Ramhormoz

For the administrative division of Khuzestan province, see Ramhormoz County.

Ramhormoz
Persian: رامهرمز
City
Main building of Samimi Mansion
Main building of Samimi Mansion
Ramhormoz is located in Iran
Ramhormoz
Ramhormoz
Ramhormoz is located in Near East
Ramhormoz
Ramhormoz
Coordinates: 31°16′31″N 49°36′16″E / 31.27528°N 49.60444°E / 31.27528; 49.60444[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceKhuzestan
CountyRamhormoz
DistrictCentral
Area
 • Total
49.49 km2 (19.11 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Total
74,285
 • Density1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)

Ramhormoz (Persian: رامهرمز)[a] is a city in the Central District of Ramhormoz County, Khuzestan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[4] In ancient times it had been known as Samangan, having been established by the Sasanian emperor Hormizd I,[5] although an Elamite tomb has been found as well. The historical territory of Ramshir is in this area, only 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) away from the city.

History

According to a hadith in Sahih al-Bukhari, Ramhormoz is the ancestral home of Salman the Persian, a companion of the Prophet.[6][7][8]

Silver coin of the Caliphate, mint at Ramhurmuz minted Dated AH 96 (AD 714/5) during Al-Walid I's reign

The proper history of the city begins in the Sasanian era, although there have been Elamite remains found in and around the city as well. The tomb of the Sasanian founder of the city, Hormizd I, is commonly thought to be situated within the city. "With the gradual Muslim conquest of Khuzestan in the 7th century, Rāmhormoz was the scene of a peace agreement between the local Sasanian satrap, Hormozān, and the commander of the Muslim army.".[9]

During the Islamic times, it was remarked by Muslim geographers that the city contained a library comparable only to the one in Basra in the wealth of its collection, and that silk was produced in the city and distributed to distant lands.[10][11] The city enjoyed incredible opulence before entering a state of decline.

Ramhormoz was the location in which Elamite was last reported to be spoken. This report was written circa 988 AD by Al-Muqaddasi, characterizing the local Khuzi people as bilingual in Arabic and Persian but also speaking an "incomprehensible" language. The town had recently become prosperous again after the foundation of a market. As it received an influx of foreigners and being a "Khuzi" was stigmatized at the time, the language probably died out in the 11th century.[12]

The 14th-century Muslim Laguatan traveler and explorer ibn Battuta visited the city during his travels and described the city as "a fine city with fruit-trees and rivers."[13]

From late Safavid until Qajar Iran, the allegiance of the city frequently shifted between Khuzestan and Fars province. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Lurs and Arabs started to settle within and around the city from nearby lands.[14]

Demographics

Language

The language of the people of Ramhormoz (which is also called Rumezi) is a Khuzestani Persian dialect.[15][16][17]

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 49,822 in 10,966 households.[18] The following census in 2011 counted 69,869 people in 17,046 households.[19] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 74,285 people in 20,127 households.[2]

Climate

Ramhormoz has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: BSh).

Climate data for Ramhormoz (1987–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 27.2
(81.0) 		31.0
(87.8) 		37.4
(99.3) 		43.2
(109.8) 		47.8
(118.0) 		50.6
(123.1) 		51.6
(124.9) 		51.4
(124.5) 		48.6
(119.5) 		43.0
(109.4) 		35.8
(96.4) 		31.0
(87.8) 		51.6
(124.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 17.1
(62.8) 		20.2
(68.4) 		25.2
(77.4) 		32.1
(89.8) 		39.7
(103.5) 		44.5
(112.1) 		46.0
(114.8) 		45.8
(114.4) 		42.0
(107.6) 		35.9
(96.6) 		26.7
(80.1) 		19.8
(67.6) 		32.9
(91.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 12.7
(54.9) 		15.0
(59.0) 		19.2
(66.6) 		25.4
(77.7) 		32.2
(90.0) 		36.3
(97.3) 		38.2
(100.8) 		38.0
(100.4) 		34.2
(93.6) 		28.9
(84.0) 		20.7
(69.3) 		15.0
(59.0) 		26.3
(79.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 9.3
(48.7) 		9.8
(49.6) 		13.3
(55.9) 		18.7
(65.7) 		24.7
(76.5) 		28.2
(82.8) 		30.5
(86.9) 		30.1
(86.2) 		26.3
(79.3) 		21.8
(71.2) 		14.7
(58.5) 		10.2
(50.4) 		19.7
(67.5)
Record low °C (°F) −0.8
(30.6) 		−0.8
(30.6) 		2.8
(37.0) 		7.6
(45.7) 		15.6
(60.1) 		21.6
(70.9) 		23.4
(74.1) 		22.6
(72.7) 		18.4
(65.1) 		12.4
(54.3) 		2.2
(36.0) 		0.6
(33.1) 		−0.8
(30.6)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 77.1
(3.04) 		42.5
(1.67) 		43.2
(1.70) 		19.7
(0.78) 		1.9
(0.07) 		0.1
(0.00) 		0.1
(0.00) 		0.2
(0.01) 		0.9
(0.04) 		8.0
(0.31) 		29.0
(1.14) 		87.5
(3.44) 		310.2
(12.21)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 7.0 4.4 4.3 3.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.8 3.4 5.7 29.5
Average relative humidity (%) 69 58 48 37 21 17 19 21 21 28 45 65 37
Mean monthly sunshine hours 175.5 195.1 229.8 233.4 290.6 339.6 336.1 339.8 309.8 272.3 214.7 178.3 3,115
Source: Iran Meteorological Organization (records),[20] (temperatures),[21] (precipitation),[22] (humidity),[23] (days with precipitation),[24]

(sunshine)[25]

See also

Media related to Ramhormoz at Wikimedia Commons

flag Iran portal

Notes

  1. ^ Also romanized as Rām Hormuz and Rāmhormoz; Luri: رومز, romanized as Rümez; also known as Rāmuz[3]

References

  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (21 December 2024). "Ramhormoz, Ramhormoz County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 21 December 2024.
  2. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Khuzestan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ^ Ramhormoz can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3080776" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. ^ Habibi, Hassan (26 July 2014) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Khuzestan province, centered in the city of Ahvaz. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political and Defense Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 907-93808; Notification 82830/T126K. Archived from the original on 17 July 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2024 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
  5. ^ The History of Al-Tabari: The Sasanids, the Lakhmids, and Yemen. SUNY Press. 1999. p. 43. ISBN 9780791443569.
  6. ^ Milad Milani (2014). Sufism in the Secret History of Persia. Routledge. p. 180. ISBN 9781317544593. In one particular hadith, Salman mentions he is from Ramhormoz, though this is a reference to his ancestry as his father was transferred from Ramhormoz to Esfahan, residing in Jey (just outside the military camp), which was designed to accommodate the domestic requirements of military personnel.
  7. ^ Mukhtaṣar Sīrat Al-Rasūl. Translated by Sameh Strauch. Darussalam. 2006. p. 94. ISBN 9789960980324.
  8. ^ Sahih Bukhari, Book 5, Volume 58, Hadith 283 (Merits of the Helpers in Madinah [Ansaar]). Narrated Salman: I am from Ram-Hurmuz (i.e. a Persian town).
  9. ^ Chase F. Robinson, "The Conquest of Khūzistān", BSOAS 67/1, 2004, pp. 14-39.
  10. ^ Wilhelm Barthold, An Historical Geography of Iran, Princeton, N.J, 1984.
  11. ^ اصطخری, ابواسحاق ابراهیم، به اهتمام ایرج افشار (1368). مسالک و ممالک. تهران: علمی و فرهنگی.
  12. ^ Van Bladel, Kevin T. (July 2021). "The Language of the Xūz and the Fate of Elamite". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society. 31 (3): 447–462. doi:10.1017/S1356186321000092. ISSN 1356-1863.
  13. ^ The Travels of Ibn Battuta A. D. 1325-1354. Volume II. pp. 283. The Hakluyt Society/Cambridge University Press; First Thus Edition (1 January 1962)
  14. ^ "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
  15. ^ "Khuzestan viii. Dialects". Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from the original on 8 July 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  16. ^ Geomatics and Cartographic Research Centre, Carleton University. "Atlas of the Languages of Iran". iranatlas.net. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  17. ^ "گویش رامهرمزی، نورالله گرشاسبی، جلد۱" (PDF). pic.ketab.ir. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  18. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Khuzestan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  19. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Khuzestan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 18 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
  20. ^
  21. ^
  22. ^ "Monthly Total Precipitation in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  23. ^ "Average relative humidity in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  24. ^ "No. Of days with precipitation equal to or greater than 1 mm in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  25. ^ "Monthly total sunshine hours in Ramhormoz by Month 1987–2010". Iran Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 8 April 2015.

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