Real income

Real income is the income of individuals or nations after adjusting for inflation. It is calculated by dividing nominal income by the price level. Real variables such as real income and real GDP are variables that are measured in physical units, while nominal variables such as nominal income and nominal GDP are measured in monetary units. Therefore, real income is a more useful indicator of well-being since it measures the amount of goods and services that can be purchased with the income. Growth of real income is related to real gross national income per capita growth.

According to the classical dichotomy theory, real variables and nominal variables are separate in the long run, so they are not influenced by each other. In other words, if the nominal starting income was 100 and there was 10% inflation (general rise in prices, for example, what cost 10 now costs 11), then with nominal income of still 100, one can buy roughly 9% less; so if nominal income was not adjusted for inflation (did not rise by 10%), real income has dropped by approximately 9%.[1] But if the classical dichotomy holds, nominal income will eventually go up by 10%, leaving real income unchanged from its original value.

Real gross national income per capita by country

The real gross national income (GNI) per capita in constant 2015 USD according to the World Bank is shown for last available year:[2]

Country GNI per capita
(constant 2015 USD)		 Year
 Afghanistan 570.3 2015
 Albania 4793.0 2021
 Algeria 4643.4 2023
 Angola 2106.8 2023
 Antigua and Barbuda 15045.6 2015
 Argentina 12337.2 2023
 Armenia 5433.3 2023
 Aruba 27222.6 2015
 Australia 63230.5 2023
 Austria 45302.9 2022
 Azerbaijan 5324.6 2015
 Bahamas 28016.7 2022
 Bahrain 21884.6 2021
 Bangladesh 1316.7 2015
 Barbados 16274.7 2015
 Belarus 6239.7 2023
 Belgium 43210.4 2022
 Belize 6162.4 2023
 Benin 1292.2 2023
 Bermuda 118137.1 2022
 Bhutan 3176.2 2022
 Bolivia 3041.0 2022
 Bosnia and Herzegovina 6404.7 2023
 Botswana 6438.3 2022
 Brazil 8765.4 2023
 Brunei Darussalam 28236.6 2022
 Bulgaria 9425.2 2023
 Burkina Faso 705.2 2021
 Burundi 262.9 2023
 Cabo Verde 3686.3 2023
 Cambodia 1503.0 2023
 Cameroon 1429.6 2023
 Canada 45025.4 2023
 Cayman Islands 45853.9 2015
 Central African Republic 383.5 2022
 Chad 589.4 2023
 Chile 13488.3 2023
 China 11489.3 2022
 Colombia 6807.4 2023
 Comoros 1376.9 2023
 DR Congo 523.9 2023
 Republic of the Congo 1608.3 2023
 Costa Rica 12044.8 2022
 Ivory Coast 2392.0 2023
 Croatia 17249.7 2023
 Cuba 7920.0 2019
 Curaçao 19082.1 2015
 Cyprus 27584.0 2023
 Czech Republic 18837.8 2022
 Denmark 64538.1 2022
 Djibouti 3062.3 2023
 Dominica 7408.5 2015
 Dominican Republic 8491.5 2023
 Ecuador 6031.3 2023
 Egypt 3996.7 2023
 El Salvador 4170.8 2023
 Equatorial Guinea 4722.6 2019
 Estonia 21491.4 2022
 Eswatini 4350.9 2022
 Ethiopia 888.0 2023
 Faroe Islands 54153.8 2015
 Fiji 4795.1 2015
 Finland 45739.1 2023
 France 38963.8 2022
 Gabon 5345.7 2022
 The Gambia 698.3 2023
 Georgia 5679.4 2023
 Germany 44177.8 2023
 Ghana 2007.2 2022
 Greece 19430.7 2022
 Grenada 7401.3 2015
 Guatemala 4516.4 2023
 Guinea 906.3 2023
 Guinea-Bissau 762.2 2023
 Guyana 5701.1 2015
 Haiti 1210.2 2023
 Honduras 2374.1 2023
 Hong Kong 47707.5 2023
 Hungary 14818.5 2022
 Iceland 52857.6 2015
 India 2206.7 2023
 Indonesia 4132.1 2023
 Iran 5199.6 2022
 Iraq 4092.1 2021
 Ireland 66662.1 2022
 Isle of Man 77330.1 2021
 Israel 43655.2 2022
 Italy 33616.7 2023
 Jamaica 5156.3 2019
 Japan 37124.4 2022
 Jordan 4018.6 2015
 Kazakhstan 9672.0 2022
 Kenya 1726.9 2022
 Kiribati 3193.3 2015
 South Korea 32740.4 2023
 Kosovo 4945.2 2023
 Kuwait 30252.0 2019
 Kyrgyzstan 1141.2 2022
 Laos 2138.3 2016
 Latvia 17511.0 2022
 Lebanon 6117.2 2023
 Lesotho 1128.6 2022
 Liberia 639.0 2015
 Libya 10231.6 2022
 Liechtenstein 138201.3 2015
 Lithuania 16201.6 2022
 Luxembourg 74240.0 2022
 Macau 38187.6 2022
 Madagascar 452.6 2023
 Malawi 531.3 2015
 Malaysia 11379.4 2023
 Maldives 8717.2 2015
 Mali 726.1 2023
 Malta 28348.5 2023
 Marshall Islands 6062.3 2022
 Mauritania 1624.0 2023
 Mauritius 11580.4 2023
 Mexico 10069.9 2023
 Micronesia 3433.6 2015
 Moldova 3733.7 2023
 Mongolia 3916.4 2023
 Montenegro 8460.4 2023
 Morocco 3321.1 2023
 Mozambique 539.3 2022
 Myanmar 1116.8 2015
 Namibia 4272.0 2023
 Nauru 10421.3 2015
 Nepal 1105.5 2023
 Netherlands 49500.6 2022
New Caledonia New Caledonia 34264.0 2015
 New Zealand 41844.4 2022
 Nicaragua 2074.8 2023
 Niger 544.9 2019
 Nigeria 2610.5 2015
 North Macedonia 5986.8 2023
 Norway 105006.0 2022
 Oman 17081.0 2021
 Pakistan 1634.0 2023
 Palau 12066.8 2022
 Panama 12797.5 2015
 Papua New Guinea 2335.3 2015
 Paraguay 6205.8 2023
 Peru 6110.9 2023
 Philippines 4051.0 2023
 Poland 16544.3 2023
 Portugal 22160.6 2023
 Puerto Rico 20965.6 2023
 Qatar 65508.3 2015
 Romania 12014.7 2023
 Russia 9995.9 2023
 Rwanda 975.2 2023
 Samoa 3776.6 2023
 São Tomé and Príncipe 1309.1 2015
 Saudi Arabia 21094.7 2015
 Senegal 1423.5 2023
 Serbia 7288.1 2023
 Seychelles 16471.2 2023
 Sierra Leone 609.9 2021
 Singapore 51848.7 2015
 Sint Maarten 35448.7 2015
 Slovakia 17497.9 2023
 Slovenia 23982.8 2022
 Solomon Islands 2094.5 2022
 Somalia 505.4 2015
 South Africa 6080.6 2023
 South Sudan 940.0 2015
 Spain 27189.4 2022
 Sri Lanka 3843.7 2023
 Saint Kitts and Nevis 18711.5 2015
 Saint Lucia 9437.5 2015
 St. Vincent and Grenadines 7201.9 2015
 Sudan 1324.7 2015
 Suriname 8884.7 2015
 Sweden 57925.9 2022
 Switzerland 86537.2 2022
 Syria 825.1 2015
 Tajikistan 1677.2 2022
 Tanzania 1039.4 2022
 Thailand 5414.3 2015
 East Timor 1647.0 2022
 Togo 925.5 2023
 Tonga 4761.1 2021
 Trinidad and Tobago 18344.7 2015
 Tunisia 3802.1 2023
 Turkey 15666.8 2024
 Turkmenistan 5845.1 2015
 Turks and Caicos Islands 24059.1 2015
 Tuvalu 5238.7 2015
 Uganda 935.9 2023
 Ukraine 2288.3 2023
 United Arab Emirates 41081.9 2020
 United Kingdom 41316.4 2020
 United States of America 65103.0 2022
 Uruguay 16800.7 2023
 Uzbekistan 2799.6 2015
 Vanuatu 2950.0 2022
 Vietnam 3473.0 2022
 Palestine 3739.6 2022
 Yemen 1453.1 2015
 Zambia 1282.6 2015
 Zimbabwe 1311.6 2022

See also

References

  1. ^ Kagan, Julia. "Real Income". Investopedia. Retrieved 2019-03-12.
  2. ^ "GNI per capita (constant 2015 US$), World Bank national accounts data, and OECD National Accounts data files, World Bank Group, accessed August 2024".

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