Kashan

Kashan
کاشان
City
Kashan is located in Iran
Kashan
Kashan
Location in Iran
Coordinates: 33°58′57″N 51°25′57″E / 33.98250°N 51.43250°E / 33.98250; 51.43250[1]
CountryIran
ProvinceIsfahan
CountyKashan
DistrictCentral
Government
 • MayorKioumars Mohammadpour
Population
 (2016)[2]
 • Urban
304,487
 • Metro
432,557
Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST)
Websitewww.kashan.ir
Timcheh-e Amin o Dowleh, Kashan Bazaar (19th century). Persian architects used these structures to naturally decrease temperatures, regulate sunlight, and ventilate the interior spaces during the daytime.
Amin-o-Dowleh, Persian royal envoy to the court of Napoleon III.

Kashan (Persian: کاشان; [kɒːˈʃɒːn] )[a] is a city in the Central District of Kashan County, in the northern part of Isfahan province, Iran, serving as capital of both the county and the district.[5]

History

Earliest evidence of human presence around Kashan date back to Paleolithic period that have been found at Niasar, Kaftar Khoun and Sefid-Ab. Middle Paleolithic stone tools were discovered at travertine spring of Niasar and the travertine of Kaftar Khoun.[6] Upper Paleolithic groups were living around Sefid-Ab spring at SW of Kashan.[7]

By some accounts, although not all, Kashan was the origin of the three wise men who followed the star that guided them to Bethlehem to witness the nativity of Jesus, as recounted in the Bible.[8] For example, medieval traveler Friar Odoric of Pordenone related this story in 1330 after having visited there.[9]

According to a legend dating from the Safavid era, Abu Lu'lu'a, the Persian skilled craftsman who was enslaved by the Islamic conquerors and who eventually assassinated the caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab in 644, fled to Kashan after the assassination.[10] The shrine that was built over his supposed tomb is one of Kashan's landmarks (see gallery below).

During the rule of Timurid Empire, Kashan were patronized by Ulugh Beg, grandson of Timur.[11] After the era of Timurid rulers, Kashan then came simultaneously under the rule of Qara Qoyunlu, and then Aq Qoyunlu.[12] Kashan was also a leisure vacation spot for Safavid kings.[citation needed]

The earthquake of 1778 leveled the city of Kashan and all the edifices of Shah Abbas Safavi, leaving 8000 casualties. But the city started afresh.

This city is also known as Dar al-Mominin.[13]

Panorama of city
a view of Kashan around 17th century from Jean Chardin.

Demographics

Population

At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 248,789 in 67,464 households.[14] The following census in 2011 counted 275,325 people in 80,015 households.[15] The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 304,487 people in 91,935 households.[2]

Geography

Kashan is divided into two parts, mountainous and desert.

Location

The city of Kashan is located in the north of Isfahan province, north of the Karkas Mountains and west of Dasht-e Kavir desert, where it is poor in terms of vegetation and where bushes and shrubs are more or less found.

Mountains

Dare mountain is next to Dare village and 14 kilometers southwest of Kashan with a height of 2,985 meters overlooking the city of Kashan, and Gargash peak is the second highest peak of the Karkas mountain range (the first is mount Karakas in Natanz), 33 kilometers southwest of Kashan and 12 kilometers southwest of Qamsar and 7 kilometers northeast of Kamu with a height of 3,600 meters is located near the city of Kamu and Chogan. Kashan has the least light and air pollution. For this reason, it was chosen by international experts as the most appropriate and best place to establish the National Observatory of Iran, and the home of one of the largest large telescopes in the Middle East with the latest technology.

Ardahal peak is located 35 kilometers west of Kashan with a height of 3505 meters after Gargash, is the highest point of Kashan heights (continuation of the central mountain range) in the vicinity of Niaser and the villages Nashlej and Mashhad.[16][17]

Climate

Kashan has a hot desert climate, with (BWh) designation in Köppen climate classification and (BW) in Trewartha climate classification, with cold winters (although warmer than other Iranian cities) and very hot and dry summers. Kashan is significantly warmer than other cities in the Iranian Plateau due to its lower elevation.

Climate data for Kashan (1991–2020, records 1966-2020)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 22.0
(71.6)
27.0
(80.6)
36.4
(97.5)
37.0
(98.6)
42.0
(107.6)
48.0
(118.4)
48.0
(118.4)
47.1
(116.8)
43.0
(109.4)
39.0
(102.2)
32.2
(90.0)
24.5
(76.1)
48.0
(118.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 10.7
(51.3)
14.2
(57.6)
19.9
(67.8)
26.0
(78.8)
32.1
(89.8)
38.1
(100.6)
40.8
(105.4)
39.7
(103.5)
35.1
(95.2)
27.5
(81.5)
18.0
(64.4)
12.2
(54.0)
26.2
(79.2)
Daily mean °C (°F) 4.9
(40.8)
8.0
(46.4)
13.4
(56.1)
19.3
(66.7)
25.1
(77.2)
31.0
(87.8)
33.7
(92.7)
32.2
(90.0)
27.3
(81.1)
20.1
(68.2)
11.8
(53.2)
6.4
(43.5)
19.4
(67.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.2
(31.6)
2.1
(35.8)
6.9
(44.4)
12.3
(54.1)
17.4
(63.3)
22.4
(72.3)
25.4
(77.7)
23.6
(74.5)
18.9
(66.0)
13.0
(55.4)
6.1
(43.0)
1.4
(34.5)
12.4
(54.4)
Record low °C (°F) −17.4
(0.7)
−10.0
(14.0)
−4.5
(23.9)
0.0
(32.0)
5.4
(41.7)
10.6
(51.1)
15.2
(59.4)
12.4
(54.3)
10.0
(50.0)
4.5
(40.1)
−8.6
(16.5)
−8.0
(17.6)
−17.4
(0.7)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 20.6
(0.81)
15.1
(0.59)
26.3
(1.04)
21.6
(0.85)
14.0
(0.55)
1.5
(0.06)
0.4
(0.02)
0.5
(0.02)
0.3
(0.01)
4.7
(0.19)
14.6
(0.57)
14.7
(0.58)
134.3
(5.29)
Average snowfall cm (inches) 12.2
(4.8)
3.5
(1.4)
1.0
(0.4)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.1
(0.0)
1.4
(0.6)
18.2
(7.2)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 4.1 2.8 3.8 3.5 2.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.2 1.2 2.7 3.1 24.3
Average snowy days 2.7 1.2 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.0 5.5
Average relative humidity (%) 61 52 43 40 33 22 21 22 25 37 53 62 39
Average dew point °C (°F) −2.8
(27.0)
−2.5
(27.5)
−0.6
(30.9)
3.4
(38.1)
5.8
(42.4)
5.6
(42.1)
7.0
(44.6)
6.3
(43.3)
4.6
(40.3)
3.6
(38.5)
1.2
(34.2)
−1.0
(30.2)
2.6
(36.6)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 187 194 222 234 282 329 332 341 306 264 192 176 3,059
Source 1: NCEI[18](snowfall 1981-2010)[19]
Source 2: IRIMO(snow days and extremes 1966-2010)[1]

Main sights

On August 9, 2007, Iran placed the Historical Axis of Fin, Sialk, Kashan on its Tentative List for possible future nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The exact definition of what locations within Kashan proper might be nominated was not made clear. In 2012 Iran successfully nominated the Fin Garden separately for inscription by UNESCO as a part of its Persian Gardens World Heritage Site. Despite this the "Historical-Cultural Axis of Fin, Sialk, Kashan" remains in full on Iran's Tentative List. The Boroujerdiha house is one of the historical places from the Qajar period.

Bagh-e Fin.
Tabatabaeis House, early 1800s, Kashan. A fine example of traditional Persian architecture.
Aminoddole carvansarai.

Kashan's architectural sights include:

Today

Kashan is known for the manufacture of carpets, silk and other textiles.

Ameri House

Education

Sultan Amir Ahmad Bathhouse.
University of Kashan Entrance

There are more than 10,000 students currently studying in various fields (e.g.:Applied sciences, Engineering, Art, Law, Medical sciences, Nano technology, literature, Carpet and Handicrafts, etc.) at universities of Kashan. Colleges and universities in Kashan include:

Accessibility

Kashan is connected via freeways to Isfahan and Natanz to the South, and Qom, which is an hour drive away to the north. Kashan railway station is along the main north–south railways of Iran. Kashan Airport reopened on 2 June 2016 after twenty years hiatus with an ATA Airlines flight from Mashhad International Airport.

Kashan Former Entrance

Notable people

Sohrab Sepehri contemporary painter and poet

Twin towns – sister cities

See also

Media related to Kashan at Wikimedia Commons

Kashan travel guide from Wikivoyage

flag Iran portal

Notes

  1. ^ Also romanized as Kâšân and Kāshān;[3] also known as Cassan and Qashan[4]

References

  1. ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (29 November 2024). "Kashan, Kashan County" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 29 November 2024.
  2. ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Isfahan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 19 October 2020. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
  3. ^ Kashan can be found at GEOnet Names Server, at this link, by opening the Advanced Search box, entering "-3069961" in the "Unique Feature Id" form, and clicking on "Search Database".
  4. ^ Henry Yule, Cathay and the Way Thither, Volume II, edited by Henri Cordier for the Hakluyt Society, 1913, p. 106, FN 4.
  5. ^ Habibi, Hassan (c. 2024) [Approved 21 June 1369]. Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the national divisions of Isfahan province, centered in the city of Isfahan. lamtakam.com (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 3233.1.5.53; Letter 93808-907; Notification 82838/T131K. Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024 – via Lam ta Kam.
  6. ^ Biglari, F. (2004) The Preliminary Survey of Paleolithic Sites in the Kashan region., In S.M. Shahmirzadi (ed.), The Silversmiths of Sialk (Sialk Reconsideration Project), Report No. 2: 151-168. Archaeological Research Center. Iranian Cultural Heritage Organization,Tehran. (In Persian)
  7. ^ Shidrang, S 2009 A Typo-technological Study of an Upper Paleolithic Collection from Sefid-Ab, Central Iran, In: M. Otte, F. Biglari, and J. Jaubert (eds), Iran Palaeolithic. pp. 47–56, Proceedings of the XV World Congress UISPP, Lisbonne, Vol. 28, BAR International Series 1968
  8. ^ Elgood, Cyril. A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate: From the Earliest Times Until the Year A.D. 1932. Cambridge Library Collection - History of Medicine. Cambridge University Press, 2010. ISBN 1108015883 p. 34
  9. ^ Henry Yule, Cathay and the Way Thither, Volume II, edited by Henri Cordier for the Hakluyt Society, 1913, p. 106.
  10. ^ Johnson, Rosemary Stanfield (1994). "Sunni Survival in Safavid Iran: Anti-Sunni Activities During the Reign of Tahmasp I". Iranian Studies. 27 (1–4): 123–133. doi:10.1080/00210869408701823. JSTOR 4310889. p. 127, note 23. On Abu Lu'lu'a, see Pellat, Charles (2011). "Abū Loʾloʾa". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopaedia Iranica.
  11. ^ Roy P. Mottahedeh (19 January 2023). In the Shadow of the Prophet Essays in Islamic History (ebook). Oneworld Publications. ISBN 9780861545612. Retrieved 2 December 2023. Ulugh Beg, one of most mathematically gifted rulers of the medieval era. Jamshid's enormous talent had supposedly been immediately recognized by another astronomer, on discovering him in an astrolabe shop in Kashan.98
  12. ^ David Durand-Guédy; Jürgen Paul; Roy Mottahedeh (2020). Cities of Medieval Iran. Brill. p. 420. ISBN 9789004434332. Retrieved 2 December 2023. Kashan, showing that the latter also understood mathematics and astronomy. Applying the characteristic mix of ... Qara-Qoyunlu and subsequently the Aq-Qoyunlu.
  13. ^ https://www.irna.ir/news/84578409
  14. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Isfahan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
  15. ^ Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Isfahan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 17 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
  16. ^ "Kashan". www.visitiran.ir. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  17. ^ Foundation, Encyclopaedia Iranica. "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica". iranicaonline.org. Retrieved 17 March 2023.
  18. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1991-2020: Kashan" (CSV). ncei.noaa.gov. NOAA. Retrieved 29 April 2024. WMO number: 40785
  19. ^ "World Meteorological Organization Climate Normals for 1981-2010: Kashan" (XLS). ncei.noaa.gov. NOAA. p. 9. Retrieved 29 April 2024. WMO number: 40785

Read other articles:

Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh (3 November 1688-21 September 1743) adalah penguasa kerajaan Amber (nantinya disebut Jaipur). Ia lahir di Amber, ibu kota Kachwaha. Ia menjadi penguasa Amber tahun 1699 pada usia 11 tahun ketika ayahnya Maharaja Bishan Singh meninggal dunia. Pranala luar Genealogy of the rulers of Jaipur Annexation of Shekhawati Diarsipkan 2006-10-20 di Wayback Machine. Artikel bertopik biografi tokoh ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.lbs

 

 

Francisco Fonseca Informasi pribadiNama lengkap José Francisco Fonseca GuzmánTanggal lahir 2 Oktober 1979 (umur 44)Tempat lahir León, MexicoTinggi 1,80 m (5 ft 11 in)Posisi bermain PenyerangInformasi klubKlub saat ini AtlanteNomor 14Karier senior*Tahun Tim Tampil (Gol)2000–2002 La Piedad 28 (0)2002–2004 UNAM 81 (24)2005–2006 Cruz Azul 48 (25)2006 Benfica 8 (1)2007–2010 UANL 109 (15)2011– Atlante 68 (11)Tim nasional2004–2008 Meksiko 43 (21) * Penampilan dan ...

 

 

Gene ClarkNama lahirHarold Eugene ClarkLahir(1944-11-17)17 November 1944Tipton, Missouri, ASMeninggal24 Mei 1991(1991-05-24) (umur 46)Sherman Oaks, California, ASGenreRock, country rock, folk rock, foklor, country, bluegrass, AmericanaPekerjaanMusisi, penyanyi-penulis laguInstrumenVokaltamborinharmonikagitarTahun aktif1963–1991LabelColumbia, A&M, Asylum, RSO, Capitol, Takoma, SierraArtis terkaitThe Byrds, Dillard & Clark, Phoenix, McGuinn, Clark & Hillman, Jesse Ed Davis, C...

American energy technology company GE PowerGE Power's headquarters in SchenectadyCompany typeSubsidiaryIndustryEnergy industryFounded2008; 16 years ago (2008) (as GE Energy)2012; 12 years ago (2012) (as GE Power & Water)HeadquartersSchenectady, New York, United StatesArea servedWorldwideKey peopleScott Strazik (CEO)[1]ProductsEngines, Turbines and Generators Measurement and control systems Nuclear reactors Boilers Heat Recovery Steam Generators(...

 

 

Magnus Effect Aircraft This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Plymouth A-A-2004 – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) The Plymouth A-A-2004 is a rotor aircraft inspired by the Flettner rotor, a type of rotor that uses the M...

 

 

حلوياتمعلومات عامةالنوع  القائمة ... سلعة غذائية — Production of food industry by OKP (en) — food and drink products (OKPD 15, includes not only edible) (en) — food products by OKPD2 (10) (en) — sweet dish (en) تعديل - تعديل مصدري - تعديل ويكي بيانات طالع أيضًا: حلوى وسكاكر حلويات في لبنان الطبق الحلو أو الحَلْوَيَات أو الحَلْوَى أو العُق�...

Law College in Saifai, Uttar Pradesh Chaudhary Charan Singh College of LawOther nameChaudhary Charan Singh Vidhi MahavidyalayaTypePrivate Law CollegeEstablished2012; 12 years ago (2012)Academic affiliationsChhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Bar Council of IndiaPrincipalAditya Veer SinghAcademic staff10LocationHeonra, Saifai, Etawah, Uttar Pradesh, India26°56′18″N 78°57′53″E / 26.9381957°N 78.9646116°E / 26.9381957; 78.9646116Websitec...

 

 

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

 

 

Ancient city on the coast of Bithynia Heraclea PonticaἩράκλεια ΠοντικήMap indicating Heraclea Pontica (underlined in red) during the Roman expansion in 264 BCShown within TurkeyLocationKaradeniz Ereğli, Zonguldak Province, TurkeyRegionBithyniaCoordinates41°17′5″N 31°24′53″E / 41.28472°N 31.41472°E / 41.28472; 31.41472HistoryBuilderColonists from MegaraFoundedBetween 560–558 BCPeriodsArchaic Greece Heraclea Pontica (/ˌhɛrəˈkliːə ˈp�...

American actress (born 1972) Jennifer GarnerGarner in 2018BornJennifer Anne Garner (1972-04-17) April 17, 1972 (age 52)Houston, Texas, U.S.Other namesJennifer FoleyJennifer AffleckAlma materDenison University (BFA)OccupationsActressproducerbusinesswomanYears active1995–presentWorksFull listSpouses Scott Foley ​ ​(m. 2000; div. 2004)​ Ben Affleck ​ ​(m. 2005; div. 2018)​Childre...

 

 

City in the Mexican state of Guerrero This article is about the city. For the municipality, see Chilpancingo de los Bravo (municipality). For the Mexico City Metro station, see Chilpancingo metro station. City in Guerrero, MexicoChilpancingo, GuerreroCityChilpancingo de los BravoAbove, from left to right: Downtown, Chilpancingo Francisco Assisi Church, Tehuacalco archaeological site, The Civic Plaza First Congress of Anahuac, Chilpancingo Saint Mary Cathedral, Museo de Regional de Guerrero (R...

 

 

Vol South African Airways 228 Un Boeing 707 de South African Airways, similaire à celui impliqué dans l'accident. Caractéristiques de l'accident Date20 avril 1968 TypeCollision avec le relief CausesImpact sans perte de contrôle Site5,3 km (3,3 mi) à l'est de l'aéroport international Hosea Kutako de Windhoek, Windhoek, Namibie Coordonnées 22° 26′ 58″ sud, 17° 32′ 02″ est Caractéristiques de l'appareil Type d'appareilBoeing 707-344C...

此条目序言章节没有充分总结全文内容要点。 (2019年3月21日)请考虑扩充序言,清晰概述条目所有重點。请在条目的讨论页讨论此问题。 哈萨克斯坦總統哈薩克總統旗現任Қасым-Жомарт Кемелұлы Тоқаев卡瑟姆若马尔特·托卡耶夫自2019年3月20日在任任期7年首任努尔苏丹·纳扎尔巴耶夫设立1990年4月24日(哈薩克蘇維埃社會主義共和國總統) 哈萨克斯坦 哈萨克斯坦政府...

 

 

Частина серії проФілософіяLeft to right: Plato, Kant, Nietzsche, Buddha, Confucius, AverroesПлатонКантНіцшеБуддаКонфуційАверроес Філософи Епістемологи Естетики Етики Логіки Метафізики Соціально-політичні філософи Традиції Аналітична Арістотелівська Африканська Близькосхідна іранська Буддій�...

 

 

Micropolitan Statistical Area in Illinois, United StatesOttawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical AreaMicropolitan Statistical AreaLaSalle County Courthouse in OttawaInteractive Map of Ottawa, IL μSA   City of Ottawa   Ottawa, IL μSA   Other Counties in the Chicago, IL–IN–WI CSA Country United StatesState IllinoisPrincipal cityOttawaOther cityStreatorTime zoneUTC−6 (CST) • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT) The Ottawa, IL Micropolitan Statistical Area,...

В Википедии есть статьи о других людях с такой фамилией, см. Зайончковский. Пётр Андреевич Зайончковский Дата рождения 5 (18) сентября 1904(1904-09-18) Место рождения Уральск, Уральская область, Российская империя Дата смерти 30 сентября 1983(1983-09-30) (79 лет) Место смерти Москва, РС...

 

 

3rd Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh Kailash Nath Katju3rd Chief Minister of Madhya PradeshIn office31 January 1957 – 11 March 1962Preceded byBhagwantrao MandloiSucceeded byBhagwantrao Mandloi4th Minister of DefenceIn office10 January 1955 – 30 January 1957Prime MinisterJawaharlal NehruPreceded byBaldev SinghSucceeded byV. K. Krishna Menon4th Minister of Home AffairsIn office5 November 1951 – 10 January 1955Prime MinisterJawaharlal NehruPreceded byC. Rajag...

 

 

American clarinet player and composer (born 1959) Ben GoldbergBackground informationBorn (1959-08-08) August 8, 1959 (age 64)Denver, Colorado, United StatesGenresJazz, free jazz, klezmerOccupation(s)Musician, composerInstrument(s)ClarinetLabelsBAG ProductionWebsitebengoldberg.netMusical artist Ben Goldberg is an American clarinet player and composer. Career In the early 1990s, Ben Goldberg performed alongside electric bassist Dan Seamans and percussionist Kenny Wollesen as the New Klezme...

Spanish automobile model This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: America Spanish automobile – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (December 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Share of the América Autos SA, issued 30 june 1917 The America was a Spanish automobile manufactured in Barcelona f...

 

 

Questa voce sugli argomenti allenatori di pallacanestro statunitensi e cestisti statunitensi è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Segui i suggerimenti dei progetti di riferimento 1, 2. Conner HenryHenry in azione con la maglia della Telemarket BresciaNazionalità Stati Uniti Altezza201 cm Peso88 kg Pallacanestro RuoloAllenatore (ex guardia) Termine carriera1998 - giocatore CarrieraGiovanili Claremont High School1982-1986 UCSB Gauc...