The Pulitzer Prize for Fiction is one of the seven American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Letters, Drama, and Music. It recognizes distinguished fiction by an American author, preferably dealing with American life, published during the preceding calendar year.
As the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel (awarded 1918–1947), it was one of the original Pulitzers; the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, four of which were awarded that year [1] (no Novel prize was awarded in 1917, the first one having been granted in 1918).[2]
The name was changed to the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948, and eligibility was expanded to also include short stories, novellas, novelettes, and poetry, as well as novels.
Finalists have been announced since 1980, usually a total of three.[2]
Definition
As defined in the original Plan of Award, the prize was given "Annually, for the American novel published during the year which shall best present the wholesome atmosphere of American life, and the highest standard of American manners and manhood," although there was some struggle over whether the word wholesome should be used instead of whole, the word Pulitzer had written in his will.[3] In 1927, the advisory board quietly instituted Pulitzer's word choice, replacing wholesome with whole.
With 1929 came the first of several much more substantive changes. The board changed the wording to "preferably one which shall best present the whole atmosphere of American life" and deleted the insistence that the novel portray "the highest standard of American manners and manhood". In 1936, emphasis was changed again, with the award going to "a distinguished novel published during the year by an American author, preferably dealing with American life". In 1948, the advisory board widened the scope of the award with the wording "For distinguished fiction published in book form during the year by an American author, preferably dealing with American life."[3] This change allowed the prize to go to a collection of short stories for the first time, James Michener's Tales of the South Pacific.
Winners
In 31 years under the "Novel" name, the prize was awarded 27 times; in its first 76 years to 2023 under the "Fiction" name, 69 times. There have been 11 years during which no title received the award. It was shared by two authors for the first time in 2023.[2] Since this category's inception in 1918, 31 women have won the prize. Four authors have won two prizes each in the Fiction category: Booth Tarkington, William Faulkner, John Updike, and Colson Whitehead.
Because the award is for books published in the preceding calendar year, the "Year" column links to the preceding year in literature.
Four writers to date have won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction multiple times, one nominally in the novel category and two in the general fiction category. Ernest Hemingway was selected by the 1941 and 1953 juries, but the former was overturned with no award given that year.[c]
^First-time fiction juror Stuart P. Sherman initially recommended Joseph Hergesheimer's Java Head for the award; he rescinded his recommendation when the other jurors informed him that the word "whole" in a key phrase of the original description of the award, "the whole atmosphere of American life", had subsequently been changed to "wholesome".[4]
^Though Apartment in Athens by Glenway Wescott, The Wayfarers by Dan Wickenden, and Black Boy by Richard Wright were each championed by at least one juror, the jury as a whole could not reach a consensus; one point of contention over Black Boy specifically was that the book is a memoir, not a novel.[4]
^The two-man fiction jury could not agree on a single book to recommend to the Advisory Board, so no award was given; among the books recommended by juror Eric P. Kelly were Ramey by Jack D. Ferris, The Sands of Karakorum by James Ullman, The Adventures of Augie March by Saul Bellow, and The Four Lives of Mundy Tolliver by Ben Lucien Burman, while juror Harris F. Fletcher recommended The Street of the Three Friends by Myron Brinig and The Deep Sleep by Wright Morris[4]
^The fiction jury had recommended the 1957 award to Elizabeth Spencer's The Voice at the Back Door, but the Pulitzer board, which has sole discretion for awarding the prize, made no award.
^"Among the books the judges most seriously considered were the following: (1) Norman Fruchter's Coat Upon a Stick…, (2) May Sarton's novella Joanna and Ulysses…, (3) Sumner Locke Elliott's Careful, He Might Hear You…, [and] (4) John Killens' And Then We Heard the Thunder… If a prize were to be awarded for a 1963 novel we felt these to be the most serious candidates." However, the fiction jury ultimately recommended that no award be given because "no one of them imposes itself upon us as demanding recognition as 'distinguished fiction'…."[4]
^The fiction jury had unanimously recommended the 1974 award to Thomas Pynchon's Gravity's Rainbow, but the Pulitzer board, which has sole discretion for awarding the prize, made no award.[6]
^The fiction jury had recommended the 1977 award to Norman MacLean's A River Runs Through It, but the Pulitzer board, which has sole discretion for awarding the prize, made no award. That same year, however, Alex Haley's iconic family sagaRoots was awarded a special Pulitzer Prize.[6]
^"A collection of 13 short stories set in small-town Maine that packs a cumulative emotional wallop, bound together by polished prose and by Olive, the title character, blunt, flawed and fascinating."[8]
^"A powerful celebration of life in which a New England father and son, through suffering and joy, transcend their imprisoning lives and offer new ways of perceiving the world and mortality."[9]
^"An inventive investigation of growing up and growing old in the digital age, displaying a big-hearted curiosity about cultural change at warp speed."[10]
^"An exquisitely crafted novel that carries the reader on an adventuresome journey into the depths of totalitarian North Korea and into the most intimate spaces of the human heart."[12]
^"A beautifully written coming-of-age novel with exquisitely drawn characters that follows a grieving boy's entanglement with a small famous painting that has eluded destruction, a book that stimulates the mind and touches the heart."[13]
^"An imaginative and intricate novel inspired by the horrors of World War II and written in short, elegant chapters that explore human nature and the contradictory power of technology."[14]
^"A layered immigrant tale told in the wry, confessional voice of a "man of two minds" -- and two countries, Vietnam and the United States."[15]
^"For a smart melding of realism and allegory that combines the violence of slavery and the drama of escape in a myth that speaks to contemporary America."[16]
^"A generous book, musical in its prose and expansive in its structure and range, about growing older and the essential nature of love."[17]
^"An ingeniously structured narrative that branches and canopies like the trees at the core of the story whose wonder and connectivity echo those of the humans living amongst them."[18]
^"A spare and devastating exploration of abuse at a reform school in Jim Crow-era Florida that is ultimately a powerful tale of human perseverance, dignity and redemption."[19]
^"A majestic, polyphonic novel about a community’s efforts to halt the proposed displacement and elimination of several Native American tribes in the 1950s, rendered with dexterity and imagination."[20]
^"A mordant, linguistically deft historical novel about the ambiguities of the Jewish American experience, presenting ideas and disputes as volatile as its tightly-wound plot."[21]
^"A riveting novel set in a bygone America that explores family, wealth and ambition through linked narratives rendered in different literary styles, a complex examination of love and power in a country where capitalism is king."[23]
^"A masterful recasting of “David Copperfield,” narrated by an Appalachian boy whose wise, unwavering voice relates his encounters with poverty, addiction, institutional failures and moral collapse–and his efforts to conquer them.[24]
^"A beautifully rendered novel set in West Virginia's Trans-Allegheny Lunatic Asylum in the aftermath of the Civil War, where a severely wounded Union veteran, a 12-year old girl and her mother, long abused by a Confederate soldier, struggle to heal."[25]
^ abcMcDowell, Edwin (11 May 1984). "PUBLISHING: PULITZER CONTROVERSIES". The New York Times. Retrieved 2018-04-19. [I]n 1941, after both the jury and the board voted to give the fiction prize to Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell Tolls, Nicholas Murray Butler, president of Columbia and ex-officio chairman of the board, forced the board to change its vote because he found the book offensive.
^Fischer, Heinz Dietrich; Fischer, Erika J. (1997). Novel/Fiction Awards 1917–1994: From Pearl S. Buck and Margaret Mitchell to Ernest Hemingway and John Updike. The Pulitzer Prize Archive. Vol. 10 (in part D, "Belles Lettres"). München: K.G. Saur. pp. LX–LXI. ISBN9783110972115. OCLC811400780.
Michael's Cunningham's "Letter from the Pulitzer Fiction Jury: What Really Happened This Year," The New Yorker — Part One (July 9, 2012) and Part Two (July 10, 2012)
Pemilihan umum Bupati Grobogan 2015201020209 Desember 2015Kehadiran pemilih66,16%Kandidat Calon Sri Sumarni Icek Baskoro Partai PDI-P Golkar Pendamping Edy Maryono Sugeng Prasetyo Suara rakyat 505.507 186.401 Persentase 73,06% 26,94% Bupati Grobogan petahanaBambang Pudjiono Bupati Grobogan terpilih Sri Sumarni PDI-P Pemilihan umum Bupati Grobogan 2015 merupakan bagian dari pemilihan kepala daerah serentak yang diselenggarakan pada tanggal 9 Desember 2015 untuk memilih Bupati Grob...
Stasiun Tandes A15B02SI15 Stasiun Tandes pada tahun 2022LokasiTandes Lor, Tandes, Surabaya, Jawa TimurIndonesiaKoordinat7°15′46″S 112°41′22″E / 7.26278°S 112.68944°E / -7.26278; 112.68944Koordinat: 7°15′46″S 112°41′22″E / 7.26278°S 112.68944°E / -7.26278; 112.68944Ketinggian+2 mOperator KAI Commuter Letakkm 224+223 lintas Gundih–Gambringan–Bojonegoro–Surabaya Pasarturi[1] Jumlah peron2 (satu peron sisi dan s...
« Coaxial » redirige ici. Pour rotors principaux coaxiaux, voir rotor contrarotatif. Ligne ou câble coaxial Le câble coaxial ou ligne coaxiale désigne une ligne de transmission ou liaison asymétrique, utilisée en basses ou hautes fréquences, composée d'un câble à deux conducteurs (central et extérieur), dont le conducteur externe assure le plus souvent le blindage. L'invention en est attribuée à Oliver Heaviside (breveté en 1880). L'Américain Herman Affel a dévelop...
Review of the election 1999 Tucson mayoral election ← 1995 November 2, 1999 (1999-11-02) 2003 → Nominee Bob Walkup Molly McKasson Ed Kahn Party Republican Democratic Libertarian Popular vote 46,258 33,999 4,834 Percentage 53.68% 39.45% 5.61% Mayor before election George Miller Democratic Elected Mayor Bob Walkup Republican Elections in Arizona Federal government Presidential elections 1912 1916 1920 1924 1928 1932 1936 1940 1944 1948 1952 1956 ...
العلاقات الغامبية الميكرونيسية غامبيا ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة غامبيا ولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة تعديل مصدري - تعديل العلاقات الغامبية الميكرونيسية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين غامبيا وولايات ميكرونيسيا المتحدة.[1][2][3][4][5] مق...
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Marcelo et Guedes. Marcelo Marcelo avec le PSV Eindhoven en 2011. Situation actuelle Équipe Western Sydney Wanderers Numéro 6 Biographie Nom Marcelo Antônio Guedes Filho Nationalité Brésilienne Naissance 20 mai 1987 (36 ans) São Vicente (Brésil) Taille 1,91 m (6′ 3″) Période pro. 2007- Poste Défenseur central Pied fort ambidextre Parcours junior Années Club 2004-2007 Santos FC 0 0 Parcours senior1 AnnéesClub 0M.0(B.) 2007-2008 S...
Gavin HoodGavin Hood (2015)Lahir12 Mei 1963 (umur 60)Johannesburg, Afrika SelatanPekerjaanSutradara, penulis latar dan aktorTahun aktif1989–sekarangSuami/istriNerissa Black Gavin Hood (kelahiran 12 Mei 1963) adalah seorang pembuat film, penulis latar, dan produser dan aktor Afrika Selatan, yang dikenal karena menulis dan menyutradarai Tsotsi (2005), yang memenangkan Academy Award untuk Film Berbahasa Asing Terbaik. Ia juga menyutradarai film X-Men Origins: Wolverine dan Ender's G...
Artikel ini memiliki beberapa masalah. Tolong bantu memperbaikinya atau diskusikan masalah-masalah ini di halaman pembicaraannya. (Pelajari bagaimana dan kapan saat yang tepat untuk menghapus templat pesan ini) Artikel ini tidak memiliki bagian pembuka yang sesuai dengan standar Wikipedia. Mohon tulis paragraf pembuka yang informatif sehingga pembaca dapat memahami maksud dari Sweta Kartika. Contoh paragraf pembuka Sweta Kartika adalah .... (September 2023) (Pelajari cara dan kapan saatnya un...
Computing standard based on MIPS architecture Not to be confused with Advanced RISC Machines or Argonaut RISC Core. This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: ARC specification – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (October 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Advanced RISC Com...
Vicovu de SusKotaNegara RumaniaProvinsiSuceavaStatusKotaLuas • Total42,55 km2 (1,643 sq mi) • Kepadatan245/km2 (630/sq mi)Zona waktuUTC+2 (EET) • Musim panas (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)Kode pos727610Kode area telepon+40 x 23Plat mobilSV Vicovu de Sus (Jerman: Oberwikowcode: de is deprecated ) adalah kota yang terletak di provinsi Suceava, Rumania. Kota ini berada di dekat perbatasan dengan Ukraina. Wali kota kota ini adalah Gheorghe Schipor. ...
1992 film directed by Baz Luhrmann Strictly BallroomAustralian theatrical release posterDirected byBaz LuhrmannScreenplay by Baz Luhrmann Craig Pearce Andrew Bovell Based onStrictly Ballroomby Baz LuhrmannProduced by Tristram Miall Antoinette Albert Starring Paul Mercurio Tara Morice Bill Hunter Pat Thomson Gia Carides Peter Whitford Barry Otto CinematographySteve MasonEdited byJill BilcockMusic byDavid HirschfelderProductioncompanies M&A Productions Ronin Films Distributed byRonin FilmsR...
JC25Stasiun Sagamiko相模湖駅Pintu keluar Stasiun SagamikoLokasiYosei, Midori, Sagamihara, Kanagawa（相模原市緑区与瀬1395）JepangOperatorEast Japan Railway CompanyJalurJalur Utama ChūōLayanan Terminal bus SejarahDibuka1901Nama sebelumnyaYosei (sampai 1956)Penumpang20113.293 per hari Sunting kotak info • L • BBantuan penggunaan templat ini Stasiun Sagamiko (相模湖駅code: ja is deprecated , Sagamiko-eki) adalah sebuah stasiun kereta api di Jalur Utama Chūō dar...
Pour les articles homonymes, voir Salomé. SaloméFormats Pièce de théâtre en quatre actes (en)Œuvre dramatique (d)Langue FrançaisAuteur Oscar WildeGenre TragédieSujet SaloméDate de création 1891Lieu de publication FrancePays Francemodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Illustration d'Aubrey Beardsley pour Salomé : la robe de paon Salomé est une tragédie d'Oscar Wilde dont la version originale de 1891 est écrite en français. Une traduction en anglais a suivi trois ...
Eurovision Song Contest 2022Country DenmarkNational selectionSelection processDansk Melodi Grand Prix 2022Selection date(s)5 March 2022Selected entrantReddiSelected songThe ShowSelected songwriter(s)Chief 1 [da]Ihan HaydarJulia FabrinRemee JackmanSiggy SaveryFinals performanceSemi-final resultFailed to qualify (13th)Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest ◄2021 • 2022 • 2023► Denmark participated in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022 in Tu...
Chips auf einem Wafer vor der Zerteilung. Zwischen den einzelnen Chips ist der Ritzrahmen zu sehen, der wie eine über den Wafer gelegte Gitterstruktur wirkt. Als Ritzrahmen oder auch Ritzgraben (englisch scribe line) wird in der Halbleitertechnik der Bereich zwischen den nutzbaren Dies auf einem Wafer bezeichnet. Er dient beim Zerteilen der Wafer in die einzelnen Chips als Verlustbereich beim Sägen bzw. Ritzen (engl. scribe). Während der Herstellung bleibt dieser Bereich jedoch nicht ungen...
Acting Foreign Minister of Afghanistan since 2021 Amir Khan Muttaqiامیر خان متقیMuttaqi in 2021Minister of Foreign AffairsActingAssumed office 7 September 2021Prime MinisterHasan Akhund (acting)DeputySher Mohammad Abbas Stanikzai (acting)Supreme LeaderHibatullah AkhundzadaPreceded byHaneef AtmarMember of the Leadership CouncilIncumbentAssumed office 15 August 2021In exileMay 2002[1] – 15 August 2021Minister of Education and Minister of Information an...
维莱·里托拉（芬蘭語：Ville Ritola，1896年1月18日—1982年4月24日），芬兰男子田径运动员，主攻长跑。他曾代表芬兰参加1924年和1928年夏季奥林匹克运动会田径比赛，获得五枚金牌和三枚银牌。[1] 参考资料 ^ Ville RITOLA. International Olympic Committee. [2021-08-12]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-07）. 查论编 奥林匹克运动会田径比赛男子5000米冠军 1912（英语：Athletics at the 1912 Sum...
Canton Nidvaldocantone(DE) Kanton Nidwalden(FR) Canton de Nidwald(RM) Chantun Sutsilvania (dettagli) Canton Nidvaldo – VedutaBeckenried LocalizzazioneStato Svizzera AmministrazioneCapoluogo Stans GovernoRegierungsrat (7) LegislatoreLandrat (60) Lingue ufficialitedesco Data di istituzione1291 TerritorioCoordinatedel capoluogo46°57′34.99″N 8°22′00.03″E46°57′34.99″N, 8°22′00.03″E (Canton Nidvaldo) Altitudine454 m s.l.m. Superficie275,85 km² Abitanti43...
Classic architectural treatise De re aedificatoria, title page of the 1541 edition Title page of 1550 edition, Florence De re aedificatoria (On the Art of Building) is a classic architectural treatise written by Leon Battista Alberti between 1443 and 1452.[1] Although largely dependent on Vitruvius's De architectura, it was the first theoretical book on the subject written in the Italian Renaissance, and in 1485 it became the first printed book on architecture. It was followed in 1486...
Fruit that grows on a tree This article is about the fruit. For the technology company, see Apple Inc. For other uses, see Apple (disambiguation). Apple tree redirects here. For other uses, see Apple tree (disambiguation). Apple 'Cripps Pink' apples Flowers Scientific classification Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Rosids Order: Rosales Family: Rosaceae Genus: Malus Species: M. domestica Binomial name Malus domestica(Suckow) Borkh. Synonyms&...
.png)
_1923.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpeg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.png)
.png)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)
_(cropped).jpg)
_(cropped).jpg)
