Fars province

For other uses of a similar name, see Fars.

Fars
استان فارس
Province
Persepolis
Naqsh-e Rostam
Clockwise from top right: the Tomb of Cyrus the Great in Pasargadae; Arg of Karim Khan in Shiraz; a canola field in Alamarvdasht; Bishapur valley; Naqsh-e Rostam; and Persepolis
Location of Fars province within Iran
Location of Fars province within Iran
Coordinates: 29°25′N 53°14′E / 29.417°N 53.233°E / 29.417; 53.233[1]
Country Iran
RegionRegion 2
CapitalShiraz
Counties37
Government
 • Governor-generalHossein-Ali Amiri
Area
 • Total
122,608 km2 (47,339 sq mi)
Population
 (2016)[3]
 • Total
4,851,274
 • Estimate 
(2020)
5,051,000[2]
 • Density40/km2 (100/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+03:30 (IRST)
Area code071
ISO 3166 codeIR-07
Main language(s)
Fars province historical population
YearPop.±%
20064,220,721—    
20114,596,658+8.9%
20164,851,274+5.5%

Fars province (Persian: استان فارس; /fɑːrs/)[a] is one of the 31 provinces of Iran. Its capital is the city of Shiraz.[11]

The province has an area of 122,400 km2 and is located in Iran's southwest, in Region 2. [12] Fars neighbours the provinces of Bushehr to the west; Hormozgan to the south; Kerman and Yazd to the east; Isfahan to the north; and Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad to the northwest.

Etymology

The Persian word Fârs (فارس), derived from the earlier form Pârs (پارس), which is in turn derived from Pârsâ (𐎱𐎠𐎼𐎿), the Old Persian name for the Persis region. The names Parsa and Persia originate from this region.[13]

Fars is the historical homeland of the Persian people.[14][15] It was the homeland of the Achaemenid and Sasanian Persian dynasties of Iran, who reigned on the throne by the time of the ancient Persian Empires. The ruins of the Achaemenid capitals Pasargadae and Persepolis, among others, demonstrate the ancient history of the region. Due to the historical importance of this region, the entire country has historically been also referred to as Persia in the West.[15][16] Prior to caliphate rule, this region was known as Pars.[17]

History

Persis

Main articles: Persis and Pars (Sasanian province)
The ruins of Persepolis
A Sassanid relief showing the investiture of Ardashir I
Sarvestan Palace in Sarvestan

The ancient Persians were present in the region from about the 10th century BC, and became the rulers of the largest empire the world had yet seen under the Achaemenid dynasty which was established in the mid 6th century BC, at its peak stretching from Thrace-Macedonia, Bulgaria-Paeonia and Eastern Europe proper in the west, to the Indus Valley in its far east.[18] The ruins of Persepolis and Pasargadae, two of the four capitals of the Achaemenid Empire, are located in Fars.

The Achaemenid Empire was defeated by Alexander the Great in 333 BC, incorporating most of their vast empire. Shortly after this the Seleucid Empire was established. However, it never extended its power in Fars beyond the main trade routes, and by the reign of Antiochus I or possibly later Persis emerged as an independent state that minted its own coins.[19]

The Seleucid Empire was subsequently defeated by the Parthians in 238 BC, but by 205 BC, the Seleucid king Antiochus III had extended his authority into Persis and it ceased to be an independent state.[20]

Babak was the ruler of a small town called Kheir. Babak's efforts in gaining local power at the time escaped the attention of Artabanus IV, the Parthian Arsacid Emperor of the time. Babak and his eldest son Shapur I managed to expand their power over all of Persis.

The subsequent events are unclear. Following the death of Babak around 220, Ardashir who at the time was the governor of Darabgird, got involved in a power struggle of his own with his elder brother Shapur. The sources tell us that in 222, Shapur was killed when the roof of a building collapsed on him.[citation needed]

At this point, Ardashir moved his capital further to the south of Persis and founded a capital at Ardashir-Khwarrah (formerly Gur, modern day Firouzabad).[21] After establishing his rule over Persis, Ardashir I rapidly extended the territory of his Sassanid Persian Empire, demanding fealty from the local princes of Fars, and gaining control over the neighboring provinces of Kerman, Isfahan, Susiana, and Mesene.

Artabanus marched a second time against Ardashir I in 224. Their armies clashed at Hormizdegan, where Artabanus IV was killed. Ardashir was crowned in 226 at Ctesiphon as the sole ruler of Persia, bringing the 400-year-old Parthian Empire to an end, and starting the virtually equally long rule of the Sassanian Empire, over an even larger territory, once again making Persia a leading power in the known world, only this time along with its arch-rival and successor to Persia's earlier opponents (the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire); the Byzantine Empire.

The Sassanids ruled for 425 years, until the Muslim armies conquered the empire. Afterwards, the Persians started to convert to Islam, this making it much easier for the new Muslim empire to continue the expansion of Islam.

Persis then passed hand to hand through numerous dynasties, leaving behind numerous historical and ancient monuments; each of which has its own values as a world heritage, reflecting the history of the province, Iran, and West Asia. The ruins of Bishapur, Persepolis, and Firouzabad are all reminders of this. The Arab invaders brought about an end to centuries Zoroastrian political and cultural dominance over the region; supplanted as the faith of the ruling class in the 7th century by Islam, which and over the next 200 years gradually expanded to include a majority of the population.

Demographics

Language and ethnicity

The main ethnic group in the province consists of Persians (including Larestani people and the Basseri), while Qashqai, Lurs, Arabs, Kurds, Georgians, and Circassians constitute minorities.

Due to the geographical characteristics of Fars and its proximity to the Persian Gulf, Fars has long been a residing area for various peoples and rulers of Iran. However, the tribes of Fars including, Mamasani Lurs, Khamseh and Kohkiluyeh have kept their native and unique cultures and lifestyles which constitute part of the cultural heritage of Iran attracting many tourists. Kurdish tribes include Uriad, Zangana, Chegini, Kordshuli and Kuruni.[22]

Among the hundreds of thousands of Georgians and Circassians that were transplanted to Persia under Shah Abbas I, his predecessors, and successors, a certain amount of them were to guard the main caravan routes; many were settled around Āspās and other villages along the old Isfahan-Shiraz road. By now the vast majority Caucasians that were settled in Fars have lost their cultural, linguistic, and religious identity, having mostly been assimilated into the population.[22]

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 4,220,721 people in 1,014,690 households.[23] The following census in 2011 counted 4,596,658 people in 1,250,135 households, of whom 67.6% were registered as urban dwellers (urban/suburbs), 32.1% villagers (small town/rural), and 0.3% nomad tribes.[24] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 4,851,274 people in 1,443,027 households.[3]

Administrative divisions

The population history and structural changes of Fars province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.

Fars province
Counties 2006[23] 2011[24] 2016[3]
Abadeh 87,203 98,188 100,831
Arsanjan 40,916 41,476 42,725
Bakhtegan[b] — — —
Bavanat 44,069 48,416 50,418
Beyza[c] — — —
Darab 172,938 189,345 201,489
Eqlid 99,003 93,975 93,763
Estahban 66,391 66,172 68,850
Evaz[d] — — —
Farashband 38,679 42,760 45,459
Fasa 188,189 203,129 205,187
Firuzabad 111,973 119,721 121,417
Gerash[e] — 47,055 53,907
Jahrom 197,331 209,312 228,532
Juyom[f] — — —
Kavar[g] — 77,836 83,883
Kazerun 258,097 254,704 266,217
Khafr[h] — — —
Kharameh[i] — 61,580 54,864
Khonj 37,978 41,133 41,359
Khorrambid 44,669 50,252 50,522
Kuhchenar[j] — — —
Lamerd 76,971 83,916 91,782
Larestan 223,235 226,879 213,920
Mamasani 162,694 116,386 117,527
Marvdasht 294,621 307,492 323,434
Mohr 54,094 59,727 64,827
Neyriz 105,241 113,750 113,291
Pasargad 29,825 31,504 30,118
Qir and Karzin 61,432 65,045 71,203
Rostam[k] — 46,851 44,386
Sarchehan[l] — — —
Sarvestan[m] — 40,531 38,114
Sepidan 87,801 89,398 91,049
Shiraz 1,676,927 1,700,687 1,869,001
Zarqan[n] — — —
Zarrin Dasht 60,444 69,438 73,199
Total 4,220,721 4,596,658 4,851,274

Cities

Shiraz
Marvdasht
Jahrom
Fasa

According to the 2016 census, 3,401,675 people (over 70% of the population of Fars province) live in the following cities:[3]

City Population
Abadeh 59,116
Abadeh Tashk 7,379
Ahel 3,179
Alamarvdasht 4,068
Ardakan 14,633
Arsanjan 17,706
Asir 3,042
Bab Anar 7,061
Baba Monir 1,379
Bahman 7,568
Baladeh 5,972
Banaruiyeh 9,077
Beyram 7,300
Beyza 7,252
Darab 70,232
Darian 10,037
Dehram 3,468
Dezhkord 3,924
Do Borji 2,907
Dobiran 13,809
Duzeh 1,348
Efzar 2,657
Emad Deh 4,235
Emam Shahr 5,803
Eqlid 44,341
Eshkanan 9,115
Estahban 36,410
Evaz 19,987
Fadami 4,097
Farashband 20,320
Fasa 110,825
Firuzabad 65,417
Galleh Dar 13,448
Gerash 34,469
Hajjiabad 21,675
Hamashahr 3,852
Hasanabad 2,045
Hesami 3,131
Ij 6,246
Izadkhast 5,910
Jahrom 141,634
Jannat Shahr 13,598
Juyom 8,010
Kamfiruz 3,713
Karzin 8,841
Kavar 31,711
Kazerun 96,683
Khaneh Zenyan 4,027
Khaniman 3,020
Khavaran 4,332
Kherameh 18,477
Khesht 9,599
Khonj 19,217
Khumeh Zar 6,220
Khur 7,338
Khuzi 3,245
Konartakhteh 6,081
Korehi 3,954
Kuhenjan 3,281
Kupon 3,237
Lamerd 29,380
Lapui 8,985
Lar 62,045
Latifi 7,300
Madar-e Soleyman 1,546
Marvdasht 148,858
Masiri 9,031
Mazayjan 3,567
Meshkan 4,617
Meymand 10,120
Miyan Deh 5,912
Mobarakabad 4,707
Mohr 7,784
Neyriz 49,850
Now Bandegan 2,410
Nowdan 2,892
Nujin 3,769
Nurabad 57,058
Qaderabad 14,973
Qaemiyeh 26,918
Qarah Bolagh 6,772
Qatruyeh 2,895
Qir 20,010
Qotbabad 7,476
Ramjerd 2,550
Runiz 5,760
Saadat Shahr 17,131
Safashahr 26,933
Sarvestan 18,187
Sedeh 6,747
Seyyedan 8,574
Shahr-e Pir 8,927
Shahr-e Sadra 91,863
Sheshdeh 5,960
Shiraz 1,565,572
Soghad 12,582
Soltanabad 1,928
Surian 9,776
Surmaq 3,050
Varavi 4,622
Zahedshahr 9,719
Zarqan 32,261

Most populous cities

See also: List of cities in Fars province by population

The following sorted table lists the most populous cities in Fars according to the 2016 census results announced by the Statistical Center of Iran.[3]

Most populous urban areas in Fars province
Rank City County Population
1 Shiraz Shiraz 1,565,572
2 Marvdasht Marvdasht 148,858
3 Jahrom Jahrom 141,634
4 Fasa Fasa 110,825
5 Kazerun Kazerun 96,683
6 Sadra Shiraz 91,863
7 Darab Darab 70,232
8 Firuzabad Firuzabad 65,417
9 Lar Larestan 62,045
10 Abadeh Abadeh 59,116

Climate and wildlife

There are three distinct climatic regions in the Fars province. First, the mountainous area of the north and northwest with moderate cold winters and mild summers. Secondly, the central regions, with relatively rainy mild winters, and hot dry summers. The third region located in the south and southeast has cold winters with hot summers. The average temperature of Shiraz is 16.8 °C, ranging between 4.7 °C and 29.2 °C.[38]

The geographical and climatic variation of the province causes varieties of plants; consequently, variation of wildlife has been formed in the province. Additional to the native animals of the province, many kinds of birds migrate to the province every year.[39] Many kinds of ducks, storks and swallows migrate to this province in an annual parade. The main native animals of the province are gazelle, deer, mountain wild goat, ram, ewe and many kinds of birds. In the past, like in Khuzestan Plain, the Persian lion had occurred here.[40][41]

The province of Fars includes many protected wildlife zones. The most important protected zones are:

  • Toot Siah (Black Berry) Hunt Forbidden Zone, which is located at the end of Boanat region.
  • Basiran Hunt Forbidden Zone, which is located 4 kilometers south to Abadeh;
  • Bamu National Park, which is located north-east of Shiraz;
  • Estahban Forest Park (Parke Jangaly), which is located on the outskirts of Touraj mountain;
  • Hermoodlar Protected Zone, which is located east to Larestan.[39]
Crown imperial plain, Sepidan

Arjan Meadow 22 km2 (8.5 sq mi) and Lake Parishan 40 km2 (15 sq mi) are designated Wetlands of International Importance under the Ramsar convention.

Eram Garden

Economy

Agriculture is of great importance in Fars.[42] The major products include cereal (wheat and barley), citrus fruits, dates, sugar beets and cotton. Fars has major petrochemical facilities, along with an oil refinery, a factory for producing tires, a large electronics industry, and a sugar mill. Tourism is also a large industry in the province. UNESCO has designated an area in the province, called Arzhan (known as Dasht e Arjan) as a biosphere reserve. Shiraz, provincial capital of Fars, is the namesake of Shirazi wine. A large number of wine factories existed in the city.

Transportation

Shiraz Airport is the main international airport of the province and the second in the country. The cities of Jahrom, Lar and Lamerd also have airports linking them with Shiraz and Tehran and nearby Persian Gulf countries such as the UAE and Bahrain. Shiraz is along the main route from Tehran to southern Iran.[citation needed]

Higher education

The Fars province is home to many higher education institutes and universities. The main universities of the province include Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Arts, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences,[43] Shiraz University of Technology, Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Jahrom University, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University of Shiraz, and Islamic Azad University of Jahrom.

Notable people

Tomb of Hafez
Tomb of Saadi

See also

Media related to Fars Province at Wikimedia Commons

Fars travel guide from Wikivoyage

flag Iran portal

Notes

  1. ^ Also romanized as Ostân-e Fârs (pronounced [ˈfɒː(ɾ)s]), also known as Pars Province (استان پارس), also romanized as Ostân-e Pârs; also known as Persis (the origin of the name "Persia"), and Farsistan (فارسستان)[6][7][8][9][10]
  2. ^ Separated from Neyriz County after the 2016 census[25]
  3. ^ Separated from Sepidan County after the 2016 census[26]
  4. ^ Separated from Larestan County after the 2016 census[27]
  5. ^ Separated from Larestan County after the 2006 census[28]
  6. ^ Separated from Larestan County after the 2016 census[29]
  7. ^ Separated from Shiraz County after the 2006 census[30]
  8. ^ Separated from Jahrom County after the 2016 census[31]
  9. ^ Separated from Shiraz County after the 2011 census[32]
  10. ^ Separated from Kazerun County after the 2016 census[33]
  11. ^ Separated from Mamasani County after the 2006 census[34]
  12. ^ Separated from Bavanat County after the 2016 census[35]
  13. ^ Separated from Shiraz County after the 2006 census[36]
  14. ^ Separated from Shiraz County after the 2016 census[37]

References

  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (29 September 2024). "Fars Province" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 29 September 2024.
  2. ^ Amar. "توجه: تفاوت در سرجمع به دليل گرد شدن ارقام به رقم هزار مي باشد. (in Persian)". Retrieved 29 September 2020.
  3. ^ a b c d e Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Fars Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 6 April 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  4. ^ "پرتال سازمان ميراث فرهنگي، صنایع دستی و گردشگري > استانها > فارس > آداب و رسوم". 11 January 2012. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012.
  5. ^ "Luz | ISO 639-3".
  6. ^ "Fārs | Geography, History & Culture of Iran | Britannica".
  7. ^ The History of the World: Comprising a General History, Both Ancient and Modern, of All the Principal Nations of the Globe, Their Rise, Progress, and Present Condition: Embracing a Brief Account of the Late Russian and Italian Wars, and a Complete History of the United States to the Present Time, Including the War of the Revolution [etc.]. Henry Bill. 28 May 1860.
  8. ^ Lectures on ancient history, from the earliest times to the taking of Alexandria by Octavianus, tr. From the Germ. Ed. Of M. Niebuhr, by L. Schmitz, with additions and corrections from his own MS. Notes. Taylor, Walton and Maberly. 28 May 2024.
  9. ^ Bruun, Malthe Conrad (28 May 2024). Universal geography, or a description of all the parts of the world.
  10. ^ Sykes, Percy (1921). A History of Persia. London: Macmillan and Company. p. 5.
  11. ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2023) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Fars province, centered in Shiraz. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Notification 82840/T128K. Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023 – via Lam ta Kam.
  12. ^ "استان‌های کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند" [The Provinces of the Country Were Divided Into 5 Regions]. Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
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  14. ^ Austin, Peter (1 January 2008). One Thousand Languages: Living, Endangered, and Lost. University of California Press. ISBN 9780520255609 – via Google Books.
  15. ^ a b Xavier de Planhol (24 January 2012). "FĀRS i. Geography". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. IX. pp. ?–336. The name of Fārs is undoubtedly attested in Assyrian sources since the third millennium B.C.E. under the form Parahše. Originally, it was the "land of horses" of the Sumerians (Herzfeld, pp. 181-82, 184-86). The name was adopted by Iranian tribes which established themselves there in the 9th century B.C.E. in the west and southwest of Urmia lake. The Parsua (Pārsa) are mentioned there for the first time in 843 B.C.E., during the reign of Salmanassar III, and then, after they migrated to the southeast (Boehmer, pp. 193-97), the name was transferred, between 690 and 640, to a region previously called Anšan (q.v.) in Elamite sources (Herzfeld, pp. 169-71, 178-79, 186). From that moment the name acquired the connotation of an ethnic region, the land of the Persians, and the Persians soon thereafter founded the vast Achaemenid empire. A never-ending confusion thus set in between a narrow, limited, geographical usage of the term—Persia in the sense of the land where the aforesaid Persian tribes had shaped the core of their power—and a broader, more general usage of the term to designate the much larger area affected by the political and cultural radiance of the Achaemenids. The confusion between the two senses of the word was continuous, fueled by the Greeks who used the name Persai to designate the entire empire. It lasted through the centuries of Arab domination, as Fārs, the term used by Muslims, was merely the Arabicized version of the initial name.
  16. ^ M. A. Dandamaev (1989). A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire. BRILL. pp. 4–6. ISBN 9004091726.
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  19. ^ The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 3 (1), p. 299
  20. ^ The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol. 3 (1), p. 302
  21. ^ Farrokh, Kaveh (2007). Shadows in the Desert: Ancient Persia at War. Osprey Publishing. pp. 176–9. ISBN 9781846031083.
  22. ^ a b P. Oberling, "FĀRS vii. Ethnography", Encyclopaedia Iranica>"FĀRS vii. Ethnography". 31 May 2014.
  23. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Fars Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  24. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Fars Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 16 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
  25. ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2023) [Approved 7 October 1398]. Letter of approval regarding the changes in the national divisions of Fars province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Subject Letter 161477. Archived from the original on 14 September 2023. Retrieved 14 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  26. ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2023) [Approved 7 October 2018]. Letter of approval regarding the national divisions of Sepidan County of Fars province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 154640. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  27. ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2023) [Approved 7 October 2018]. Letter of approval regarding the national divisions of Larestan County, Fars province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 208755. Archived from the original on 17 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  28. ^ Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (c. 2021) [Approved 11 November 2018]. Creation of Gerash County in the center of Gerash city in Fars province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 156861/42/4/1. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 29 September 2024 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  29. ^ Mokhbar, Mohammad (c. 2023) [Approved 25 December 1400]. Letter of approval regarding the national divisions of Larestan County, Fars province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Subject Letter 69863. Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  30. ^ Rahimi, Mohammadreza (22 November 2010). "Four changes in the map of country divisions: Kavar County is formed in Fars province". dolat.ir (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Archived from the original on 15 March 2017. Retrieved 20 November 2023 – via Secretariat of the Government Information Council.
  31. ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2023) [Approved 7 October 1398]. Letter of approval regarding the national divisions of Jahrom County, Fars province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 158364. Archived from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  32. ^ Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (c. 2023) [Approved 21 September 1389]. Letter of approval regarding the national divisions in Fars province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Cabinet of Ministers. Proposal 1/4/42/65970. Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 23 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  33. ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2023) [Approved 7 October 1398]. Letter of approval regarding the national divisions of Kazerun County of Fars province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 194401. Archived from the original on 21 September 2023. Retrieved 21 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  34. ^ Davodi, Parviz (c. 2021) [Approved 7 January 1387]. Letter of approval regarding the reforms of the national divisions in Fars province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 1/4/42/381. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  35. ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2023) [Approved 10 July 2018]. Letter of approval regarding the national divisions of Bavanat County, Fars province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 208742. Archived from the original on 15 September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  36. ^ Davodi, Parviz (c. 2021) [Approved 18 September 1386]. Reforms of the national divisions in Fars province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Council of Ministers. Proposal 123436/42/1/4. Archived from the original on 9 October 2021. Retrieved 20 November 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
  37. ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2022) [Approved 7 October 1398]. Approval letter regarding the national divisions of Zarqan District, Shiraz County, Fars province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 158356; Notification 88993/T56015H. Archived from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2023 – via Martyrdom of Imam Ali (AS) Research Center of the Islamic Council.
  38. ^ کشور, پورتال سازمان هواشناسی. "اقلیم استان فارس". www.irimo.ir. Archived from the original on 15 January 2020. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  39. ^ a b "Iran fars-shiraz". www.irantour.org. Archived from the original on 19 December 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2007.
  40. ^ Humphreys, P., Kahrom, E. (1999). Lion and Gazelle: The Mammals and Birds of Iran. Images Publishing, Avon.
  41. ^ Firouz, E. (2005). The complete fauna of Iran. I. B. Tauris. pp. 5–67. ISBN 978-1-85043-946-2.
  42. ^ "Farmers' participation in agricultural development: The case of Fars province, Iran". www.indjst.org.
  43. ^ Issues in Discovery, Experimental, and Laboratory Medicine: 2013 Edition. Scholarly Editions. 2013. pp. 139–40. ISBN 9781490109169.

Bibliography

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Keuskupan Łowicz

Keuskupan ŁowiczDioecesis LovicensisDiecezja łowickaKatedral Kenaikan di ŁowiczLokasiNegaraPolandiaProvinsi gerejawiŁódżMetropolitKeuskupan Agung ŁódżStatistikLuas5.806 km2 (2.242 sq mi)Populasi- Total- Katolik(per 2013)609.479607,825 (99.7%)InformasiRitusRitus LatinKatedralKatedra pw. Wniebowzięcia Najświętszej Marii Panny(Katedral Kenaikan Bunda Maria)Kepemimpinan kiniPausFransiskusUskupAndrzej Franciszek DziubaUskup agungGrzegorz RyśAuksilier...

 

 

Billy Mitchell (volcano)

Billy Mitchell volcanoThe dark-colored caldera lake of Billy Mitchell is at right, above an ash plume originating from Bagana.Highest pointElevation1,544 m (5,066 ft)Isolation5 km (3.1 mi) Coordinates6°06′S 155°13′E / 6.100°S 155.217°E / -6.100; 155.217GeographyBilly Mitchell volcanoBougainville, Papua New Guinea Parent rangeEmperor RangeGeologyMountain typePyroclastic shieldVolcanic arc/beltBougainville & Solomon Is.Last erupt...

 

 

Audition Online

artikel ini perlu dirapikan agar memenuhi standar Wikipedia. Tidak ada alasan yang diberikan. Silakan kembangkan artikel ini semampu Anda. Merapikan artikel dapat dilakukan dengan wikifikasi atau membagi artikel ke paragraf-paragraf. Jika sudah dirapikan, silakan hapus templat ini. (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya untuk menghapus pesan templat ini) Artikel atau sebagian dari artikel ini mungkin diterjemahkan dari Audition Online di en.wikipedia.org. Isinya masih belum akurat, karena bagian ya...

Rocky Dipietro

Canadian football player This biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially libelous.Find sources: Rocky Dipietro – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template mess...

 

 

Ngassam Falemi

Questa voce sull'argomento calciatori camerunesi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Ngassam Falemi Nazionalità  Romania  Camerun Altezza 183 cm Peso 83 kg Calcio Ruolo Centrocampista Termine carriera 2009 Carriera Squadre di club1 1992 Voinţa Bucurest? (?)1993–1994 Viscofil Bucurest? (?)1995–1997 Chimia Bucurest? (?)1997-2000 Petrolul Ploiești55 (2)2000-2005 Stea...

 

 

Indagini ad alta quota

Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento programmi televisivi non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Segui i suggerimenti del progetto di riferimento. Indagini ad alta quotaLogo italiano della serieTitolo originaleMayday PaeseCanada Anno2003 – in produzione Generedocumentario Edizioni23 Puntate219 (In Italia) Durata40 - 55 min Lingua originaleingl...

2006 Texas House of Representatives election

2006 Texas House of Representatives election ← 2004 November 7, 2006 2008 → All 150 seats in the Texas House of Representatives76 seats needed for a majority   Majority party Minority party Third party   Leader Tom Craddick Jim Dunnam Party Republican Democratic Libertarian Leader since January 9, 1973 January 14, 2003 Leader's seat 82nd 57th Last election 87 63 0 Seats before 86 64 0 Seats won 81 69 0 Seat change 5 5 Popular ...

 

 

Leonard Calvert

First governor of Maryland colony (1606-1647) The HonourableLeonard CalvertPortrait by Jacob van Oost or his son, Jacob van Oost the Younger, c. 1640.1st Proprietary-Governor of MarylandIn office1634–1647Preceded byInaugural holderSucceeded byThomas Greene Personal detailsBorn1606 (1606)EnglandDiedJune 9, 1647(1647-06-09) (aged 40–41)Maryland ColonyChildrenWilliam[1] AnneParent(s)George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore (father) and Anne Mynne (mother)Occupationplaceman...

 

 

COVID-19 pandemic in Illinois

This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2023)Ongoing COVID-19 viral pandemic in Illinois, United States COVID-19 pandemic in IllinoisDiseaseCOVID-19Virus strainSARS-CoV-2LocationIllinois, United StatesFirst outbreakWuhan, Hubei, ChinaIndex caseChicagoArrival dateJanuary 24, 2020(4 years, 3 months, 2 weeks and 2 days)Confirmed cases4,139,537 [1]Recovered98% (recovery rate)Dea...

Peter Levy (presenter)

British television and radio presenter Peter LevyPeter Levy in 2007Born (1955-09-05) 5 September 1955 (age 68)Farnborough, Kent, EnglandOccupations Television radio presenter WebsiteBBC Presenter Profile Peter Levy (born 5 September 1955) is a BBC television and occasional radio presenter on BBC Radio Humberside.[1] He previously worked in commercial radio. Since November 2002, he has been a weekday presenter of the BBC regional news programme Look North.[2] The programme...

 

 

حرام عليك (فيلم)

حرام عليكحرام عليك (بالعربية) معلومات عامةالصنف الفني كوميدي، رعب، خيالتاريخ الصدور 29 أكتوبر 1953مدة العرض 90 دقيقةاللغة الأصلية العربيةالبلد  مصرالطاقمالمخرج عيسى كرامةالكاتب جمال حمديالبطولة إسماعيل ياسينعبد الفتاح القصريلولا صدقيإستفان روستيالتصوير ريتشارد سلامةا...

 

 

Diana!

1971 soundtrack album by Diana RossDiana! (Original TV Soundtrack)Soundtrack album by Diana RossReleasedMarch 29, 1971Recorded1970GenreSoulLength39:50LabelMotownProducernone givenDiana Ross chronology Everything Is Everything(1970) Diana! (Original TV Soundtrack)(1971) Surrender(1971) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic [1] Diana! is the first solo television special of American singer Diana Ross and aired on ABC on April 18, 1971. The special was choreograph...

The Brew (band)

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: The Brew band – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this message) The BrewBackground informationOriginEnglandGenresBlues rock, hard rockYears active2005–presentLabelsNapalm Records, Jazzhaus Records, Br...

 

 

ETS-VII

ETS-7 The ETS-VII, or Engineering Test Satellite No. 7, was a satellite developed and launched by the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA). It is also known as KIKU-7.[1] It was launched aboard an H-II rocket from Tanegashima Space Center, on 28 November 1997.[1] The ETS-VII was equipped with a 2-meter-long (6.6 ft) robotic arm, which was used to carry out several experiments related to rendezvous docking and space robotics.[1] It was the world's fir...

 

 

Ling How Doong

Singaporean politician and lawyer (died 2021) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ling How Doong – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (May 2021) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Ling How Doong林孝谆7th Leader of the OppositionIn office17 May 1993 – 16 December 19...

Italo-somali

Questa voce o sezione sugli argomenti gruppi etnici e Italia non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti. Puoi migliorare questa voce aggiungendo citazioni da fonti attendibili secondo le linee guida sull'uso delle fonti. Italo-somaliLuogo d'origine Italia Linguaitaliano, somalo Religionecattolicesimo Distribuzione  Somalia4 (iscritti all'AIRE)[1] Manuale Gli italo-somali sono gli italiani nati o residenti in Somalia per molti anni, e i loro ...

 

 

17 Carat

17 CaratAlbum mini karya SeventeenDirilis29 Mei 2015 (2015-05-29)GenreK-popdance-pophip hopDurasi16:48BahasaKoreaLabelPledis EntertainmentLOEN EntertainmentKronologi Seventeen 17 Carat(2015) Boys Be(2015)Boys Be2015 Singel dalam album 17 Carat Adore UDirilis: 29 Mei 2015 17 Carat adalah album mini debut dari grup vokal pria asal Korea Selatan Seventeen. Album ini dirilis pada tanggal 29 Mei 2015 oleh Pledis Entertainment dan didistribusikan oleh LOEN Entertainment. Adore U menjadi si...

 

 

聖馬利諾—美國關係

圣马力诺– 美国關係 圣马力诺 美国 圣马力诺驻美国第一任大使保罗·隆代利与美国前总统乔治·W·布什。 圣马力诺-美国关系是圣马力诺和美国之间的双边关系。 历史 美国和圣马力诺有着友好的外交关系。在美国内战期间，圣马力诺提议与美国结成共和联盟。[1]1906年，两国签署了引渡条约。[2]第一次世界大战期间，美国以圣马力诺的名义进行干预，试图释放被...

ダッフルコート

艦上でダッフルコートを着用するイギリス海軍兵士, 1941年撮影 ダッフルコート　写真はフランツ・フェルディナンドのAlex Kapranos 角のトグルと革紐のループが用いられた製品例 ダッフルコート（英語：duffle coat, duffel coat）は、外套（オーバーコート）の一種である。起源は16世紀頃にトルコからハンガリー経由でポーランド・リトアニア共和国に入ったツァマラ（en:Czama...

 

 

جواو أفونسو

  لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع جواو أفونسو (توضيح). جواو أفونسو معلومات شخصية الميلاد 28 مايو 1990 (العمر 34 سنة)كاستيلو برانكو  الطول 1.88 م (6 قدم 2 بوصة) مركز اللعب مدافع الجنسية البرتغال  معلومات النادي النادي الحالي S.C.U. Torreense [الإنجليزية]‏ الرقم 5 مسيرة الشباب سنوات �...