Politics of Punjab, India

Politics in reorganised present-day Punjab is dominated by mainly three parties – Indian National Congress, Aam Aadmi Party and Shiromani Akali Dal (Badal).[1][2] Since 1967, Chief Minister of Punjab has been predominantly from Jat Sikh community despite its 21 percent state population.[3][4][5] Exceptions are Giani Zail Singh, the Chief Minister of Punjab from 17 March 1972 to 30 April 1977 belonging to Ramgarhia community[6][7] that has population of 6 percent and is a part of significant OBC community having population of 31.3 percent in the state and Charanjit Singh Channi who held the position for 111 days from 20 September 2021 to 16 March 2022 and was from Scheduled Caste(Dalit) who have 32 percent population in the state.[8][9] Other prominent party is Bahujan Samaj Party especially in Doaba region[10][11][12][13] founded by Kanshi Ram of Rupnagar district.[14] In 1992 BSP won 9 seats Vidhan Sabha elections.[15] Also BSP won 3 lok sabha seats from Punjab in 1996 general elections[16] [17] and only Garhshanker seat in 1997 Vidhan Sabha elections.[18] Communist parties too have some influence in the Malwa area.[19] In the 2014 general elections, the first-time contesting Aam Aadmi Party got 4 out of 13 seats in Punjab by winning 34 of the total 117 assembly segments, coming second in 7, third in 73 and fourth in the rest 3 segments.[20] The support for the Aam Aadmi Party increased later in Punjab.[21][22] The current Government was elected in the 2022 Punjab Assembly elections and the AAP won 92 out of 117 Assembly seats with Bhagwant Mann as the Chief Minister. The Congress flows down to get only 18 seats.

History

Pre-1947 period

See also: 1907 Punjab unrest

Before 1947 partition of Punjab, politics were dominated by Unionist Party as it was main party in united Punjab especially seen in 1937 elections.[23][24]

1947–1966

See also: Punjabi Suba movement

During 1947-1966 Punjab was undivided and consisted of present-day Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, and Chandigarh.[25] This meant that both population and religion factor of whole state was mixed and politics were dominated by Indian National Congress.[26][27][28][29]

Political parties

Punjab has many political parties but only eight parties recognized by Election Commission of India and having presence in the state:

Maps

Punjab in Map of India

Punjab is situated in Northern India and shares its boundary with three states – Rajasthan, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh and with two Union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Chandigarh. It also shares its border with Pakistan.

Punjab

The election Schedule will declare by Election Commission of India on the reasonable time.[34]

Last year election dates were announced on 4 January and polling was completed on 4 February 2017. Results were declared on 11 March 2017.

Map of Punjab

Punjab has 23 districts (Malerkotla is the 23rd District, carved out from Sangrur District in May, 2021) and is divided into 4 regions, having 117 total constituencies.

All the 23 districts of Punjab along with their headquarters.
  1. Majha region have 4 district and 25 Assembly constituencies
  2. Doaba is the smallest region with 23 assembly constituencies and 4 districts
  3. Malwa is the biggest region with 15 districts (including 3 districts in Puadh region) and 69 assembly constituencies
  5. 34 seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes and Punjab have no reservation for ST community.

Legislative Assembly Seats Map

This year Punjab will see Major Fight between Indian National Congress, Shiromani Akali Dal and Aam Aadmi Party and Punjab Democratic Alliance.

34 Seats are Reserved for SC's and 83 are unreserved out of 117 assembly Constituencies of Punjab

Region and District wise list of Assembly constituencies

This map shows the Districts and Assembly constituencies in the District
S. No. Region District AC No. Assembly Constituency
1. MAJHA
1. MAJHA Pathankot 1 Sujanpur
2. Pathankot 2 Bhoa
3. Pathankot 3 Pathankot
4. Gurdaspur 4 Gurdaspur
5. Gurdaspur 5 Dina Nagar
6. Gurdaspur 6 Qadian
7. Gurdaspur 7 Batala
8. Gurdaspur 8. Sri Hargobindpur
9. Gurdaspur 9 Fatehgarh Churian
10. Gurdaspur 10 Dera Baba Nanak
11. Sri Amritsar Sahib 11 Ajnala
12. Sri Amritsar Sahib 12 Raja Sansi
13. Sri Amritsar Sahib 13 Majitha
14. Sri Amritsar Sahib 15 Amritsar North
15. Sri Amritsar Sahib 16 Amritsar West
16. Sri Amritsar Sahib 17 Amritsar Central
17. Sri Amritsar Sahib 18 Amritsar East
18. Sri Amritsar Sahib 19 Amritsar South
19. Sri Amritsar Sahib 20 Attari
20. Sri Amritsar Sahib 14 Jandiala
21. Tarn Taran Sahib 21 Tarn Taran
22. Sri Tarn Taran Sahib 22 Khem Karan
23. Sri Tarn Taran Sahib 23 Patti
24. Sri Tarn Taran Sahib 24 Khadoor Sahib
25. Sri Amritsar Sahib 25 Baba Bakala
2. DOABA
26. DOABA Kapurthala 27 Kapurthala
27. Kapurthala 28 Sultanpur Lodhi
28. Kapurthala 29. Phagwara
29. Jalandhar 30 Phillaur
30. Jalandhar 31 Nakodar
31. Jalandhar 32 Shahkot
32. Jalandhar 33 Kartarpur
33. Jalandhar 34 Jalandhar West
34. Jalandhar 35 Jalandhar Central
35. Jalandhar 36 Jalandhar North
36. Jalandhar 37 Jalandhar Cantt.
37. Jalandhar 38 Adampur
38. Kapurthala 26 Bholath
39. Hoshiarpur 39 Mukerian
40. Hoshiarpur 40 Dasuya
41. Hoshiarpur 41 Urmar
42. Hoshiarpur 42 Sham Chaurasi
43. Hoshiarpur 43 Hoshiarpur
44. Hoshiarpur 44 Chabbewal
45. Hoshiarpur 45 Garhshankar
46. NawanShahr 46 Banga
47. NawanShahr 47 Nawanshahr
48. NawanShahr 48 Balachaur
3. MALWA
49. MALWA Rupnagar 49 Anandpur Sahib
50. Rupnagar 50 Rupnagar
51. Rupnagar 51 Chamkaur Sahib
52. Mohali 52 Kharar
53. Mohali 53 S.A.S. Nagar
54. Ludhiana 60 Ludhiana East
55. Ludhiana 61 Ludhiana South
56. Ludhiana 62 Atam Nagar
57. Ludhiana 63 Ludhiana Central
58. Ludhiana 64 Ludhiana West
59. Ludhiana 65 Ludhiana North
60. Ludhiana 66 Gill
61. Ludhiana 68 Dakha
62. Ludhiana 70 Jagraon
63. Sri Fatehgarh Sahib 54 Bassi Pathana
64. Sri Fatehgarh Sahib 55 Fatehgarh Sahib
65. Sri Fatehgarh Sahib 56 Amloh
66. Ludhiana 57 Khanna
67. Ludhiana 58 Samrala
68. Ludhiana 59 Sahnewal
69. Ludhiana 67 Payal
70. Ludhiana 69 Raikot
71. Sangrur 106 Amargarh
72. Moga 71 Nihal Singhwala
73. Moga 72 Bhagha Purana
74. Moga 73 Moga
75. Moga 74 Dharamkot
76. Firozpur 75. Zira
77. Sri Mukatsar Sahib 84 Gidderbaha
78. Faridkot 87 Faridkot
79. Faridkot 88 Kotkapura
80. Faridkot 89 Jaitu
81. Bathinda 90 Rampura Phul
82. Firozpur 76 Firozpur City
83. Firozpur 77 Firozpur Rural
84. Firozpur 78 Guru Har Sahai
85. Fazilka 79 Jalalabad
86. Fazilka 80 Fazilka
87. Fazilka 81 Abohar
88. Fazilka 82 Balluana
89. Sri Mukatsar Sahib 85 Malout
90. Sri Mukatsar Sahib 86 Muktsar
91. Sri Mukatsar Sahib 83 Lambi
92. Bathinda 91 Bhucho Mandi
93. Bathinda 92 Bathinda Urban
94. Bathinda 93 Bathinda Rural
95. Bathinda 94 Talwandi Sabo
96. Bathinda 95 Maur
97. Mansa 96 Mansa
98. Mansa 97 Sardulgarh
99. Mansa 98 Budhlada
100. Sangrur 99 Lehra
101. Sangrur 100 Dirba
102. Sangrur 101 Sunam
103. Barnala 102 Bhadaur
104. Barnala 103 Barnala
105. Barnala 104 Mehal Kalan
106. Sangrur 105 Malerkotla
107. Sangrur 107 Dhuri
108. Sangrur 108 Sangrur
109. Patiala 109 Nabha
110. Patiala 110 Patiala Rural
111. Patiala 111 Rajpura
112. Mohali 112 Dera Bassi
113. Patiala 113 Ghanaur
114. Patiala 114 Sanour
115. Patiala 115 Patiala
116. Patiala 116 Samana
117. Patiala 117 Shutrana

Constituencies

Following is the list of parliamentary constituencies (PC) and assembly constituencies (AC) of Punjab:-

In Punjab each Parliamentary constituency consists Nine Assembly constituencies.
PC No. Parliamentary Constituency AC No. Assembly Constituency
1 Gurdaspur
1 Sujanpur
2 Bhoa
3 Pathankot
4 Gurdaspur
5 Dina Nagar
6 Qadian
7 Batala
9 Fatehgarh Churian
10 Dera Baba Nanak
2 Amritsar 11 Ajnala
12 Raja Sansi
13 Majitha
15 Amritsar North
16 Amritsar West
17 Amritsar Central
18 Amritsar East
19 Amritsar South
20 Attari
3 Khadoor Sahib 14 Jandiala
21 Tarn Taran
22 Khem Karan
23 Patti
24 Khadoor Sahib
25 Baba Bakala
27 Kapurthala
28 Sultanpur Lodhi
75 Zira
4 Jalandhar 30 Phillaur
31 Nakodar
32 Shahkot
33 Kartarpur
34 Jalandhar West
35 Jalandhar Central
36 Jalandhar North
37 Jalandhar Cantt.
38 Adampur
5 Hoshiarpur 8 Sri Hargobindpur
26 Bholath
29 Phagwara
39 Mukerian
40 Dasuya
41 Urmar
42 Sham Chaurasi
43 Hoshiarpur
44 Chabbewal
6 Anandpur Sahib 45 Garhshankar
46 Banga
47 Nawanshahr
48 Balachaur
49 Anandpur Sahib
50 Rupnagar
51 Chamkaur Sahib
52 Kharar
53 S.A.S. Nagar
7 Ludhiana 60 Ludhiana East
61 Ludhiana South
62 Atam Nagar
63 Ludhiana Central
64 Ludhiana West
65 Ludhiana North
66 Gill
68 Dakha
70 Jagraon
8 Fatehgarh Sahib 54 Bassi Pathana
55 Fatehgarh Sahib
56 Amloh
57 Khanna
58 Samrala
59 Sahnewal
67 Payal
69 Raikot
106 Amargarh
9 Faridkot 71 Nihal Singhwala
72 Bhagha Purana
73 Moga
74 Dharamkot
84 Gidderbaha
87 Faridkot
88 Kotkapura
89 Jaitu
90 Rampura Phul
10 Ferozepur 76 Firozpur City
77 Firozpur Rural
78 Guru Har Sahai
79 Jalalabad
80 Fazilka
81 Abohar
82 Balluana
85 Malout
86 Muktsar
11 Bathinda 83 Lambi
91 Bhucho Mandi
92 Bathinda Urban
93 Bathinda Rural
94 Talwandi Sabo
95 Maur
96 Mansa
97 Sardulgarh
98 Budhlada
12 Sangrur 99 Lehra
100 Dirba
101 Sunam
102 Bhadaur
103 Barnala
104 Mehal Kalan
105 Malerkotla
107 Dhuri
108 Sangrur
13 Patiala 109 Nabha
110 Patiala Rural
111 Rajpura
112 Dera Bassi
113 Ghanaur
114 Sanour
115 Patiala
116 Samana
117 Shutrana

See also

References

  1. ^ "HT Explainer: Three years short of 100, SAD's struggle for a comeback". HindustanTimes. 15 December 2017. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  2. ^ "Punjab's tryst with destiny". The Indian Express. 24 October 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  3. ^ "Dalit votes to decide ruling party of Punjab". India Today. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  4. ^ "Why only a Jat Sikh can become Punjab CM, questions ousted Cong leader - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  5. ^ Kumar, Pramod (11 January 2017). "The Punjab poll vault". The Tribune. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  6. ^ "Ramgarhia Forum appeals CM Fadnavis for OBC status to Ramgarhia Sikhs in state". nagpurtoday.in. 28 April 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  7. ^ "Amarinder challenges CM Badal from Lambi - The Sunday Guardian Live". The Sunday Guardian Live. 15 January 2017. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  8. ^ "Amarinder Singh cabinet has 3 Dalits despite 32 per cent vote share, Jat Sikhs continue to rule Punjab". India Today. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  9. ^ "Punjab Congress faces rebellion over lack of representation for Dalits". CatchNews.com. Retrieved 23 August 2018.
  10. ^ "Punjab: In Doaba, BSP promoting 'Ambedkarite culture' to 'politically awaken' Dalits". The Indian Express. 17 April 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  11. ^ "Elephant emerges the dark horse in Punjab". The Indian Express. 26 May 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  12. ^ "BSP's Punjab Surprise: Three Candidates Finish Third, Fares Better Than AAP". News18. 24 May 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  13. ^ "BSP gains in Punjab amid PDA thrashing". The Times of India. 24 May 2019. Retrieved 8 August 2019.
  14. ^ "Kanshi Ram and the Making of Dalit Political Agency". Economic and Political Weekly. 56 (3): 7–8. 16 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021.
  15. ^ "Punjab Assembly Election Results in 1992". Elections.in. 11 April 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  16. ^ Roy, Meenu (1996). India Votes, Elections 1996: A Critical Analysis. Deep & Deep Publications. p. 198. ISBN 9788171009008.
  17. ^ "Result Of Punjab In 1996". Archived from the original on 23 November 2012.
  18. ^ "In 1997, the BSP won Vidhan Sabha seat of Garhshankar". hindustantimes.com/. 18 May 2013. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  19. ^ Kumar, P. "Coalition Politics in Punjab in E. Sridharan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  20. ^ "Details of Assembly Segments of Parliamentary Constituencies - General Elections, 2014 - 16th Lok Sabha (page 946 of 1698)" (PDF). Election Commission of India.
  21. ^ N, TN (20 May 2014). "Other party netas lining up for AAP". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  22. ^ Mohan, Vibhor (21 May 2014). "AAP may face problem of plenty in choosing candidates for bypolls". The Times of India. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  23. ^ Talbot, Ian (16 December 2013). Khizr Tiwana, the Punjab Unionist Party and the Partition of India. Routledge. ISBN 9781136790362.
  24. ^ Low, D. A. (18 June 1991). Political Inheritance of Pakistan. Springer. p. 86. ISBN 9781349115563.
  25. ^ Dhaliwal, Sarbjit (9 September 2016). "Punjabi Suba: What's there to celebrate?". Tribuneindia News Service. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  26. ^ "Revisiting past elections..." Tribuneindia News Service. 30 October 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  27. ^ "When Punjab & PEPSU merged". Tribuneindia News Service. 6 November 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  28. ^ "Kairon retains his hold on Punjab". Tribuneindia News Service. 13 November 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  29. ^ "A United Front pushes Congress to the Opposition Benches". Tribuneindia News Service. 20 November 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2018.
  30. ^ "List of All the Political Parties in India". Jagranjosh.com. 16 April 2018. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  31. ^ "Recognition of 'All India Trinamool Congress, as a National party" (PDF). ECI. Retrieved 17 September 2016.
  32. ^ "Aam Aadmi Party recognised as state party in Punjab". Deccan Chronicle. 3 June 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  33. ^ "State Parties". eci.nic.in. Retrieved 30 July 2018.
  34. ^ Upcoming elections in India elections.in

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