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Pterygotrigla
	Painted latchet (P. andertoni)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Scorpaeniformes
Family:	Triglidae
Subfamily:	Pterygotriglinae
Genus:	Pterygotrigla; Waite, 1899
Type species
	Trigla polyommata; J. Richardson, 1839
Synonyms
	Hoplonotus Guichenot, 1867 (pre-occupied); Otohime D. S. Jordan & Starks, 1907; Exolissus D. S. Jordan, 1923; Parapterygotrigla Matsubara, 1937; Dixiphichthys Fowler, 1938; Dixiphistes Fowler, 1938; Uradia Kamohara, 1938;

Pterygotrigla is a genus of genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Triglidae, the gurnards and sea robins, one of two genera belonging to the subfamily Pterygotriglinae. These gurnards are found in the Indian and Pacific oceans.

Taxonomy

Pterygotrigla was originally described as the genus Hoplonotus by the French zoologist Alphonse Guichenot but this name was invalid as it was preoccupied by Hoplonotus Schmidt 1846, a coleopteran taxon. In 1899 the Australian ichthyologist Edgar Ravenswood Waite put forward the new name Pterygotrigla to replace Guichenot's name. The type species of the genus is Trigla polyommata^[1] which was described in 1839 by John Richardson with its type locality given as Port Arthur, Tasmania.^[2] This genus, along with the monotypic Bovitrigla, makes up the subfamily Pterygotriglinae within the family Triglidae.^[3] The genus name, Pterygotrigla, is a compound of pterygion, a diminutive of pteryx, which means "fin", thought to be a reference to pectoral fins of the type species P. polyommata and their resemblance to wings, and Trigla the type genus of the Triglidae which was also the original genus of P. polyommata when it was described by Richardson in 1839.^[4] The common name used for most of the species classified within this genus is gurnard which derives from the croaking sound they create when caught.^[5]

Subgenera and species

There are currently 31 recognized species in this genus:^[2]^[6] and these are classified into subgenera as follows:^[4]

Subgenus Pterygotrigla Waite, 1899
- Pterygotrigla andertoni Waite, 1910 (Painted latchet)
- Pterygotrigla cajorarori Richards & Yato, 2012 (Hyperostotic gurnard) ^[7]
- Pterygotrigla gomoni Last & Richards, 2012 (Gomon's Gurnard) ^[8]
- Pterygotrigla guezei Fourmanoir, 1963 (Mauritius gurnard)
- Pterygotrigla leptacanthus Günther, 1880 (Black-finned gurnard)
- Pterygotrigla macrolepidota Kamohara, 1938
- Pterygotrigla madagascarensis Yato & Heemstra, 2019
- Pterygotrigla pauli Hardy, 1982 (Yellow spotted gurnard)
- Pterygotrigla picta Günther, 1880 (Spotted gurnard)
- Pterygotrigla polyommata J. Richardson, 1839 (Latchet)
- Pterygotrigla ryukyuensis Matsubara & Hiyama, 1932 (Ryukyu gurnard)
- Pterygotrigla saumarez Last & Richards, 2012 (Saumarez gurnard) ^[8]
Subgenus Otohime Jordan & Starks 1907
- Pterygotrigla amaokai Richards, Yato & Last, 2003
- Pterygotrigla arabica Boulenger, 1888
- Pterygotrigla draiggoch Richards, Yato & Last, 2003 (Dragon gurnard)
- Pterygotrigla elicryste Richards, Yato & Last, 2003 (Dwarf gurnard)
- Pterygotrigla hafizi Richards, Yato & Last, 2003
- Pterygotrigla hemisticta Temminck & Schlegel, 1843 (Blackspotted gurnard)
- Pterygotrigla multipunctata Yato & Yamakawa, 1983
- Pterygotrigla soela Richards, Yato & Last, 2003 (Soela gurnard)
- Pterygotrigla spirai Golani & Baranes, 1997
- Pterygotrigla tagala Herre & Kauffman, 1952
- Pterygotrigla urashimai Richards, Yato & Last, 2003
Subgenus Parapterygotrigla Matsubara, 1937
- Pterygotrigla brandesii (Bleeker, 1850)^[2]
- Pterygotrigla ferculum (Whitley, 1952)^[1]
- Pterygotrigla hoplites Fowler, 1938 (Swordspine gurnard)
- Pterygotrigla jacad Richards & Yato, 2014 ^[9]
- Pterygotrigla macrorhynchus Kamohara, 1936 (Longnose gurnard)
- Pterygotrigla megalops Fowler, 1938
- Pterygotrigla multiocellata Matsubara, 1937 (Antrorse spined gurnard)
- Pterygotrigla robertsi del Cerro & Lloris, 1997

Characteristics

Pterygotrigla gurnards are characterised by having the pterygiophores of the spiny dorsal fin flattened into plate-like structures, there are less than 65 scales along the lateral line and they have 26-28 vertebrae in their spine.^[10]

Distribution

Pterygotrigla gurnards are found in the Indo-Pacific from the eastern coast of Africa, including the Red Sea, east into the western central Pacific Ocean. They occur as far north as Japan and south to New Zealand.^[6]

References

^ ^a ^b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Pterygotriglinae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
^ ^a ^b ^c Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Pterygotrigla". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 1 June 2022.
^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 467–495. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6.
^ ^a ^b Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (10 June 2021). "Order Perciformes (Part 12): Suborder Triglioidei: Families Triglidae and Peristediidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
^ "Gurnard". Merriam-Webster Online. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
^ ^a ^b Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Pterygotrigla". FishBase. February 2022 version.
^ Richards, W.J. & Yato, T. (2012): The tropical species of the subgenus Pterygotrigla (Pisces: Triglidae: Pterygotrigla) with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 3484: 53–64.
^ ^a ^b Last, P.R. & Richards, W.J. (2012): Two new gurnards of the genus Pterygotrigla (Scorpaeniformes: Triglidae) from Australian seas. Zootaxa, 3195: 39–50.
^ Richards, W.J. & Yato, T. (2014): Revision of the subgenus Parapterygotrigla (Pisces: Triglidae: Pterygotrigla). Zootaxa, 3768 (1): 23–42.
^ Dianne J. Bray. "Pterygotrigla". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 1 June 2022.