Encyclopædia Iranica

"Iranica" redirects here. For other uses, see Iranica (disambiguation).
Encyclopædia Iranica
Encyclopædia Iranica Volume XVI
Author1300 named contributors
LanguageEnglish
SubjectIranistics and Greater Iran studies
GenreReference encyclopedia
PublisherEncyclopædia Iranica Foundation, Brill Academic Publishers[1]
Publication date
1985–present
Publication placeUnited States
Media type45 hardback volumes planned;
16 volumes or 15 volumes and 6 fascicles as of October 2020.[1]
Websiteiranicaonline.org

Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English-language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.

Scope

The Encyclopædia Iranica is dedicated to the study of Iranian civilization in the wider Middle East, the Caucasus, Southeastern Europe, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. The academic reference work will eventually cover all aspects of Iranian history and culture as well as all Iranian languages and literatures, facilitating the whole range of Iranian studies research from archeology to political sciences. It is a project founded by Ehsan Yarshater in 1973 and currently carried out at Columbia University's Center for Iranian Studies.[2][3] It is considered the standard encyclopedia of the academic discipline of Iranistics.[4]

The scope of the encyclopedia goes beyond modern Iran (also known as "Persia") and encompasses the entire Iranian cultural sphere, and far beyond. Relations of the Iranian world with other cultures (China, European countries, etc.) are also covered.[5][6] The project is planning on publishing a total of up to 45 volumes.

Organization

Staff

Ehsan Yarshater was the founding editor of Encyclopædia Iranica from 1973 through 2017. The current editor-in-chief is Elton Daniel. The editorial board includes Mohsen Ashtiany, Mahnaz Moazami, and over 40 consulting editors from major international institutions doing research in Iranian studies.[7] Former long tenured editors include Ahmad Ashraf, Christopher Brunner, Habib Borjian, Kioumars Ghereghlou, Manuchehr Kasheff, Dagmar Riedel and Houra Yavari. A growing number (over 1,300 in 2016) of scholars worldwide have contributed articles to Encyclopædia Iranica.[8]

Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation

In 1990, Ehsan Yarshater established the Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation (EIF), which serves to promote the cause of the Encyclopædia Iranica and to ensure its continuation.[9] Over the years, Columbia University's Center for Iranian Studies (also founded by Yarshater) continued to coordinate and edit the Encyclopædia, while the EIF substantially sponsored the work.[10]

The foundation provides the full text of many entries (up to fascicle XVI/3) for free on the iranicaonline.org website.

Following Yarshater's retirement as director of the Center for Iranian Studies in 2016, a dispute began to emerge between Columbia University and the EIF as Columbia unilaterally decided to enter into a contract with Brill, an academic publisher, which subsequently published fascicles 4 and 5 of volume XVI in 2018 and 2019; the EIF protested the move.[11] In 2019, Columbia University sued the EIF, seeking, among other things, a finding that the EIF owns neither a copyright nor an exclusive trademark right in the encyclopedia.[12] EIF countersued alleging that Columbia, as well as Brill and Elton Daniel, breached EIF's copyright in the encyclopedia, infringed, diluted, and counterfeited its trademarks, converted EIF property, and committed various acts of unjust enrichment and unfair competition.[13] On July 31, 2020, the U.S. District Court in the Southern District of New York granted a temporary restraining order against Columbia, Brill and Daniel, enjoining them through October 8, 2020 from publishing additional fascicles.[14] EIF also sought a preliminary injunction against the defendants, but such relief was not entered by the court.[15] Columbia and Brill subsequently published fascicle XVI/6 on October 19, 2020.[16]

As part of the dispute, there are now conflicting accounts as to the current state of the Encyclopædia Iranica. While Columbia has published fascicle XVI/4 through XVI/6, covering topics between "Kešaʾi Dialect" and "Khorasan XIV", by EIF's count volume XVI only covers topics falling alphabetically between KA and KE.[17] EIF considers fascicles XVI/4 through XVI/6 "counterfeit fascicles".[17]

Reception

In a review of Volume III, Richard W. Bulliet calls Encyclopædia Iranica "not just a necessity for Iranists [but] of inestimable value for everyone concerned with the history and culture of the Middle East".[18] Ali Banuazizi, though, notes that its focus is on Iran "as perceived, analyzed, and described by its most distinguished, mainly Western, students".[19] In 1998, the journal Iranian Studies devoted a double issue (vol. 31, no. 3/4) to reviews of the encyclopædia, coming to 700 pages by 29 authors on as many subjects.[20] Professor A. Banuazizi, praised that the encyclopaedia "will be judged as the most significant contribution of our century to the advancement of Iranian studies as a scholarly enterprise".[21]

Many foundations, organizations, and individuals have supported Encyclopædia Iranica. The encyclopaedia has been sponsored since 1979 by the National Endowment for the Humanities, as well as the American Council of Learned Societies, Union Académique Internationale, Iran Heritage Foundation, and many other charitable foundations, philanthropic families and individuals.[22]

On March 25, 2007, the Associated Press released a news report about Encyclopædia Iranica, claiming that it is "U.S.-backed".[23] Encyclopædia Iranica published an official response, saying the report was "inaccurate and libelous", that while the National Endowment for the Humanities supports the encyclopedia, the Endowment is "an independent federal agency whose many projects are reviewed and decided upon by independent panels of scholars", not the U.S. Government, and that only a third of the encyclopedia's budget is supplied by the Endowment, not half, as the Associated Press had claimed.[24]

Volumes

As of July 2015, the online version of the Encyclopædia Iranica has almost 7,300 entries, of which about 1,100 entries are only available on the Internet.[25] The following is a list of printed volumes, current as of October 2020.[25]

Beginning and ending entries Publication year Volume number ISBN
ĀB – ANĀHID 1985 I
ANĀMAKA – ĀṮĀR AL-WOZARĀʾ 1987 II
ĀTAŠ – BEYHAQI 1989 III
BĀYJU – CARPETS 1990 IV
CARPETS – COFFEE 1992 V
COFFEEHOUSE – DĀRĀ 1993 VI
DĀRĀ(B) – EBN AL-AṮIR 1996 VII
EBN ʿAYYĀŠ – EʿTEŻĀD-AL-SALṬANA 1998 VIII
ETHÉ – FISH 1999 IX
FISHERIES – GINDAROS 2001 X
GIŌNI – HAREM I 2003 XI
HAREM I – ILLUMINATIONISM 2004 XII
ILLUMINATIONISM – ISFAHAN VIII 2006 XIII
ISFAHAN IX – JOBBĀʾI 2008 XIV
JOČI – KAŠḠARI, SAʿD-AL-DIN 2011 XV

In addition, the following fascicles of volume XVI have been published:

  • Fascicle 1 (KASHAN – KAŠŠI, ABU ʿAMR MOḤAMMAD), 2012
  • Fascicle 2 (KAŠŠI, ABU ʿAMR MOḤAMMAD – KÉGL, SÁNDOR), 2013
  • Fascicle 3 (KÉGL, SÁNDOR – KEŠAʾI Dialect), 2013
  • Fascicle 4 (Kešaʾi Dialect – Khavaran-Nama), 2018[i]
  • Fascicle 5 (Khavaran-Nama – Khomeini), 2019[i]
  • Fascicle 6 (Khomeini – Khorasan XIV), 2020[i]
  1. ^ a b c Not recognized by the Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation, see § Legal dispute.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b See § Legal dispute.
  2. ^ "Iranicaonline". Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  3. ^ Banuazizi, Ali (1990). "Review of Encyclopædia Iranica by Ehsan Yarshater". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 22 (3): 370–373. doi:10.1017/s0020743800034279. JSTOR 164148. S2CID 163938483.
  4. ^ "Praise from Scholars Worldwide". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  5. ^ Boss, Shira J. (November 2003). "Encyclopedia Iranica". Columbia College Today. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2016.
  6. ^ Trompf, Garry W. (2008). "Encyclopedia Iranica - 35: A New Agenda for Persian Studies?". Iran & the Caucasus. 12 (2): 385–395. doi:10.1163/157338408X406137. JSTOR 25597382.
  7. ^ "About Iranica". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
  8. ^ "Authors". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
  9. ^ "Welcome to Encyclopædia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  10. ^ "FAQs". iranicaonline.org. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  11. ^ "The Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation Asserts its Ownership of Encyclopædia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. 16 September 2019. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  12. ^ Complaint, The Trustees Of Columbia University in the City of New York v. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation, No. 19 Civ. 7465 (S.D.N.Y. Aug. 9, 2019).
  13. ^ Complaint, Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation, Inc. v. Trustees Of Columbia University in the City of New York, No. 19 Civ. 8562 (S.D.N.Y. Sep. 14, 2019).
  14. ^ The Trustees Of Columbia University in the City of New York v. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation, Nos. 19 Civ. 7465 (AT) (KNF), 19 Civ. 8562 (AT) (KNF) (S.D.N.Y. Jul. 31, 2020) (Order on Motion for TRO).
  15. ^ The Trustees Of Columbia University in the City of New York v. Encyclopaedia Iranica Foundation, Nos. 19 Civ. 7465 (AT) (KNF), 19 Civ. 8562 (AT) (KNF) (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 8, 2020) (Order on Motion for Preliminary Injunction).
  16. ^ "Encyclopædia Iranica". Ehsan Yarshater Center for Iranian Studies. Retrieved 21 October 2020.
  17. ^ a b "Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation Publishes Volume 16 of Encyclopædia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Encyclopædia Iranica Foundation. 31 July 2020. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
  18. ^ Bulliet, Richard W. (1992). "Review of Encyclopædia Iranica by Ehsan Yarshater". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 24 (4): 680. JSTOR 164443.
  19. ^ Banuazizi (1990), p. 372.
  20. ^ "Review of the Encyclopedia Iranica". Iranian Studies. 31 (3/4). 1998. ISSN 0021-0862. JSTOR i401469.
  21. ^ Banuazizi, Ali (August 1990). "Ehsan Yarshater, ed., Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I (Āb-Anāhīd) and Vol. II (Ānamaka-Ātār al- Wozarāʾ) (London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985 and 1987). Pp. 1011 and 912, respectively". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 22 (3): 370–373. doi:10.1017/S0020743800034279. ISSN 1471-6380. S2CID 163938483.
  22. ^ "Sponsors". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
  23. ^ "U.S.-funded encyclopedia revels in Iran's greatness". CTV. 2007-03-26. Archived from the original on 2009-01-16. Retrieved 2016-07-14.
  24. ^ Ashraf, Ahmad (2007-04-05). "Official response of the Encyclopaedia Iranica to the Associated Press article of March 25, 2007 entitled "U.S.-funded encyclopedia revels in Iran's greatness"" (PDF). Encyclopedia Iranica. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2012-12-02.
  25. ^ a b "Citing the Encyclopædia Iranica". Encyclopaedia Iranica. 2013-09-16. Retrieved 2020-08-02.

Read other articles:

Lobotidae

Lobotidae Lobotes pacificus Klasifikasi ilmiah Domain: Eukaryota Kerajaan: Animalia Filum: Chordata Kelas: Actinopterygii Ordo: Spariformes Famili: LobotidaeGill, 1861 Genus[1][2] Lobotes Cuvier, 1830 Datnioides Bleeker, 1853 Lobotidae adalah sebuah keluarga ikan bersirip kipas yang ditempatkan dalam ordo Spariformes dalam Fishes of the World edisi ke-5, tetapi klasifikasi ini dan taksa yang termasuk dalam keluarga ini tidak disetujui oleh semua pekerja. Taksonomi Lobotidae p...

 

List of cities in Uttarakhand by population

DehradunHaridwarRoorkeeHaldwaniRudrapurKashipurRishikeshclass=notpageimage| Locations of major cities in Uttarakhand This is a list of urban agglomerations and cities of Uttarakhand with a population above 100,000, per the 2011 census of India:[1] Rank Name District Type* Image Population 2011 Male Female Population below 5 yrs Literacy Rate 1 Dehradun Dehradun UA 714,223 377,174 337,049 72,859 90.01 2 Haridwar Haridwar UA 310,562 165,667 144,895 36,319 85.43 3 Roorkee Haridwar UA 27...

 

Амазонская рота

Рис. из статьи «Амазонская рота» («Военная энциклопедия Сытина») Амазо́нская рота — подразделение (рота) русской армии, которое было создано в Крыму в апреле 1787 года по приказу Григория Потёмкина для встречи императрицы Екатерины II, которая путешествовала по югу Р�...

Denial (Freud)

Part of a series of articles onPsychoanalysis Concepts Psychosexual development Psychosocial development (Erikson) Unconscious Preconscious Consciousness Psychic apparatus Id, ego and superego Ego defenses Projection Introjection Libido Drive Transference Countertransference Resistance Denial Dreamwork Cathexis Important figures Abraham Adler Balint Bion Breuer Chodorow Erikson Fairbairn Ferenczi Freud (Anna) Freud (Sigmund) Fromm Horney Jacobson Jones Jung Kohut Klein Kristeva Lacan Laing La...

 

Azor

Disambiguazione – Se stai cercando altri significati, vedi Azor (disambigua). Azorconsiglio localeאָזוֹר Azor – Veduta LocalizzazioneStato Israele DistrettoTel Aviv SottodistrettoNon presente AmministrazioneSindacoArie Pechter TerritorioCoordinate32°01′N 34°49′E / 32.016667°N 34.816667°E32.016667; 34.816667 (Azor)Coordinate: 32°01′N 34°49′E / 32.016667°N 34.816667°E32.016667; 34.816667 (Azor) Altitudine23 m s.l.m....

 

The Last Word (Greene short story)

1988 short story by Graham Greene First edition (publ. Reinhardt Books) The Last Word is a dystopian short story by the author Graham Greene, written in 1988 (see 1988 in literature). It first appeared in The Independent but can also be found in collections of his short fiction, notably the Penguin edition of The Last Word and Other Stories, for which it is the lead story. The story, written toward the end of Greene's life, reflects his frustration at the declining influence of religion, part...

Dysart, Queensland

Map all coordinates using OpenStreetMap Download coordinates as: KML GPX (all coordinates) GPX (primary coordinates) GPX (secondary coordinates) Town in Queensland, AustraliaDysartQueenslandSaraji coal mine, Dysart, 2012DysartCoordinates22°35′08″S 148°21′03″E / 22.5855°S 148.3508°E / -22.5855; 148.3508 (Dysart (town centre))Population2,738 (UCL 2021)[1]Postcode(s)4745Elevation223 m (732 ft)Area3,459.4 km2 (1,335.7 sq...

 

Dahuiyeh, Zarand

Village in Kerman province, Iran For other places with a similar name, see Dehuiyeh. Village in Kerman, IranDahuiyeh Persian: داهوييهVillageDahuiyehCoordinates: 30°46′11″N 56°42′38″E / 30.76972°N 56.71056°E / 30.76972; 56.71056[1]CountryIranProvinceKermanCountyZarandDistrictCentralRural DistrictEslamabadPopulation (2016)[2] • Total1,060Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST) Dahuiyeh (Persian: داهوييه)[a] is a village...

 

5-я армия (Российская империя)

У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. 5-я армия. 5-я армия (5 А)5-я полевая армия (5 ПА) Годы существования 1914—1918 Страна  Российская империя Подчинение Штаб армии Входит в (см. Список фронтов) Включает в себя Армейские и кавалерийские корпуса Численность Объедине...

Sabine Zlatin

Pour les articles homonymes, voir Zlatin. Sabine ZlatinBiographieNaissance 13 janvier 1907VarsovieDécès 21 septembre 1996 (à 89 ans)15e arrondissement de ParisSépulture Cimetière du MontparnasseNationalité françaiseActivités Peintre, résistante, infirmièreConjoint Miron ZlatinAutres informationsLieu de détention Prison Patarei (en)Sépulture de Sabine Zlatin au cimetière du Montparnasse (division 18).modifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Sabine Zlatin, née Sabine ...

 

The Darling (novel)

2004 historical novel written by Russell Banks The Darling Softcover editionAuthorRussell BanksCountryUnited StatesLanguageEnglishGenreHistoricalPublisherHarperCollinsMedia typePrint, e-book, audiobookPages400 pp (first edition, hardback)ISBN978-0060197353 The Darling is a historical novel written by Russell Banks, and published on October 12, 2004, by HarperCollins. Summary The novel is narrated by Hannah Musgrave, a woman in her fifties reflecting back on her life as a politically radi...

 

Calendario delle elezioni in Italia

Questo calendario delle elezioni in Italia comprende tutte le elezioni politiche, europee, regionali e amministrative svoltesi nella Repubblica italiana dal secondo dopoguerra ad oggi. Indice 1 Elezione dell'Assemblea Costituente 2 Elezioni del Parlamento italiano 3 Elezioni del Parlamento europeo 4 Elezioni regionali 4.1 Regioni a statuto ordinario 4.2 Friuli-Venezia Giulia 4.3 Sardegna 4.4 Sicilia 4.5 Trentino-Alto Adige 4.6 Valle d'Aosta 5 Elezioni amministrative 6 Note 7 Voci correlate 8 ...

Carbon tetroxide

CO4 redirects here. For the Colchester postal district, see CO postcode area. Carbon tetroxide Names IUPAC name C2v isomer: 1,2,3-Trioxetan-4-one Oxygen carbonate Monooxygen carbonate D2d isomer: Carbon diperoxide Other names C2v isomer: 4-Trioxetanone Trioxetan-4-one D2d isomer: 1,2,4,5-Tetraoxaspiro[2.2]pentane Identifiers CAS Number 853179-44-9 Y 3D model (JSmol) Interactive image PubChem CID 22321311 CompTox Dashboard (EPA) DTXSID901028836 InChI InChI=1S/CO4/c2-1-3-5-4-1Key: ITO...

 

Hans Streuli

Hans Streuli Presiden Konfederasi Swiss Ke-109Masa jabatan1 Januari 1957 – 31 Desember 1957PendahuluMarkus FeldmannPenggantiThomas HolensteinAnggota Dewan Federal SwissMasa jabatan22 Desember 1953 – 19 November 1959PendahuluMax WeberPenggantiWilly Spühler Informasi pribadiLahir(1892-07-13)13 Juli 1892Meninggal23 Mei 1970(1970-05-23) (umur 77)KebangsaanSwissSunting kotak info • L • B Hans Streuli (13 Juli 1892 - 23 Mei 1970) adalah politikus Swiss. Ia ...

 

Back to Brooklyn (album)

2013 live album by Barbra StreisandBack to BrooklynLive album by Barbra StreisandReleasedNovember 25, 2013RecordedOctober 11–13, 2012VenueBarclays Center, New York CityGenreVocalLabelColumbiaBarbra Streisand chronology The Classic Christmas Album(2013) Back to Brooklyn(2013) Partners(2014) Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[1]New York Daily News[2] Back to Brooklyn is the eighth live album by Barbra Streisand, recorded over two nights at Barclays ...

Grand Prix F1 Australia 2024

Grand Prix Australia 2024 Lomba ke-3 dari 24 dalam Formula Satu musim 2024← Lomba sebelumnyaLomba berikutnya → Tata letak Sirkuit Albert Park.Detail perlombaan[1][2]Tanggal 24 Maret 2024Nama resmi Formula 1 Rolex Australian Grand Prix 2024Lokasi Sirkuit Albert ParkMelbourne, Victoria, AustraliaSirkuit Sirkuit jalan rayaPanjang sirkuit 5.278 km (3.280 mi)Jarak tempuh 58 putaran, 306.124 km (190.217 mi)Cuaca CerahPenonton 452,055[3]Posisi polePemb...

 

Коммутативность

Первое известное использование термина коммутативность: фрагмент французского журнала «Annales de Gergonne», выпускавшегося с 1810 по 1832 годы, выпуск 1814—15 Пример, показывающий коммутативность сложения (3 + 2 = 2 + 3) Коммутативность, переместительный закон (позднелат. commutativus �...

 

Al-Khat As-Sarei Timur

Al-Khat As-Sarei Timur الخات السري الشرقيةLingkunganNegaraArab SaudiProvinsiProvinsi MakkahPemerintahan • Wali kotaHani Abu Ras[1] • Gubernur kotaMish'al Al-SaudKetinggian12 m (39 ft)Zona waktuUTC+3 (AST) • Musim panas (DST)ASTKode pos(5 kode digit dimulai dari 23; e.g. 23434)Kode area telepon+966-12Situs webwww.jeddah.gov.sa/english/index.php Al-Khat As-Sarei Timur (bahasa Arab: الخات السري الشرقية) a...

Brazilian presidential line of succession

Line of succession of the post of president of Brazil This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Brazilian presidential line of succession – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Part of a series onOrders of successionPresidencies Argentin...

 

تثيس (أسطورة)

تيثيس   زوجات أوقيانوس[1]  الأب أورانوس[1]  الأم غايا[1]  ذرية أمفيتريت،  ونمسيس،  وميتيس،  وتيكه[2]،  وروديس،  وكلايتي،  وكاليبسو،  وستيكس،  ونيريوس،  وأخيلوس[3]،  ونيلوس_(الأساطير)،  وديوني،  وأوقيانوسيات  تعديل �...