Red Bull Racing RB20

Red Bull Racing RB20
Max Verstappen driving the RB20 during qualifying for the Chinese Grand Prix
CategoryFormula One
ConstructorRed Bull Racing (chassis)
Honda Racing Corporation (power unit)
Designer(s)
  • Adrian Newey (Chief Technical Officer)
  • Pierre Waché (Technical Director)
  • Ben Waterhouse (Chief Engineer, Performance)
  • Paul Monaghan (Chief Engineer, Car Engineering)
  • Craig Skinner (Chief Designer)
  • Jerome Lafrage (Chief Engineer, Composites and Structures)
  • Edward Aveling (Chief Engineer, Mechanical and Systems)
  • Enrico Balbo (Head of Aerodynamics)
  • Ben Hodgkinson (Power Unit Technical Director)
PredecessorRed Bull RB19
Technical specifications
Suspension (front)Multi-link pull-rod actuated dampers and anti-roll bar
Suspension (rear)Double wishbone push-rod springs, dampers, and anti-roll bar
EngineHonda RBPTH002[1]
1.6 L (98 cu in) direct injection V6 turbocharged engine limited to 15,000 rpm in a rear mid-mounted, rear-wheel-drive layout
Electric motorHonda
Kinetic and thermal energy recovery systems
BatteryHonda Lithium-ion battery
Power1,020 hp (750 kw)
Weight798 kg (1,759 lbs)
FuelEsso / Mobil Synergy
LubricantsMobil 1
TyresPirelli P Zero (Dry)
Pirelli Cinturato (Wet)
Competition history
Notable entrantsOracle Red Bull Racing
Notable drivers
Debut2024 Bahrain Grand Prix
First win2024 Bahrain Grand Prix
Last win2024 Qatar Grand Prix
Last event2024 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix
RacesWinsPodiumsPolesF/Laps
2491884
Constructors' Championships0
Drivers' Championships1 (2024, Max Verstappen)

The Red Bull Racing RB20 is a championship-winning Formula One car designed and constructed by Red Bull Racing and powered by the Honda RBPTH002 power unit to compete in the 2024 Formula One World Championship. The car, which is the successor to the highly successful Red Bull RB19, was unveiled at the team factory in Milton Keynes on 15 February 2024.[2][3][4] The RB20 was driven by defending World Champion Max Verstappen and teammate Sergio Pérez, the latter in what turned out to be his final season for the team,[5] and made its competitive debut at the 2024 Bahrain Grand Prix.

Early-season rounds saw dominant pace, which was confirmed when Red Bull repeated their dominant performances shown throughout the previous year, but as the season progressed, the team found itself pressured and outpaced by rival teams, particularly by McLaren and their MCL38. While the team attempted to introduce upgrades and changes to their car to return to their season-opening dominance, an uptick of performance from McLaren and Ferrari saw them drop to third in the Constructors' Championship. However, Verstappen took two more wins at the São Paulo and Qatar Grands Prix, the former victory contributing to Verstappen ultimately sealing the Drivers' Championship at the following Las Vegas Grand Prix, but even so, Pérez's poor performance in particular - finishing in eighth with 152 points to Verstappen's 437 - meant that Red Bull was knocked out of contention for the Constructors' Championship at the aforementioned Qatar Grand Prix, where, despite Verstappen's victory, Pérez failed to finish the race due to a clutch issue. Ultimately, Red Bull finished in third in the Constructors' Championship behind Ferrari and eventual winners McLaren.

The RB20 achieved 9 wins (plus 4 sprint wins, the last being at the United States Grand Prix), 18 podiums, and 8 pole positions – plus 4 sprint pole positions – and it holds 4 fastest laps.

Competitive history

Pre-season

After the pre-season test in Sakhir at the Bahrain International Circuit, reigning champion Max Verstappen was reported to be 'pleased' with the car's characteristics; Red Bull, who only topped the first day of testing, opted not to focus on lap times.[6]

Opening rounds: Dominant form

Max Verstappen leads Sergio Pérez during qualifying for the 2024 Chinese Grand Prix.

The RB20's pace was confirmed in the subsequent Bahrain Grand Prix, where Verstappen took pole position; he then proceeded to score his fifth career grand chelem during the race itself. His teammate Pérez finished in second, 22 seconds behind him.[7] Verstappen took another dominant victory at the Saudi Arabian Grand Prix. Meanwhile, teammate Pérez finished in second place once more, this time 13 seconds behind him. This marked Verstappen's 100th career podium.[8]

The Australian Grand Prix saw polesitter Verstappen run into early trouble after suffering a brake failure, marking his first retirement in over two years (having retired at the same event in 2022), which allowed Scuderia Ferrari's Carlos Sainz Jr. to score a victory.[9] Further wins and double podium finishes in the Japanese Grand Prix[10] and Chinese Grand Prix[11] followed. At the Miami Grand Prix, Verstappen was set to win the race, having won the sprint, but hit a bollard and damaged his floor. A safety car period then allowed Lando Norris to overtake Verstappen and take his maiden Grand Prix victory. Meanwhile, Pérez finished in fourth.[12]

Mid-season rounds: Falling behind rivals

At the Emilia Romagna Grand Prix, Verstappen led a majority of the race from pole position and would go on to win, despite Norris closing in by the closing stages, while Pérez finished in eighth, his first finish outside of the top five this season.[13] At the Monaco Grand Prix, Verstappen qualified and finished sixth while Pérez had a heavy tangle with the Haas cars, sending all three drivers into retirement.[14] Verstappen won the Canadian Grand Prix after a close qualifying session with George Russell, with the race being held under intermediate conditions that facilitated changes to the wet compounds.[15] He also won the Spanish Grand Prix.[16] Verstappen finished ahead of Norris in both races. Meanwhile however, Pérez failed to finish within the top five in both races; retiring in Canada after he spun the car and broke his rear wing, and finishing in eighth in Spain.

Verstappen took pole position and won the Austrian Grand Prix sprint event. He was on course to win the main race, also from pole position, before a slow stop brought Norris into contention. The two fought for the lead before colliding on lap 64, giving both cars punctures with Norris in particular being handed race-ending damage. Verstappen also received a time penalty for causing the incident, which did not affect his final finishing position of fifth. Meanwhile, Pérez finished in seventh behind Nico Hülkenberg after Hülkenberg passed him in the closing stages of the race.[17] The British Grand Prix was particularly tricky for both Red Bull drivers, with Verstappen and Pérez making errors during qualifying that sent the latter out of Q1 and the former gaining floor damage. Verstappen, whose floor was replaced following qualifying, finished in second after making his way up the field while Pérez finished in seventeenth.[18] The Hungarian Grand Prix was not any better, with Verstappen struggling with the car's handling and pace while Pérez crashed out of Q1 for the second consecutive race in a row. While Pérez recovered to seventh, Verstappen finished in fifth after colliding with Lewis Hamilton, dropping him behind Charles Leclerc.[19] The Belgian Grand Prix saw Verstappen, who set the fastest time in qualifying, take a grid penalty. Teammate Pérez, who set the second-fastest time in qualifying, started on the front row for the first time since the Chinese Grand Prix. However, during the race, Pérez dropped down from second to finish in seventh, while Verstappen, who started eleventh, finished in fourth (following the disqualification of George Russell).[20]

Verstappen during the Dutch Grand Prix

The Dutch Grand Prix saw Verstappen take the second-fastest time in qualifying. He briefly took the lead after Norris had a poor start, but the McLaren driver showed consistent pace behind his rival. On lap 18, Norris took the lead and extended the gap to Verstappen by over 22 seconds as he took the win; for comparison, Verstappen, while in the lead, could only muster a gap that was under 1.5 seconds to Norris, and he suffered issues with turning the car.[21]

The Italian Grand Prix saw both Red Bulls qualify seventh and eighth for Verstappen and Pérez respectively. Pérez finished where he started in eighth while Verstappen made up one place to finish sixth, but ended up 37 seconds behind race winner Charles Leclerc.[22]

Closing rounds: Fending off rivals and championship victory

The Azerbaijan Grand Prix saw Pérez, who qualified fourth, outqualify Verstappen for the first time this season; Verstappen started sixth. Pérez was in the fight for a podium the whole race until he collided with Sainz, taking both out of the race at the very end. Verstappen's title rival Norris worked his way up from a lowly sixteenth on the grid to overtake him for fourth during the race's closing stages.[23] McLaren's large points haul in this Grand Prix enabled them to surge ahead of Red Bull in the Constructor's Championship for the first time.[24] The RB20 was expected to struggle at the Singapore Grand Prix, given its issues with kerb-riding. However, set-up changes during practice drastically improved the car's driveability, enabling Verstappen to qualify and finish second, although he still finished over twenty seconds behind race winner Norris.[25] Perez struggled for pace relative to his teammate, finishing only tenth.

Following a four-week break, Red Bull introduced an upgrade package at the United States Grand Prix to reverse their recent slump in the pecking order.[26] Verstappen reaped the benefits of the upgrades to qualify on pole for the sprint. He converted this advantage into a sprint victory after holding off Norris and the charging Ferrari drivers. However, the RB20 struggled for race pace during the main race, as Verstappen found himself outpaced by both Ferrari drivers and Norris. Norris overtook Verstappen on lap 52, but was subsequently penalised for overtaking off the track, promoting Verstappen to the podium.[27] Perez only managed to finish seventh, and lost out to George Russell despite the latter starting from the pit-lane.

Red Bull endured a miserable weekend in Mexico, as Verstappen endured multiple power unit issues during free practice, reporting a "weird noise" coming from the engine.[28] Perez was knocked out of Q1 in his home race, and his race was hardly better, finishing seventeenth and last of the classified drivers after picking up a ten-second penalty for starting outside of his grid box.[29] Verstappen qualified second, and took the lead from polesitter Sainz on the opening lap. However, Verstappen picked up twenty seconds' worth of penalties for twice running Norris off the track on lap 10.[30] Verstappen struggled for race pace and was only able to recover to sixth. With Ferrari drivers Sainz and Leclerc finishing 1st and 3rd respectively, Red Bull dropped to third in the Constructor's Championship behind McLaren and Ferrari.

Before the São Paulo Grand Prix, Red Bull opted to change Verstappen's ICE, resulting in an automatic five-place grid penalty for the main race.[31] The RB20 demonstrated strong race pace at the São Paulo Grand Prix sprint, with Verstappen finishing third on the road just behind the two McLarens, while Perez climbed up to eighth from a lowly thirteenth on the grid. However, Verstappen was penalised five seconds for a VSC infringement, demoting him to fourth behind Leclerc.[32] Both drivers were knocked out in Q2 after the Aston Martin of Lance Stroll crashed late into the session, preventing Verstappen and Perez from attempting another fast lap. Verstappen's twelfth place classification in qualifying meant he would start seventeenth after his five-place grid penalty was applied, while title rival Norris qualified on pole.[33] In tricky conditions, Verstappen would scythe through the field to win against the odds in the main race, marking his and the RB20's first victory since the Spanish Grand Prix.[34] Perez would have a much tougher time in this Grand Prix as he spun on the opening lap and finished eleventh, outside the points-paying positions.

At the Las Vegas Grand Prix, the RB20 struggled to match the straight-line speed of its rivals as the team did not design a low-downforce rear wing spec ideal for the circuit configuration.[35] This meant Verstappen only qualified fifth for the main race, while Perez was knocked out in Q1. Verstappen climbed up to second in the race's opening stint after passing Leclerc and Sainz, who both experienced severe tyre graining. Verstappen struggled for race pace on the hard tyre in the second and third stints and was overtaken by Hamilton, Sainz and Leclerc before the end of the race. However, as Verstappen finished ahead of Lando Norris, he mathematically secured the 2024 World Driver's championship with two races to spare.[36] Perez recovered to tenth in a drive that included a double overtake on Liam Lawson and Kevin Magnussen on lap 38.

The RB20 was initially uncompetitive around Lusail International Circuit at the Qatar Grand Prix. Verstappen qualified only 6th in sprint qualifying, while Perez would start from the pit lane after being knocked out in SQ1. Verstappen lost three places at the start of the sprint race, while Perez spent the entirety of the race in 20th, pitting mid-race to replace his front-wing. Verstappen overtook Pierre Gasly for 8th during the sprint, but he was unable to catch Nico Hulkenberg in 7th, citing struggles with oversteer.[37] In the 3 hours between the sprint and qualifying sessions, Red Bull tweaked their set-up, resulting in a significantly improved balance in the RB20 that enabled Verstappen to set the fastest time in Q3.[38] This would have been Verstappen and the RB20's first pole since the Austrian Grand Prix but for a one-place grid penalty for driving too slow in a cooldown lap.[39] Nevertheless, Verstappen took the lead from polesitter George Russell at turn 1, while Perez overtook Hamilton for 7th. Both drivers held their positions until a safety car was called out due to debris on track. However, Perez spun out during the safety car restart, causing a clutch failure and forcing him to retire from the race.[40] Verstappen held onto the lead for the rest of the race to claim his 9th victory of the season, but despite this, Red Bull fell out of contention for the World Constructor's Championship with one race to go.[41]

At the season finale in Abu Dhabi, the RB20 struggled with balance throughout the practice and qualifying sessions, with Verstappen qualifying only fifth after sliding on the exit of the final corner in Q3.[42] Verstappen was later promoted to fourth on the grid after Hulkenberg was given a grid penalty for illegally overtaking two cars on the pit exit road.[43] Both Red Bull drivers had a disastrous opening lap, with Verstappen dropping to eleventh after colliding with Oscar Piastri at turn 1, while Perez collided with Valtteri Bottas at turn 6, after which he lost drive and retired from the race.[44] Verstappen was given a 10-second penalty for his opening lap collision, and only recovered to sixth as the RB20 once again exhibited poor race pace.[45]

Characteristics

While initially dominant, the RB20 was quickly challenged by rival constructors McLaren, Ferrari and Mercedes. One of the main issues Red Bull has tried to fix is a balance issue which leads to understeer, which was most apparent during the Hungarian and Dutch Grands Prix. Additionally, the RB20 struggled with kerb-riding, which was particularly apparent at the Monaco Grand Prix.[46]

During the Hungarian Grand Prix, Verstappen experienced understeer, complaining to team radio that despite having a -5 setting on his brake bias, the car continued to exhibit understeer.[47] After the race, Verstappen suggested that the car's pace had now fallen behind McLaren's MCL38.[48] Team principal Horner acknowledged after the Italian Grand Prix that Red Bull had a balance issue that caused a downwards trend in performance the team has since then attempted to fix.[49] Following the Azerbaijan Grand Prix, where Red Bull lost the lead of the Constructors' Championship to McLaren, Horner revealed that said issues, which also coincided with a downwards slump in form for Pérez, stemmed from an upgrade to the RB19 introduced at the 2023 Spanish Grand Prix; the team began to focus their development on Verstappen's car over fixing any potential issues with their ultimately dominant 2023 car.[50]

Liveries

RB20 with the “Stallion Red” livery driven by Verstappen at Silverstone

In March 2024, Red Bull announced REBL CUSTMS, a fan design livery competition for the RB20. The winning designs would be used on the car at three races: the British, Singapore, and United States Grands Prix.[51]

During the British Grand Prix, the team ran the first of the special liveries. The design was described as “Stallion Red” and was designed by Chalaj Suvanish from Thailand.[52]

Before the Singapore Grand Prix, Red Bull announced that they would no longer be using the fan-designed livery for the Singapore and United States Grands Prix, citing weight issues as the reason.[53]

Complete Formula One results

Key
Key
Colour Result
Gold Winner
Silver Second place
Bronze Third place
Green Other points position
Blue Other classified position
Not classified, finished (NC)
Purple Not classified, retired (Ret)
Red Did not qualify (DNQ)
Black Disqualified (DSQ)
White Did not start (DNS)
Race cancelled (C)
Blank Did not practice (DNP)
Excluded (EX)
Did not arrive (DNA)
Withdrawn (WD)
Did not enter (empty cell)
Annotation Meaning
P Pole position
F Fastest lap
Superscript
number
Points-scoring position
in sprint
Year Entrant Power unit Tyres Driver name Grands Prix Points WCC pos.
BHR SAU AUS JPN CHN MIA EMI MON CAN ESP AUT GBR HUN BEL NED ITA AZE SIN USA MXC SAP LVG QAT ABU
2024 Red Bull Racing Honda RBPTH002 P Netherlands Max Verstappen 1PF 1P RetP 1PF 11 P 21 P 1P 6 1 1 51 P 2 5 4 2 6 5 2 31 6 14 F 5 18 6 589 3rd
Mexico Sergio Pérez 2 2 5 2 33 43 8 Ret Ret 8 78 17 7 7F 6 8 17† 10 7 17 118 10 Ret Ret
Source:

References

  1. ^ "Honda RBPTH002". Honda Racing. 15 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  2. ^ "The exciting new Oracle Red Bull Racing RB20 takes off". Red Bull. 15 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  3. ^ "Oracle Red Bull Racing 2024 Launch". Red Bull. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
  4. ^ "Join defending triple World Champion, Max Verstappen and Checo Pérez from the Red Bull Technology Campus in Milton Keynes as the Team gear up for another season of racing". Red Bull. Retrieved 27 February 2024.
  5. ^ Noble, Jonathan (18 December 2024). "Perez leaves Red Bull with immediate effect". Autosport. Motorsport Network. ISSN 0269-946X. Retrieved 18 December 2024.
  6. ^ Verstappen hails 'very positive test' for Red Bull as he gives verdict on RB20. www.formula1.com (Report). 23 February 2024. Retrieved 23 February 2024.
  7. ^ Benson, Andrew (2 March 2024). "F1 Bahrain Grand Prix: Max Verstappen takes dominant win for Red Bull". BBC Sport. Retrieved 4 March 2024.
  8. ^ "'It's 88 missed podiums!' – Verstappen reflects on 100th F1 rostrum appearance as he praises 'fantastic' Bearman". Formula One Management. 9 March 2024.
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  28. ^ Verstappen's Friday "useless" after engine issue hampered Mexico GP practice. www.autosport.com (Report). 26 October 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
  29. ^ "'I don't think it was a very clever move' – Perez unhappy with Lawson over battle that 'took the whole side of the car off' in Mexico". www.formula1.com. 28 October 2024. Retrieved 13 December 2024.
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  35. ^ "What has happened with Red Bull's rear wing in Las Vegas". www.autosport.com. 22 November 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  36. ^ Verstappen crowned champion as Russell heads Mercedes 1-2 in Las Vegas. www.formula1.com (Report). 24 November 2024. Retrieved 15 December 2024.
  37. ^ Verstappen: "Rally car" Red Bull was undriveable in Qatar GP sprint. www.autosport.com (Report). 30 November 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  38. ^ "Verstappen shocked by 'crazy' turnaround after P1 qualifying as he prepares for 'tough' race in Qatar". www.formula1.com. 30 November 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  39. ^ "Verstappen loses Qatar GP pole after one-place grid penalty". www.motorsport.com. 30 November 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  40. ^ "Perez explains reasons behind his Qatar GP spin as promising start ended in retirement". www.formula1.com. 2 December 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024.
  41. ^ "What do McLaren need to do to win the 2024 constructors' championship in Abu Dhabi?". www.formula1.com. 29 November 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  42. ^ "Verstappen explains "spicy" slide towards the wall in Abu Dhabi GP qualifying". www.autosport.com. 7 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  43. ^ "Tunnel pass penalty spoils Hulkenberg's heroic qualifying". www.the-race.com. 7 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  44. ^ "Perez says collision with Bottas in Abu Dhabi 'sums it up' as he admits uncertainty around his future". www.formula1.com. 8 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  45. ^ "Verstappen and Piastri give their take on first-lap clash as both endure tough outing in Abu Dhabi". www.formula1.com. 8 December 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  46. ^ Boxall-Legge, Jake (3 June 2024). "Red Bull braced for tough Canada test amid F1 kerb struggles". Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. Retrieved 4 June 2024.
  47. ^ "Horner blames understeer for subpar performance at the Hungaroring". F1 Technical. 23 July 2024. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
  48. ^ "'I want things to be done better' fumes Verstappen after Hungarian GP as he admits Red Bull now behind McLaren". formula1.com. 21 July 2024. Retrieved 21 July 2024.
  49. ^ Noble, Jonathan (2 September 2024). "Red Bull trapped in "vicious circle" with RB20 problems". Motorsport.com. Motorsport Network. Retrieved 31 October 2024. We've got a disconnection in balance that just isn't working," [Horner] revealed. [...] "I think Max can't lean on the rear on the way into the corner, or Checo. And you then end up compensating for that. Then you create understeer. And it's on such a fine line.
  50. ^ Schmidt, Michael (16 September 2024). "Wie schlecht ist der RB20 wirklich?". Auto Motor und Sport (in German). Retrieved 12 November 2024.
  51. ^ "Red Bull announces fan livery competition". driven.site. 24 March 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
  52. ^ "Red Bull reveal special fan designed F1 livery for British GP". crash.net. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.
  53. ^ "Red Bull abandons F1 livery takeovers because of car weight concerns". motorsport.com. 18 September 2024. Retrieved 22 September 2024.

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Greek island in the Aegean This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Skopelos – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (February 2008) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Municipality in GreeceSkopelos ΣκόπελοςMunicipalitySkopelosLocation within the region Coordinates: 39�...

 

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Procuratore generale (disambigua). Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento diritto penale non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Il sigillo del Dipartimento di Giustizia degli Stati Uniti d'America Il procuratore generale, noto in inglese ...

Beruang cokelat kamchatkabahasa Rusia: Камчатский бурый медведь Ursus arctos beringianus Rekaman Status konservasiRisiko rendah TaksonomiKerajaanAnimaliaFilumChordataKelasMammaliaOrdoCarnivoraFamiliUrsidaeGenusUrsusSpesiesUrsus arctosSubspesiesUrsus arctos beringianus Middend., 1851 Tata namaSinonim taksonkolymensis Ognev, 1924mandchuricus Heude, 1898piscator Pucheran, 1855DistribusiPeta persebaran Ursus arctos beringianus. lbs Beruang cokelat kamchatka (Ursus arctos...

 

32°38′28″N 33°34′02″E / 32.64113°N 33.56727°E / 32.64113; 33.56727 نظمت حركة غزة الحرة ومؤسسة الإغاثة الإنسانية والحريات والحقوق البشرية (IHH) التركية أسطول الحرية لغزة، وحملته بالمساعدات الإنسانية ومواد البناء بغرض كسر الحصار الإسرائيلي المصري على قطاع غزة.[1][2] في 31 مايو 2010...

 

L'agar agar (noto anche come agar, dal nome malese delle alghe rosse) è un polisaccaride usato come gelificante naturale e ricavato da alghe rosse appartenenti a diversi generi (tra i quali Gelidium, Gracilaria, Gelidiella, Pterocladia, Sphaerococcus). Dal punto di vista chimico è un polimero costituito principalmente da unità di D-galattosio (è quindi detto poligalattoside). Indice 1 Utilizzo in cucina 2 Altri usi 3 Note 4 Voci correlate 5 Altri progetti 6 Collegamenti esterni Utilizzo i...

Syarif Ismail Perdana Menteri MesirMasa jabatan19 September 2015 – 7 Juni 2018PresidenAbdul Fattah as-SisiPendahuluIbrahim MahlabPenggantiMoustafa MadboulyMenteri Perminyakan MesirMasa jabatan16 Juli 2013 – 12 September 2015Perdana MenteriHazim al-Biblawi (Penjabat)Ibrahim MahlabPendahuluSyarif HaddaraPenggantiTariq al-Mulla Informasi pribadiLahir6 Juli 1955 (umur 68)Meninggal4 Februari 2023 (umur 1)Kairo, MesirPartai politikIndependenAlma materUniversitas Ain ...

 

Crewed deep-ocean research submersible ALVIN redirects here. For other uses, see Alvin. Alvin in 1978, a year after first exploring hydrothermal vents. The rack hanging at the bow holds sample containers. History United States NameAlvin NamesakeAllyn Vine OperatorWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution BuilderGeneral Mills' Electronics Group[1] AcquiredMay 26, 1964 In serviceJune 5, 1964 Statusin active service, as of 2023[ref] General characteristics [2] TypeDeep-submerg...

 

Descendant of Abraham Lincoln (1904–1985) Robert Todd Lincoln BeckwithBorn(1904-07-19)July 19, 1904Riverside, Illinois, U.S.DiedDecember 24, 1985(1985-12-24) (aged 81)Hartfield, Virginia, U.S.EducationGeorgetown University (LLB)OccupationGentleman farmerSpouses Hazel Holland Wilson ​ ​(m. 1927; died 1966)​ Annemarie Hoffman ​ ​(m. 1967; div. 1976)​ Margaret Hogan Fristoe ​ ​&...

1963 Soviet crewed spaceflight Vostok 6The Vostok 6 capsule in a museum display (2016)OperatorSoviet space programCOSPAR ID1963-023A SATCAT no.595Mission duration2 days, 22 hours, 50 minutesOrbits completed48 Spacecraft propertiesSpacecraftVostok-3KA No.8ManufacturerExperimental Design Bureau OKB-1Launch mass4,713 kilograms (10,390 lb) CrewCrew size1MembersValentina TereshkovaCallsignЧайка (Chayka - Seagull)[1] Start of missionLaunch date16 June 1963, 09:29:52...

 

Approximation of a black body's spectral radiance Comparison of Rayleigh–Jeans law with Wien approximation and Planck's law, for a body of 5800 K temperature. In physics, the Rayleigh–Jeans law is an approximation to the spectral radiance of electromagnetic radiation as a function of wavelength from a black body at a given temperature through classical arguments. For wavelength λ, it is B λ ( T ) = 2 c k B T λ 4 , {\displaystyle B_{\lambda }(T)={\frac {2ck_{\text{B}}T}...

 

Cet article concerne l’ancien pays d'Asie Mineure. Pour le prénom, voir Lydie (prénom). Ne doit pas être confondu avec Lycie. Position de la Lydie en Asie Mineure. L'Asie Mineure au temps des Diadoques. Diocèse d'Asie vers 400. La Lydie est un ancien pays d'Asie Mineure, proche de la mer Égée, dont la capitale était Sardes. Elle devient le cœur d'un royaume qui prend une grande importance politique durant la première moitié du VIe siècle av. J.-C., en particulier s...

US Marine Corps general John Revell Jack DaileyGeneral John R. Dailey8th Director of the National Air and Space MuseumIn officeJanuary 1, 2000 – April 30, 2018Preceded byDonald D. EngenSucceeded byEllen StofanActing Deputy Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space AdministrationIn officeNovember 3, 1992 – December 31, 1999PresidentGeorge H. W. BushBill ClintonAdministratorDaniel S. GoldinPreceded byAaron Cohen (acting)Succeeded byDaniel Mulville (acting) Pe...

 

金刚狼3:殊死一战Logan電影海報基本资料导演詹姆斯·曼高德监制 賽門·金柏格 赫欽斯·帕克 蘿倫·舒勒·唐納(英语:Lauren Shuler Donner) 编剧史考特·法蘭克[*]麥可·葛林 (編劇)詹姆斯·曼高德剧本 麥可·葛林 史考特·法蘭克(英语:Scott Frank) 詹姆斯·曼高德 故事詹姆斯·曼高德原著《金鋼狼》羅伊·湯瑪士(英语:Roy Thomas)藍·韋恩(英语:Len Wein)約翰·羅密塔(英语:J...