataGovernment • MayorItaru Maruyama (from September 2015)Area • Total602.97 km2 (232.81 sq mi)Population (March 31, 2023) • Total96,77...

Zoo in Chongqing, China Chongqing ZooMain entrance of the zoo29°30′11″N 106°30′22″E / 29.503°N 106.506°E / 29.503; 106.506Date opened1955LocationJiulongpo District, Chongqing, ChinaLand area45 hectares (111 acres)Major exhibitsPanda Enclosure, Dinosaur ValleyWebsitewww.cqzoo.com Chongqing Zoo (Chinese: 重庆动物园; pinyin: Chóngqìng dòngwùyuán) is a zoo in the city of Chongqing, China, about 8 km (5 miles) southwest from the city centr...

 

Edward Bliss Foote designed an early form of barrier contraception that he called the womb veil The womb veil was a 19th-century American form of barrier contraception consisting of an occlusive pessary, i.e. a device inserted into the vagina to block access of the sperm into the uterus. Made of rubber, it was a forerunner to the modern diaphragm and cervical cap.[1] The name was first used by Edward Bliss Foote in 1863 for the device he designed and marketed.[2] Womb veil bec...

 

Artikel ini memiliki beberapa masalah. Tolong bantu memperbaikinya atau diskusikan masalah-masalah ini di halaman pembicaraannya. (Pelajari bagaimana dan kapan saat yang tepat untuk menghapus templat pesan ini) Artikel ini perlu dikembangkan agar dapat memenuhi kriteria sebagai entri Wikipedia.Bantulah untuk mengembangkan artikel ini. Jika tidak dikembangkan, artikel ini akan dihapus. Topik artikel ini mungkin tidak memenuhi kriteria kelayakan umum. Harap penuhi kelayakan artikel dengan: meny...

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Maret 2023. Untuk kegunaan lain, lihat Božići. BožićiDesaBožićiKoordinat: 44°06′36″N 17°38′06″E / 44.1100307°N 17.6351218°E / 44.1100307; 17.6351218NegaraBosnia dan HerzegovinaEntitasFederasi di Bosnia dan HerzegovinaKanton ...

 

.cm

.cm البلد الكاميرون  الموقع الموقع الرسمي  تعديل مصدري - تعديل   cm. هو النطاق الأعلى في ترميز الدولة للمواقع التي تنتمي للكاميرون.[1] المُسجل الأساسي لهذا النطاق هي مؤسسة Netcom.cm، وهي موجود في ياوندي عاصمة الكاميرون. مؤسسة Netcom.cm تم إنشائها في بدايات عام 2008 كشريك ANTIC وه...

 

Golden Delicious Synonyme Gelber Köstlicher, Goldener Köstlicher Art Kulturapfel (Malus domestica) Herkunft Clay County (West Virginia), USA bekannt seit 1890 oder 1905 Markteinführung 1914 Abstammung Zufallssämling, vermutlich Goldreinette x Grimes Golden Liste von Apfelsorten Golden Delicious Äpfel Ansichten der Frucht Der Golden Delicious [ˈgoʊldən dəˈlɪʃəs] ist eine Tafelobstsorte des Kulturapfels. Er gilt als die wichtigste gelbgrüne Apfelsorte im Welthandel.[1 ...

Fujiwara no Hirotsugu in a drawing by Kikuchi Yōsai The Fujiwara no Hirotsugu rebellion (藤原広嗣の乱, Fujiwara no Hirotsugu no ran) was an unsuccessful Nara period rebellion led by Fujiwara no Hirotsugu (藤原広嗣) in the Japanese islands, in the year 740. Hirotsugu, dissatisfied with the political powers, raised an army in Dazaifu, Kyushu but was defeated by government forces. Historical source The Fujiwara no Hirotsugu Rebellion is sparsely documented and most of what is known ab...

 

Stasiun Bantul Bantul Eks stasiun Pasar Bantul. Pernah menjadi warung, namun kini sudah menjadi bengkel.LokasiJalan BantulBantul, Bantul, Bantul, Daerah Istimewa YogyakartaIndonesiaOperator Kereta Api IndonesiaWilayah Penjagaan Aset VI Yogyakarta Letakkm 12+079 lintas Yogyakarta-Palbapang[1] Layanan-KonstruksiJenis strukturAtas tanahInformasi lainKode stasiun PBL 3405[2] SejarahDibuka1895Ditutup1973 (layanan umum) Pertengahan dekade 1980-an (layanan angkutan tetes tebu)Lokasi ...